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The adjustable razor dermatome is another simple, portable, inexpensive, yet efficient mechanical tool for skin grafting. The dermatome is constructed easily from an ordinary household adjustable safety razor. This model, unlike those described earlier will cut grafts of various thicknesses without the use of a different cutting head or shim.
This communication reports the sectioning and subsequent examination of 1-mm freehand razor blade sections of the normal 35-day ferret fetus; pregnancy in the ferret lasts for 42 days. Skeletal and other abnormalities obtained after maternal treatment with teratogens, such as trypan blue, mustine hydrochloride, and sodium salicylate are included for comparison with the normal.
By aiming to relieve pain from removing blisters in partial thickness burn, we tested whether the application of a sterile lubricant (KY-Jelly) on blisters and the use of a sterile razor to remove their roof can reduce algesia in humans, compared to a conventional method. A prospective randomized controlled designed study was performed on 20 patients. A visual pain scale was used by patients to evaluate pain experienced.
A 29-year-old male was found dead lying in a pool of blood inside a community toilet locked from inside. The individual is alleged to have committed suicide by cutting his throat with a safety razor blade, which was found at the scene by the investigating police authority. The deceased, as per his relatives, was suffering from depression for the last few days.
Much of the current knowledge concerning bivalve immunology and immunotoxicology has come from studies on the mussel genus, Mytilus, or from the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Following a major oil spill, it was observed that the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis, underwent significant immunosuppression but no oil-induced mortalities, while in contrast, mass mortalities were noted in the edible cockle, Cerastoderma edule, and the razor-shell, Ensis siliqua. A study comparing immune cells and functions in these three species was initiated (i) to assess whether M. edulis was a representative model species and (ii) to provide baseline data on immunity in two common species, which had previously received little or no attention in this respect. While all three species shared similar cell types, their lectin-binding and enzyme cytochemistry differed considerably. M. edulis had significantly different proportions of haemocytes binding with the lectins concanavalin A, wheatgerm agglutinin and Helix pomatia agglutinin and stained positive for eight enzymes, compared with only five in C. edule and three in E. siliqua. In terms of immune function, M. edulis haemocytes were much more active in phagocytosis and superoxide generation than haemocytes of the other two species. The results show that immune cells and functions differed extensively in these three closely related species, with M. edulis showing a much higher level of immunological vigour that may be linked to its considerable resilience to adverse environmental conditions. This suggests that M. edulis may not be particularly representative of the bivalves in terms of immune reactivity and that a wider range of species should be included in studies of molluscan immunotoxicology.
BACKGROUND: Occam's razor encourages ascribing a set of clinical findings to a single diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To present a patient with a subungual wart and a glomus tumor of the same nail unit and to review the literature regarding these conditions. METHODS: We describe a 58-year-old female with a 2-year history of nail dystrophy and related symptoms that were initially attributed to verruca but recalcitrant to extensive therapies. RESULTS: Ultimately the persistence of her symptoms was found to be secondary to a subungual glomus tumor. CONCLUSION: Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of multiple diagnoses to prevent the delay of appropriate management, particularly when symptoms do not respond to initial treatment.
To establish polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels and distribution as well as their relationship to biometric parameters in the razor clam Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758), 15 individual samples collected from two points sited in the Islas Cies, Ría de Vigo in Galicia, Spain, collected monthly between February 2003 and April 2004, were analysed. PCBs (IUPAC No. 31, 28, 52, 101, 118, 153, 105, 138, 156 and 180) were isolated by Soxhlet extraction. Identification and quantification were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography (electron capture detector), respectively. The isomer concentrations in E. siliqua were in the order hexachlorobiphenyls > pentachlorobiphenyls > heptachlorobiphenyls > trichlorobiphenyls > tetrachlorbiphenyls. No correlation was observed between the E. siliqua shell length and PCBs levels. The PCBs 31, 101, 105 and 153 levels were statistically related with some biometric parameters (p < 0.05). Multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) show clear seasonal differences between samples.
Harvesting a split-thickness skin graft by a single-use safety razor is described.
Shaving off the sweat glands and hair follicles with a single-use safety razor is described.
Large vessels of the nose have been treated with razor blade shave technique in 5 patients. A good cosmetic result has been achieved.
This article describes the excision of tissue for Mohs micrographic surgery utilizing a razor blade. The blade allows the maximum amount of normal tissue to be conserved. This is important when excising a relatively small, superficial basal cell carcinoma arising in an important cosmetic area such as the nose, which is also a region at high risk for recurrence. This technique often produces a wound that will heal secondarily with an excellent cosmetic result.
The razor blade can be a valuable tool in the performance of many minor surgical procedures. It is extremely sharp, flexible, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. The technique and specific applications are reviewed and discussed.
We report an unusual case of the erroneous discharge of a third-generation multiprogrammable implantable cardioverter defibrillator in a 64-year-old patient with a history of recurrent ventricular tachycardias caused by electromagnetic interference while shaving with an electric razor. Electromagnetic interference was related to a defect in the electrode's insulation and could not be provoked in an intact electrode.
A functional model of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BTC) loops is described. In our modeling effort, we try to minimize the complexity of our starting hypotheses. For that reason, we call this type of modeling Ockham's razor modeling. We have the additional constraint that the starting assumptions should not contradict experimental findings about the brain. First assumption: The brain lacks direct representation of paths but represents directions (called speed fields in control theory). Then control should be concerned with speed-field tracking (SFT). Second assumption: Control signals are delivered upon differencing in competing parallel channels of the BTC loops. This is modeled by extending SFT with differencing that gives rise to the robust Static and Dynamic State (SDS) feedback-controlling scheme. Third assumption: Control signals are expressed in terms of a gelatinous medium surrounding the limbs. This is modeled by expressing parameters of motion in parameters of the external space. We show that corollaries of the model fit properties of the BTC loops. The SDS provides proper identification of motion related neuronal groups of the putamen. Local minima arise during the controlling process that works in external space. The model explains the presence of parallel channels as the means to avoiding such local minima. Stability conditions of the SDS predict that the initial phase of learning is mostly concerned with selection of sign for the inverse dynamics. The model provides a scalable controller. State description in external space instead of configurational space reduces the dimensionality problem. Falsifying experiment is suggested. Computer experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. We argue that the resulting scheme has a straightforward connectionist representation exhibiting population coding and Hebbian learning properties.
The razor clam Solen marginatus has a diploid chromosome number of 38. The karyotype consists of one metacentric/submetacentric, three submetacentric/metacentric, five submetacentric, one submetacentric/subtelocentric, one subtelocentric/submetacentric, six subtelocentric and two telocentric chromosome pairs. Staining with chromomycin A3 revealed bright positive bands subcentromerically in the long arms of one medium-sized subtelocentric pair, while DAPI staining showed uniform fluorescence in all chromosomes of the complement. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using an 18S-5.8S-28S rDNA probe locates these loci at the subcentromeric region of one subtelocentric pair and at the subtelomeric region of another subtelocentric pair.
To achieve a coherent theory of mental functioning, psychoanalysis cannot continue to explicate its observations through the "complementary" use of models based on differing premises. Moreover, the current profusion of plausible theories is unmanageably prolix; it is true, however, that theory must account for the complexity of constant shifts of developmental levels in terms of currently used adaptive devices. The simplest possible clinical theory will add to existing theories of motivation and development only the concepts needed to explicate reasons for these shifts in modes of functioning. Motivations are preprogrammed in the brain, so that theories of motivation must be congruent with neurophysiological knowledge. But the current status of a person's organismic motivations can only be inferred on the basis of the affective reactions they generate. The acquisition of symbolic capacities changes the infant from an organism automatically striving to fulfill a preprogrammed ground plan into a creature of self-awareness able to formulate wishes and to establish those priorities among them best called "self-organization." Thenceforth various wishes may come into conflict; the need to avoid the resultant discomfort gives rise to defensive operations. Defense may take the form of regression, although the latter is generally based on established deficits in the adaptive repertory--"apraxias." If developmental progress takes place, superseded modes of behavioral organization remain forever available for contingencies wherein they are advantageous. The theory presented meets the criteria of "Occam's razor"; it remains to be seen, however, whether it does so at the cost of some reductionism.
The purpose of this randomised controlled trial was to determine if patients showed a preference for preoperative hair removal with razors or clippers and to identify if one method was associated with more trauma or postoperative infections. The trial took place in a day surgery unit with patients who were having a range of surgical procedures including hernias and varicose veins. This study was sponsored by an award from the NATN/3M Clinical Fellowship.
Domoic acid has been found in razor clams (Siliqua patula) and dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) in Washington State and elsewhere on the West Coast of the United States. Due to toxic effects associated with domoic acid exposure, an effort has been made to establish tolerable domoic acid levels in crabs and clams obtained from commercial harvest and sale and from individual recreational harvesting. To accomplish this, the amount of clams and crabs consumed by populations of concern was determined, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) was developed for individuals most sensitive to effects of this compound, and the TDI was equated with consumption patterns to determine tolerable clam and crab domoic acid levels. Results indicate that the primary health effects associated with domoic acid toxicity can be averted in populations of concern and for others consuming crabs or clams less frequently (or in lesser quantity) if domoic acid contaminant concentration does not exceed 30 mg/kg in the hepatopancreas and viscera of dungeness crabs or 20 mg/kg in clams.