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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Radio frequency nonionizing radiation in a community exposed to radio and television broadcasting.

Exposure to radio frequency (RF) nonionizing radiation from telecommunications is pervasive in modern society. Elevated disease risks have been observed in some populations exposed to radio and television transmissions, although findings are inconsistent. This study quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near the broadcasting transmitters for Denver, Colorado. RF power densities outside and inside each residence were obtained, and a global positioning system (GPS) identified geographic coordinates and elevations. A view-shed model within a geographic information system (GIS) characterized the average distance and percentage of transmitters visible from each residence. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a 2.5-day period, and some measurements were repeated 8-29 months later. RF levels logged at 1-min intervals for 2.5 days varied considerably among some homes and were quite similar among others. The greatest differences appeared among homes within 1 km of the transmitters. Overall, there were no differences in mean residential RF levels compared over 2.5 days. However, after a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements were unchanged. Increasing proximity, elevation, and line-of-sight visibility were each associated with elevated RF exposures. At average distances from > 1-3 km, exterior RF measurements were 13-30 times greater among homes that had > 50% of the transmitters visible compared with homes with < or = 50% visibility at those distances. This study demonstrated that both spatial and temporal factors contribute to residential RF exposure and that GPS/GIS technologies can improve RF exposure assessment and reduce exposure misclassification.

Colorado↗
PubMed2001

Activities of the International Radio Medical Centre (C.I.R.M.) in Rome during the last five years (1996-2000). Centro Internazionale Radio Medico.

This paper reviews medical activity provided from 1996 to 2000 by the International Radio Medical Centre (Centro Internazionale Radio Medico, C.I.R.M.). C.I.R.M. is a non-profit organization headquartered in Rome and providing freely telemedical advice to ships flying of any flag navigating on all seas of the world, to civil airplanes and to small Italian islands. From 1996 to 2000 C.I.R.M. has assisted 4,982 patients, 4,686 of which (94%) on board ships, 85 on airplanes and 206 on small Italian islands. More than 65% of requests of telemedical advice received by C.I.R.M. were from non-Italian ships. This indicates the really international nature of C.I.R.M.'s activity. The largest number of medical requests come from the Atlantic Ocean, followed by the Mediterranean sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. In terms of pathologies assisted, accidents took the first place, followed as main pathologies by gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, respiratory disorders, infectious and parasitic diseases and nervous system complaints. Analysis of the outcome of C.I.R.M.'s medical activity showed that more than 50% of patients assisted were recovered or improved while assisted by the Centre.

Aircraft↗
PubMed2007

Radio(chemo)therapy plus resection versus radio(chemo)therapy alone for the treatment of stage III esophageal cancer.

PURPOSE: To compare radio(chemo)therapy with 41.4-50.4 Gy (moderate dose, MD-RCT) plus resection versus radio(chemo)therapy with 59.4-66.6 Gy (higher dose, HD-RCT) alone for outcome in stage III esophageal cancer, and to investigate potential prognostic factors including preradiotherapy (pre-RT) hemoglobin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 148 patients with stage III esophageal cancer, treated with MD-RCT plus resection (n = 41) or HD-RCT alone (n = 107), were retrospectively evaluated for age, gender, performance status, tumor location, tumor length, stage, histology, grading, number of chemotherapy courses, pre-RT hemoglobin, resection, overall survival (OS), metastases-free survival (MFS), and locoregional control (LC). RESULTS: On univariate analysis, MD-RCT plus resection resulted in better 2-year OS (57% vs. 25%; p = 0.049), 2-year MFS (71% vs. 39%; p = 0.041), and 2-year LC (76% vs. 39%; p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, results maintained significance for LC (p = 0.021). According to multivariate analysis, pre-RT hemoglobin was associated with OS (p = 0.003), MFS (p = 0.043), and LC (p = 0.041), tumor length with OS (p = 0.002) and MFS (p = 0.017), and the number of chemotherapy courses with OS (p = 0.008). Complications were more frequent in the MD-RCT-plus-surgery group (p < 0.001). Acute (p = 0.47) and late toxicity (p = 0.86) were similar in both groups. In patients receiving surgery, R0 resection was superior to R1/2 resection for OS (p < 0.001), MFS (p = 0.030), and LC (p < 0.001). MD-RCT plus R0 resection was also superior to HD-RCT alone. CONCLUSION: MD-RCT plus resection resulted in better LC than HD-RCT alone. If R0 resection is possible, MD-RCT plus resection appears preferable, as it results in better outcome. If only R1/2 resection can be performed, HD-RCT alone appears preferable regarding outcome and the greater morbidity associated with resection.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Salivary gland scintigraphy after radio-iodine therapy. Functional scintigraphy of the salivary gland after high dose radio-iodine therapy (author's transl)].

Following high dose radio-iodine therapy, some radiation damage to the salivary glands is to be expected since iodine is taken up by these glands. The great individual variation in the uptake makes it impossible to predict the severity of the damage. T max and maximal excretion capacity after stimulation were therefore estimated by a camera functional scintigram with digital read out in patients following radioiodine therapy (0.1-3.2 Ci); the excretion index was used as an indirect measure of salivary flow. After a dose up to 0.3 Ci there is a change of T max and maximal excretion capacity in 30% of patients; after a dose of 0.5 to 1 Ci it is found in 60 and 80% and after very high doses of 1.1 to 3.2 Ci an abnormal Tmax was found in two-thirds of all patients and reduced or absent excretion capacity in all nine patients in this group. The excretion index also depended significantly on the cumulative dose. All patients who had received very high doses showed marked hyposialia or asialia. The early results of interim examinations suggest, similar to radio-iodine induced hypothyroidism, a cumulative risk of reduced function. In view of the long survival period of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas attention should be drawn to this side effect.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed2006

Experienced radio-guided surgery teams can successfully perform minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy without intraoperative parathyroid hormone assays.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is an accepted treatment option for primary hyperparathyroidism. The need for intraoperative parathyroid hormone assays (iPTH) to confirm adenoma removal remains controversial. We studied minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) performed using preoperative sestamibi localization studies, intraoperative gamma detection probe, and the selective use of frozen section pathology without the use of iPTH. This is a single institution review of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism treated with MIRP by surgeons experienced in radio-guided surgery between October 1, 1998 and July 15, 2005. Information was obtained by reviewing computer medical records as well as contacting primary care physicians. Factors evaluated included laboratory values, pathology results, and evidence of recurrence. One hundred forty patients were included with a median preoperative calcium level of 11.3 mg/dL (range, 9.6-17) and a PTH level of 147 pg/mL (range, 19-5042). The median postoperative calcium level was 9.3 mg/dL. All patients were initially eucalcemic postoperatively except for one who had normal parathyroid levels. However, five (4%) patients required re-exploration for various reasons. Of the failures, one was secondary to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and therefore would not have benefited from iPTH, one had thyroid tissue removed at the first operation, and three developed evidence of a second adenoma. One of these three patients had a drop in PTH level from 1558 pg/mL preoperatively to 64 pg/mL on postoperative Day 1, indicating that iPTH would not have prevented this failure. Thus, only three (2.1%) patients could have potentially benefited from the use of iPTH. MIRP was successful in 96 per cent of patients using a combination of preoperative sestamibi scans, intraoperative localization with a gamma probe, and the selective use of frozen pathology. This correlates with reported success rates of 95 per cent to 100 per cent using iPTH. We conclude that minimally invasive parathyroidectomy can be successfully performed without using iPTH assays.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

[Surgical treatment of intestinal radio-lesions. 53 patients operated, out of 171 radio-lesions among 7301 irradiated (author's transl)].

Results of a complete and homogenous series by the Medical Team of the Centre Anti-Cancéreux.--2,45% of abdomino-pelvic irradiations among 6516 cases,--but only 0.78 are serious and need surgery (i.e. 1/3 of the radio-lesions). The study concerned 65 cases;--during the same period, medical treatment alone controlled 51 cases of rectitis and 51 stenoses. The interval after irradiation is variable: 33 times, it was shorter than 1 year, in 32 cases, it was longer, up to 13 years. The plan for therapy is to continue the medical treatment as well as possible and to operate only in case of absolute need, but before obstruction;--to prefer immediate resection to internal derivation. The 27 resections resulted in 18 recoveries and 9 cases of peritonitis. In spite of the serious nature of the initial irradiated lesion, followed by this complicated radio-lesion, we observed: 28% of 5-year survivals, and over 10 years in 9 cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Health aspects of radio-frequency radiation accidents. Part I: Assessment of health after a radio-frequency radiation accident.

The health aspects of an accident involving nine men exposed to 4.1 GHz radio-frequency radiation (RFR) is described. Two were exposed to levels of 4.6 mW/cm2 for up to 90 minutes, which exceeds the current Australian standard of 1 mW/cm2, while the other seven were exposed to lower levels. For staff in the high-exposure group, the dose rate was calculated for the whole body, skin, eyes, and pituitary. Comprehensive medical examinations were performed on all staff, including follow-up ophthalmological examinations over a period of nine months. Various abnormalities were found in all staff but, with the possible exception of hair loss, there was no consistent gradient of effect in the occurrence of abnormality between the groups. Various problems in conducting the investigation are discussed. It was concluded that the exposure had not resulted in harmful effects.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

Health aspects of radio-frequency radiation accidents. Part II: A proposed protocol for assessment of health effects in radio-frequency radiation accidents.

A protocol is proposed for the assessment of health effects following a radio-frequency radiation accident. The protocol is intended to ensure uniform recording of exposure and medical data. This should meet the requirements of the individuals exposed as well as contributing to scientific knowledge. Difficult aspects about the collection of exposure and medical data are discussed and the need to consider the feelings of the exposed individual(s) is emphasized.

Accidents↗
PubMed1976

The influence of coumarin on blood levels of radio labelled protein and radio labelled poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone in thermally injured rats.

The evidence presented in this paper suggests that coumarin is a RES stimulator. An enhanced removal of both RPP and radio RPVP was observed beginning at or before 30 minutes and lasting up to 6 hours. Over this time, RPP removal was enhanced by an average of 40%, while RPVP removal was enhanced by 60%. Since RPVP is non-metbabolizable, its levels may be a more accurate estimate of the stimulatory effect of coumarin. This evidence fits in well previous results which have suggested that coumarin may increase the number of phagocytic cells. Other results have shown enhancement of protein lysis by 74% over similar periods, while enhanced protease activity levels of 50% have been observed to accompany this.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

In vivo kinematic behavior of the radio-capitate joint during wrist flexion-extension and radio-ulnar deviation.

The capitate is often considered the "keystone" of the carpus, not simply because of its central and prominent position in the wrist, but also because of its mechanical interactions with neighboring bones. The purpose of this study was to determine in vivo three-dimensional capitate kinematics. Twenty uninjured wrists were investigated using a recently developed, non-invasive markerless bone registration (MBR) technique. Surface contours of the capitate, third metacarpal and radius were extracted from computed tomography images of seven wrist positions and the three-dimensional motions of the capitate and third metacarpal were calculated with respect to the radius in wrist flexion-extension and radio-ulnar deviation. We found that in vivo capitate motion does not simply occur about a single pivot point like a universal joint, as demonstrated by non-intersecting rotation axes for different capitate motions. The distance between flexion and ulnar deviation axes was 3.9+/-2.0 mm, and the distance between extension and ulnar deviation axes was 3.9+/-1.4 mm. Furthermore, capitate axes for males tended to be located more distally than axes for females. However, we believe that this result is related to subject size and not to gender. We also found that there is minimal relative motion between the capitate and third metacarpal during these in vivo wrist motions. These findings demonstrate the complexity of capitate kinematics, as well as the different mechanisms through which wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Radio- and radio-chemosensitivity of human head and neck cancer cell line detected by human tumor clonogenic assay].

The radiosensitivity and radio-chemosensitivity of 3 series of human cancer cell lines were evaluated by human tumor clonogenic assay. The sources of cell lines were gingiva carcinoma (Ca9-22), uterus carcinoma (Hela) and gastric carcinoma (MKN-45). BLM and CDDP were used, and chemosensitivity of gingiva carcinoma tended to be higher than other cell lines. Radiosensitivity was same as MKN-45. Isobologram were employed for quantitation of the interaction between the irradiation and anti-cancer agents. In Ca9-22, the interaction of between gamma-rays, BLM and CDDP was supra-additive. Hela was also supra-additive, but in MKN-45, the interaction of between gamma-rays and BLM was sub-additive.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1996

[Antibody-targeted radio-chemotherapy of human primary liver cancer with radio-iodinated AFP monoclonal antibodies conjugated with mitomycin C: a preliminary clinical observation].

A "dual-warhead missile" made of 131I-AFP monoclonal antibody conjugated with mitomycin C was prepared. Twelve patients with moderately advanced and advanced primary liver cancer (PLC) were treated by i.v. injection of the antibody preparation. Tumor decrease in size was observed in 45.5% of the treated patients and decline in serum AFP level was seen in 83.3%. The one-year survival rate was 45.5%. Antibody-targeted radio-chemotherapy is a treatment of choice for advanced PLC patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Establishment of disaster radio response program in the local government radio service for states, territories, and possessions: Federal Communications Commission. Final rule.

This document amends 2, 90, and 99 to allocate high frequency (HF) frequencies to be used by the States, Territories, and Possessions in meeting disaster communications needs. This action is necessary to provide these entities with frequency resources needed to fulfill disaster communications requirements.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1983

Public mobile radio services; regulatory policies and procedures for the Domestic Public Land Mobile Radio Service--Federal Communications Commission. Final rule.

Final policies and procedures concerning objective need showings are being adopted for applications requesting multiple new two-way channels and applications requesting additional channels for an existing system. The policies and procedures we had in the past were vague and did not provide applicants with sufficient information as to what was required in need showings before various types of applications could be granted. Thus, applicants requesting multiple new two-way frequencies or additional two-way channels for an existing system must show that the existing, projected or expected grade of service for the proposed facilities is .25 or greater, this will determine the number of new or additional channels granted.

Radio↗