Velocity of light and of radio waves.
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We used very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) to measure the deflection by the Sun of radio waves emanating from distant compact radio sources. This bending is characterized in the parametrized post-Newtonian formalism by gamma, which is unity in general relativity. Using a large geodetic VLBI data set, we obtained gamma=0.9998(3)+/-0.0004(5) (estimated standard error). We found no systematic biases from our analysis of subgroups of data.
Material is presented on combined effects of mm-band radio waves and cyclophosphane on the hemopoietic system and inoculated tumor sarcoma-180. The role of the bone marrow truncal cells in the acceleration of regenerative processes and a two-fold increase of clonogenic activity of the bone marrow were determined in the combined group in comparison with the bone marrow of animals receiving just the preparation. The sensitizing effect of mm-waves in combination with cyclophosphane was distinctly manifested after two courses of administration of the preparation, leading to 85-100% resorption of the tumours without further relapses during the year of observation over the animals.
A versatile eccentric-spheres model of the human head is used in this paper to investigate radio-wave absorption. Numerical results, obtained by use of an exact analytical solution, are presented for the total, percentage, and gram-specific absorption. Interest is mainly in the brain and in the eyes of an adult or an infant head. Our model comprises a host sphere and several spherical inclusions, all concentrically stratified with respect to their own center. Any number of inclusions and any number of concentric layers for the host sphere and each one of the inclusions can be considered. Excitation is provided either by a plane-wave or by a nearby electric dipole. The analytical solution is obtained by use of the indirect-mode matching method. The theory of this paper and the accompanying computer code constitute a versatile tool for analytical studies of cellular-phone interactions with the human head. Specific absorption rate maps in a horizontal cross section of the head model manifest the existence of hot spots in the eyes and near the center of the brain.
A stock of Drosophila sc VI - YS/y ac oc ptg - YL/y ac oc ptg - YL/y sc S1 B In49 ct ns v sc8 that accumulated the recessive lethals on the X chromosome was exposed to a frequency of 98.5 MHz (wave length 3.35 m) and a field strength of 0.3 V/m. The flies were kept near the base of the 300-ft antenna of a 50,000 watt transmitter for 32 weeks. There was no significant difference in the percentage of lethals between the stock exposed to 4,020 hours of nonthermal FM radio waves and the controls.
Verrucae are common skin lesions seen mainly in younger patients. They often are seen on the plantar surface of the foot. Many different types of treatments have been used over the years, with varying levels of success. The authors present a thorough review of previous treatments and present a new and effective method of surgical excision using radio wave technique. The success of this treatment is high, and the postsurgical pain and complication level is minimal.
Apart from mechanical epilation, which is a nuisance to both the patient and the ophthalmologist, standard techniques for removing unwanted eyelashes, such as electrosurgery (Hyfrecator) and cryosurgery, may cause eyelid tissue damage and other complications. Refinements in electrosurgical techniques have enabled production of a machine that can provide high-frequency radio waves with a modification of the waveform to produce a blended cut-coagulation effect (Ellman Surgitron). Treatment of hairs in fresh calf skin with the Ellman Surgitron resulted in destruction of the germinal cells of the hair follicle, with only a small amount of tissue change lateral to the track of the electrode; the Hyfrecator caused total sloughing of the epithelial cells, with marked superficial tissue changes due to heat spread. In six eyelids of six patients undergoing eyelid excision the Ellman Surgitron was effective in causing destruction of the germinal cells of the hair follicle, with very little lateral heat spread in the tissues or destruction of the skin epithelial cells. As well, there was no tissue damage anywhere near the conjunctival surface.
OBJECTIVE: Uvulopalatoplasty, performed with high-frequency radio waves, was evaluated as a treatment for social snoring. METHODS: Forty male social snorers were included in this prospective, nonrandomized study. Patients' subjective complaints before, during, and 3 months after radio-assisted uvulopalatoplasty were recorded on a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Complications were negligible. Snoring sounds and daytime tiredness reduced significantly. Considering effect and suffering during and after surgery, a high number of patients (93%) were willing to undergo the procedure again if necessary. CONCLUSIONS: The results of radio-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (RAUP) seem to be similar to other surgical methods used to reduce snoring. The relative small investments needed and its simplicity makes RAUP a good alternative to known treatment strategies.
The speed of light, a fundamental physical constant and thought to be independent of frequency, is tested here with naturally occurring radio waves in the atmosphere at extremely low frequencies. It is shown that the speed of light in the frequency range 5-50 Hz is known with an accuracy determined by perturbations of the ionospheric reflection height associated with space weather phenomena, which place an upper limit on the photon rest mass mgamma < or approximately 4 x 10(-52) kg to date.
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PURPOSE: This experiment was designed to assess the feasibility of radio frequency energy delivered by a prototype radio frequency generator inductive heating device (REVAX) positioned external to the body, for transient heating of stents after arterial implant. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-one New Zealand White rabbits underwent stenting of their infrarenal aorta. Nine rabbits were stented and immediately placed in the REVAX for external stent heating with internal temperature probes in place. Twelve rabbits were stented and 3 days later either heated or placed in the generator as a sham for 20 min. The animals were terminated 28 days later. RESULTS: The REVAX was able to heat the aortic stents in a controlled fashion; in Phase II experiments, the stent temperature was raised to 42 degrees C for 20 min. In Phase I mild necrosis was noted at the stent struts. In Phase II, necrosis and mineralization of the media was seen at the stent struts, and evidence of neointimal suppression was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that external heating of stents in a blood vessel in a live animal via radio frequency energy is feasible. Further studies will be needed to assess whether any specific heating regimen might inhibit fibrocellular neointimal hyperplasia.
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