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PubMed1999

Quantitative evaluation of three-phase bone scintigraphy before and after the treatment of post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Three-phase bone scans performed in 65 patients with post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) were reviewed to evaluate which changes in uptake of the tracer appear before and after treatment, whether the form of treatment affects the intensity of uptake, and to investigate the correlation between the results of treatment and the intensity of the uptake both at initial and final scintigraphic examination. Forty-nine patients were treated using three different methods; 16 patients were observed without treatment. Bone scintigraphy was performed twice in each patient: first before treatment or observation and then at the final assessment, from 6 to 18 months after the end of treatment. Clinical results were rated as follows: good, moderate and poor. Scintigrams were evaluated quantitatively after processing the data obtained from the selected regions of interest. A significant reduction in the initially increased uptake of the tracer was noted in each phase/region of interest 6-18 months after initial imaging. At final assessment, mean uptake ratios in treated and non-treated patients were similar. This suggests that treatment does not affect the rate of reduction of uptake. In patients with good and moderate response to treatment, mean uptake ratios at initial scanning were significantly higher than in patients with poor outcome. This indicates that three-phase bone scintigraphy has prognostic value in RSD: marked hyperfixation of the tracer indicates better final outcome. At final imaging, the mean uptake ratios of patients with good, moderate and poor response to treatment did not differ significantly. This suggests that three-phase bone scintigraphy has no value in monitoring the course of treatment of RSD.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative evaluation of spatial coherence of the electron beam from low temperature field emitters.

By using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an element of a nanobiprism, we evaluated quantitatively the coherence of electrons emitted from tungsten tips at room temperature and 78 K, and found an enhancement of coherence at 78 K. The increase of the transverse coherence length of the electron beam agreed well with that of the inelastic mean free path of electrons in solids, demonstrating the direct relationship between the coherences of the electron beam and the original electronic states. On the basis of this experimental fact, we comment on the interpretation of recent Hanbury Brown-Twiss type experiments for electrons reported by Kiesel et al. [Nature (London) 418, 392 (2002)]].

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

A quantitative evaluation of the magnetic field generated by a CA3 pyramidal cell at EPSP and action potential stages.

We evaluate quantitatively which behavioral stage dominantly generates magnetic field adjacent to a CA3 pyramidal cell by using a compartmental model with dendrites and an axon. Generally speaking, there are four stages in the potential behavior, i.e., excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potential, firing action potential, bursting action potential, if any, and after hyperpolarization potential stages. Calculated magnetic field also consists of corresponding four stages. We find, first, the dominant origin of the peaks of the magnetic field is counter propagating pulses at the firing and bursting stage at basal and apical dendrites. Second, the amplitude of the magnetic field changes to a great extent by the cancellation timing of the apical- and basal-originating fields depending on the calcium ionic channel spikes. Third, the field generated by the current flowing through the axon is significant enough when the temporal resolution of the measurement system becomes high. The results predict that the magnetic-field waveform measured in physiological experiments represents the dendritic configurations, channel density distributions, and bursting characteristics. These facts enable new investigations of neuronal activities in more detail through the observation of the magnetic-field waveform.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative evaluation of monocyte differentiation by electron microscopy: impairment of differentiation ability in monocytes from children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The differentiation of monocytes was evaluated quantitatively by electron microscopy and was analyzed in relation to the clinical features of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The monocyte cellular size increased and cell organellae became mature after a 72-h culture. Phagolysosome formation developed markedly- and the nucleus became circular--accompanied by chromatin deconcentration. The differentiation degree of the cell organellae was indexed and classified as mature by electron microscopy. The indexes of nuclear shape, chromatin deconcentration, cytoplasmonuclear ratio and vacuole formation increased with time. The total index increased linearly with time dependence. These results indicate that the ultrastructural parameters and indexes allowed a quantitative assessment of cell organellae and cellular differentiation of the monocyte. At the acute phase of ALL, the degrees of cell organnellae and cellular differentiation were significantly lower than the control. The above findings suggest that monocytes from children with ALL have impaired differentiation ability, which results in defective function of macrophages.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1986

Isoflurane effects in rat hippocampal cortex: a quantitative evaluation of different cellular sites of action.

In order to evaluate quantitatively the effects of an inhalation anaesthetic on neuronal excitability and on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, we have examined the action of isoflurane on slices from rat hippocampal cortex. Isoflurane 1.5% (1.38% anaesthetize 50% of tested rats (MAC)) reduced orthodromically evoked activity in pyramidal cells by 62%. This was due to the combined effects on afferent fibres, excitatory synapses and pyramidal cells. The effect on the postsynaptic neurones was almost as strong as the effect on the excitatory synapses: the population spike evoked by a given synaptic current was reduced by 24%, and the field-EPSP in response to a given afferent fibre volley by 27%. The presynaptic fibre volley was reduced by 17%.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1991

Re-investigation of ontogenesis of epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA in the liver of rats: quantitative evaluation of northern blot analysis.

Changes in the expression rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA with age in the liver of rats were examined to assess the contribution of EGF to the proliferation of hepatocytes in younger animals. Northern blot analyses with a 32P-labeled probe derived from the extracellular domain of EGFR cDNA were evaluated quantitatively by normalizing the densitometric scanning data with the relative amounts of poly(A)+ RNA in the samples. The expression of EGFR mRNA was low during the early period and increased towards the adult level after 21 days of birth. In contrast, the rate of beta-actin mRNA expression was significantly higher immediately after birth and showed a tendency to decrease with time.

Actins↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative evaluation on the genotoxic potency of chemicals.

Two in vitro tests with different genetic end points, gene mutation and chromosomal damage, and an in vivo test, preferably the micronucleus test in mice, were recommended as a battery system for the primary assessment of genotoxic effects of chemicals. From our comparative studies on the mutagenic potency of chemicals, it was pointed out that results should be evaluated quantitatively rather than qualitatively, since the potency varies extensively, at range of 10(7) fold, among different chemicals, and the in vitro genotoxins relatively weak tend to be negative in in vivo mutagenicity tests as well as in carcinogenicity tests in rodents. New Salmonella tester strains, called YG-series, were established, which showed a high nitroreductase or acetyltransferase activity and specifically sensitive to nitroarens or aromatic anmines in the reverse mutation assays (Ames test). These strains could detect a small amount of mutagenic aromatic amines containing in the urine of cigarette smokers. A new technique in the micronucleus test using peripheral blood erythrocytes was introduced. A cumurative genotoxic effect of benzene, for an example, was detected in the peripheral blood even several weeks after treatment every week by gavage. A cyto-flowmetric analysis can be also applied to monitoring of such effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Quantitative evaluation of liver function using 99mTc-GSA in rats with liver injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion].

We evaluated quantitatively the liver injury of rats induced by ischemia-reperfusion, using 99mTc-DTPA-Galactosyl-Human-Serum-Albumin (99mTc-GSA). The vessels of the left lobe were clamped for 5, 10, or 45 minutes followed by 15 minutes reperfusion. Then, 99mTc-GSA was intravenously administered (170 micrograms/kg body weight) to rats. Two compartment analysis was made on measurement curves in the heart and liver to obtain clearance parameters. Significant difference was observed between the ischemic group (clamped for 10 and for 45 minutes) and the control. These results suggest that 99mTc-GSA is useful in the estimation of liver injury produced by ischemia-reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A quantitative evaluation of cytophotometric DNA analysis in retrospective studies using archival tumor specimens.

Methods developed for the cytophotometric analysis of archival tumor specimens used in retrospective studies were evaluated quantitatively. May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained cytologic slides up to 20 years old could be restained by the Feulgen reaction with excellent results if they were destained in methanol and refixed in formaldehyde prior to Feulgen staining. Storage time had only a minor influence on Feulgen stainability. However, a considerable variation in the intensity of the Feulgen stain was observed between different slides stained simultaneously; this variation was not related to storage time. As a consequence of this variation, the use of internal staining controls, such as granulocytes, is an absolute necessity in the quantitative comparison of different slides. By expressing DNA data from the tumor cells in relative values (c values) related to the internal staining control (with a defined mean value of 2c), Feulgen ploidy level determinations could be made as accurately from measurements on old, destained slides as on cells obtained from fresh tumor material. The ploidy level could also be accurately determined in most cases of prostatic carcinoma from measurements on histopathologic sections.

Archives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the results of a virological examination of sewage. A quantitative evaluation of the finding of enteroviruses in sewage].

In order to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness of virological examinations of sewage, a labeled virus in a dose of 7.5X10(9) PFU was introduced into the canalization system of a community. Such an amount of virus could be found in the canalization system if 5--10% of the residents would excrete it simultaneously. The labeled virus was selectively detected in the community sewage. This procedure has demonstrated that the routine methods for sewage collection, specimen treatment, and virus isolation permit virus detection when 5--10% of this virus excretors are available. The labeled virus entered the canalization system most actively within the first 2 hours after administration, then its amount declined, and within 24 hours ceased. The labeled virus was found on all swabs which were in the sewage flow since the time of administration to the 7th day. The maximum amount of virus was found on the swab which was in the sewage flow for the first 2 hours after virus administration. By 7 days the amount of labeled virus on swabs decreased 10-fold. Under experimental conditions, in sewage kept at 25 degrees C enteroviruses of the group of poliomyelitis, ECHO, and Coxsackie had approximately similar inactivation rate (0.16--0.22 Ig TCD50 per day) and the half-life period (1.3 days), that is, in 7 days the virus titer on a swab should decline by 1.0--1.5 Ig TCD50.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed1989

Patterns of physiological cell death and mitoses in the apical ectodermal ridge in normodactylous and polydactylous rat limb buds. A quantitative evaluation.

Limb buds in normally developing foetal rats and rats with the polydactyly-luxate syndrome at day 14 and 15 of intrauterine growth were studied at the optical and electron microscopic levels. Four sets of limb buds were collected and evaluated: 14th e.d.N., 14th e.d.P., 15th e.d.N., and 15th e.d.P. (e.d. embryonic day, N - normodactylous, P - polydactylous); they were studied for apical ectodermal ridge development with reference to the rates of cell death and mitosis. Both phenomena were evaluated quantitatively. A significant difference was found in the rate of physiological cell death, which was far lower in polydactylous (4.33 and 28.73) as compared with normodactylous individuals (62.40 and 82.11 cell deaths per 300 cells in the ridge on days 14 and 15). The difference found documents a considerable retardation in cell death rate in the polydactylous apical ectodermal ridge epithelium. Physiological cell death is associated with a process called apoptosis, which is characterized by the presence of "apoptotic bodies" in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and in the intercellular space. The total number of mitoses in the ridge epithelium was relatively low (4.63 - 6.33 per 300 cells) and the differences between norm and polydactyly were not statistically significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Purine compounds in mitochondria: a quantitative evaluation.

Applying a recently developed reverse-phase ion-pair HPLC technique we determined purine compounds in acid extracts of mitochondria isolated from rat and mouse liver, rat renal cortex, and hepatoma. Intramitochondrial purine nucleosides and bases were evaluated quantitatively for the first time. All mitochondria examined contain significant amounts of adenosine, guanosine, inosine, guanine, and hypoxanthine. Moreover, IMP was identified in all extracts. Adenine was detected in traces only. These results are in accordance with the concept of mitochondrial metabolism of purine compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative evaluation of intraarterial lymphocyte injection therapy for lymph edema using MR imaging.

Five patients with unilateral leg lymph edema had intraarterial injections of lymphocytes in the affected leg with consequent improvement in 3. To assess the degree of lymph edema, T2 and intensity ratio between the 2 legs in STIR images were used. Mean and SD of T2 values in the subcutaneous tissue were measured using a triple echo sequence and found larger on the edematous side than in the opposite extremity. The mean T2 shortening obtained after the lymphocyte therapy correlated well with the reduction of limb circumference. Mean T2 reflects the fluid content, and SD of T2 the fluid distribution in the subcutaneous tissue. The degree of lymph edema and the effect of therapy can be evaluated quantitatively by measuring the value of the T2 relaxation time.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Quantitative evaluation of juxtatrabecular fibrosis in myelodysplastic syndromes].

PURPOSE: Myelofibrosis is a common, poor-prognosis feature of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The aim of this work was to evaluate quantitatively the extent of the juxtatrabecular fibrosis in primary MDS and in secondary myelodysplasias, along with the presence of immature precursor cells in anomalous position, that is, the displacement of granulopoiesis from the paratrabecular area to central positions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven bone marrow samples were examined: 9 from primary MDS, 9 from secondary myelodysplasias, and 9 normal. The percentage of myeloblasts and promyelocytes with nucleoli located in the central areas was estimated, in an attempt to correlate such feature with the degree of juxtatrabecular fibrosis. The analysis of data was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, values of p < 0.01 being significant. RESULTS: Sectorial juxtatrabecular fibrosis was present in all the myelodysplastic samples, ranging from 6% to 55% of the trabecular surface; the highest values found in the controls were about 3.6% (p < 0.01). Although the juxtatrabecular fibrosis figures are higher in secondary MDS, the difference is not significant with regard to the primary MDS in the number of patients studied here. The count of myeloblasts and promyelocytes with nucleoli present in the MDS was significantly greater than that of the control group. The number of promyelocytes with nucleoli was significantly higher in the primary MDS with respect to the secondary ones, whereas no significant difference was seen between the two types of MDS regarding the myeloblast count. CONCLUSIONS: The increased number of central immature precursor cells in MDS was not directly correlated with the extent of the juxtatrabecular fibrosis. Although the number of cases is small, the fact that the juxtatrabecular fibrosis was higher in the two deceased patients in the series (49% and 56%, respectively) suggests a poor-risk prognosis for such finding.

Anemia, Refractory↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative evaluation of brain distribution and blood-brain barrier efflux transport of probenecid in rats by microdialysis: possible involvement of the monocarboxylic acid transport system.

This study was performed to evaluate quantitatively the brain distribution and the efflux transport across the blood-brain barrier of probenecid, using in vivo microdialysis and in situ brain perfusion techniques. The brain interstitial fluid (ISF)-to-plasma cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma and brain tissue-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios of probenecid at steady state were less than unity, which suggests restricted distribution in the brain. An uphill concentration gradient from ISF to plasma and a downhill concentration gradient from CSF to ISF were observed. Kinetic analysis revealed that the efflux clearance from brain ISF to plasma (0.0373 ml/min/g brain) was significantly greater than the influx clearance from plasma to brain (0.00733 ml/min/g brain). The ratio of the ISF concentration (Cisf) to the plasma unbound concentration (Cp,f) of probenecid was increased 2- to 3-fold by salicylate (3.7 mM) and benzoate (3.6 mM), which are accepted as substrates of the monocarboxylic acid transport system, compared with the same ratio for the control. In addition, the ratio Cisf/Cp,f was increased by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide, a sulfhydryl-modifying agent, whereas p-aminohippuric acid and choline did not produce increasing effects on Cisf/Cp,f. These data suggest that the restricted distribution of probenecid in the brain may be ascribed to efficient efflux from the brain ISF, which may be regulated by the monocarboxylic acid transport system at a relatively high ISF concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of calcinogenic plants--qualitative and quantitative evaluation].

Different research methods demonstrated the presence of variable quantities of Vitamin D as well as its metabolites in calcinogenic plants. Most of the experiments indicated that the active component most probably should be the metabolite 1,25 (OH)2D3 linked as a glycoside. By this research it was achieved to evaluate the presence of elements with Vitamin D-like activity in the calcinogenic plants Solanum malacoxylon, Cestrum diurnum, Trisetum flavescens and Nierembergia veitchii by testing different extracts of the above plants by oral application to rachitic chicks within the research model "Strontium added Alimentation". After the oral administration of the extracts, the serum was analysed to determine the level of the elements calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. The results gained with chicks demonstrated the presence of substances with Vitamin D-like activity in the 4 plants. Solanum malacoxylon and Cestrum diurnum as well contained substances of hydrosoluble character with elevated activity which was indicated by the significant high levels of calcium and phosphorus combined with a reduced activity of the alkaline phosphatase. This indicated the presence of 1,25 (OH)2D3 in both plants. The hydrosoluble character of the active substance in both plants is most probably explained as a compound of the metabolite 1,25 (OH)2D3, combined as a glycoside in the position O-25 of the molecule. Nierembergia veitchii and Trisetum flavescens contained only minor concentration of elements with hydrosoluble characteristics. The results of the 4 analysed plants were evaluated quantitatively as follows: Solanum malycoxylon--82,800 IU of Vitamin D/kg, Cestrum diurnum--63,200 IU of Vitamin D/kg, Nierembergia veitchii--16,400 IU/kg and Trisetum flavescens 12,000 Vitamin D IU/kg. All concentrations are calcinogenic.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Measurement of the mechanical condition of articular cartilage with an ultrasonic probe: quantitative evaluation using wavelet transformation.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new diagnostic technology to evaluate articular cartilage quantitatively by introducing an ultrasonic probe into the knee joint under arthroscopy and analyzing the A-mode echogram by means of wavelet transformation. DESIGN: Quantitative evaluation using comparison of two indices on the wavelet map and macroscopic evaluation using the Outerbridge classification. As the quantitative indices on the wavelet map, the maximum magnitude and the echo duration which was defined as the length of time that included 95% of echo signal were selected. BACKGROUND: Quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage in situ is required for new tissue-engineered cartilage but an evaluation system that fully meets this requirement has yet to be established for clinical use. METHODS: Human articular cartilage specimens were analyzed using an ultrasonic probe after macroscopic evaluation and the cartilage characteristics on the echo duration-maximum magnitude graph were examined. RESULTS: There were significant differences between grade 1 and 3, and grade 2 and 3 in the echo duration and maximum magnitude. The cartilage specimens had a L-shaped distribution in echo duration-maximum magnitude graph. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the new quantitative evaluation system of the articular cartilage in situ and a clinical trial under arthroscopy is presently underway. The ultrasonic measurement is highly reproducible, so we can expect this system to be suitable for in situ reliable examination under arthroscopy. RELEVANCE: Precise evaluation of articular cartilage is of particular importance for longitudinal clinical trials for determination of best surgical option or effect of new chondroprotective drugs in arthritic disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of chemical mutagens on mammalian spermatogenesis. A quantitative evaluation].

A quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis in mice and rats has shown that the response of various germ cells to cytotoxic effects of Dipin or NMU differs. The spermatogonial compartment consisting of actively proliferating cells and some stem cells are the main targets for these drugs. The advanced I order spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa proved to be less susceptible. Species specific differences have been established in the character of destructive and restorative processes during spermatogenesis.

Animals↗