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PubMed1999

Boredom proneness and psychosocial development.

The effect of boredom proneness as measured by the Boredom Proneness Scale (R. F. Farmer & N. D. Sundberg, 1986) on college students' psychosocial development was investigated via the Student Developmental Task and Lifestyle Assessment (SDTLA; R. B. Winston, T. K. Miller, & J. S. Prince, 1995). Low boredom-prone students had significantly higher scores on the following SDTLA measures: career planning, lifestyle planning, peer relationships, educational involvement, instrumental autonomy, emotional autonomy, interdependence, academic autonomy, and salubrious lifestyle. Gender differences on boredom proneness and psychosocial development measures are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The Thompson-Patterson Scale of Psychosocial Development: I. Theoretical basis.

This paper presents a theoretical framework for describing childhood psychopathology in terms of coping styles and introduces a scale to measure psychosocial development in young children. It is hypothesized that coping styles characteristic of specific stages of development evolve in a predictable sequence with treatment. The term coping style rather than disorder is used to reflect the opinion that the child's behaviour constitutes an attempt to find a solution to difficulties encountered during the normal course of psychosocial development. These styles of relating are not static. The coping styles are presumed to arise from partial blocks to normal development during the period of early attachment and separation and individuation. A computer scored behaviour rating instrument, the Thompson-Patterson Scale, allows for the determination of the child's predominant coping style at a particular point in time. Clinical work and research has shown the utility of this paradigm and supports the hypothesis that changes in pathological behaviour patterns which emerge during treatment are predictable.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

The effect of ostomy surgery between the ages of 6 and 12 years on psychosocial development during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ostomy surgery performed between the ages of 6 and 12 years on psychosocial development during subsequent childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. DESIGN: Ethnographic. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Six women and 4 men (mean age 30.7 years) who responded to a notice in a chapter newsletter of the United Ostomy Association. METHODS: Spradley's Ethnographic interview format was used for this study. One interview was conducted with each informant over a 4-week period, and a second, more detailed interview was conducted with 2 subjects who were identified as key informants. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and the transcripts were analyzed to detect shared patterns in the informants' language. INSTRUMENTS: The Ethnograph computer software program was used as an aid in analyzing the interview transcripts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The informants' subjective experiences during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. RESULTS: Nine of the 10 informants adjusted well in the first years after surgery. Key factors in good adjustment were support from family and a perception of "normalcy," including managing one's own ostomy care. All informants reported that their ostomy had a negative impact on their lives during adolescence and that they would have appreciated contact with other teens facing the same dilemma. The age at which an informant underwent ostomy surgery did not influence the difficulties reported during adolescence. CONCLUSION: Ostomy surgery performed between the ages of 6 and 12 years can have long-term effects on psychosocial development. Nurses should promote normalization, teach self-care of the ostomy as soon as possible after surgery, and refer children and parents to mutual support groups as appropriate.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Neuroticism, anxiety and psychosocial development.

The current study investigated the relationship between resolution of Eriksonian crises and neuroticism and trait anxiety. Eighty-eight undergraduate students completed Constantinople's (1969) Inventory of Psychosocial Development (IPD), the Neuroticism scale from H.J. Eysenck & S.B.G. Eysenck's (1975) EPQ, and Spielberger et al.'s (1970) A-Trait scale. Correlations for both males and females were strongly significant and in the expected direction. Successful resolution of Eriksonian crises was negatively related to maladjustment, as successful resolvers had low anxiety and neuroticism scores. The relationship between adjustment and psychosocial development is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Parenting and psychosocial development of IVF children: a follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: This report details a follow-up study of the parent-child relationship and the child's psychosocial development after IVF. The pilot study compared 31 IVF families and 31 families with a naturally conceived child when the children were aged 2 years. Twenty-seven IVF and 23 control families participated again when the children were aged 8-9 years. METHODS: Fathers and mothers completed questionnaires assessing parenting variables and the child's behaviour. For most children, behavioural ratings were also obtained from the child's teacher. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between IVF and control parents' reports of child behaviour, parenting behaviour, parenting stress and most of the parenting goals. The parenting goal adjustment was significantly more important for IVF than for control fathers; religion was more important for IVF than for naturally conceiving mothers. Teacher ratings of the child's behaviour did not differ significantly between the IVF and control groups. All couples but one had talked to other persons about the IVF conception; 75% of the IVF parents had not yet informed their children. IVF parents who had informed their child observed more (internalizing and for fathers also overall) problem behaviours in their child, compared with IVF parents who had not yet disclosed the IVF conception. CONCLUSIONS: Parenting and the children's psychosocial development do not differ significantly between IVF families and control families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of psychosocial development and life events on the health practices of adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine variables believed to contribute to healthy life-styles of adults. Psychosocial development and the presence of stressors (i.e., life changes) were selected for the potential contribution they make to the practice of health behaviors of adults. Psychosocial theory of development and theory of human adaptation provided the conceptual framework that guided the investigation. Using a survey design, three self-report instruments were mailed to 216 potential subjects. The study participants (N = 156) were employees (current or retired) of a large midwestern university ranging in age from 24 to 80. The results revealed that the means for each stage of psychosocial development were at the upper end of the scale. Positive resolution of intimacy, the stage of early adulthood, was more strongly correlated with the health practices than the remaining seven stages, and four of the stages were significantly associated with the practice of healthy behaviors. Exposure to stressors as measured by life changes increased the predictive values of two of the subscales of the total health behaviors score, nutrition and safety. Stressors and their impact did not, in general, lend strength to the predictive value of healthy life-styles.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The war experiences and psychosocial development of children in Lebanon.

This study examines the number and types of war traumas children face growing up in a war-torn country and the relation of such traumatic experiences to their psychosocial development. A sample of 224 Lebanese children (10-16 years old) were interviewed using measures of war exposure, mental health symptoms, adaptational outcomes, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The number and type of children's war traumas varied meaningfully in number and type by their age, gender, father's occupational status, and mother's educational level. As predicted, the number of war traumas experienced by a child was positively related to PTSD symptoms; and various types of war traumas were differentially related to PTSD, mental health symptoms, and adaptational outcomes. For example, children who were exposed to multiple war traumas, were bereaved, became victims of violent acts, witnessed violent acts, and/or were exposed to shelling or combat exhibited more PTSD symptoms. Children who were separated from parents reported more depressive symptoms and children who experience bereavement and were not displaced reported more planful behavior. Lastly, children who were separated from parents and who witnessed violent acts reported more prosocial behavior. Implications for program interventions and directions for future research on the effects of war on the psychosocial development of children are explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychosocial development in adulthood: a 22-year sequential study.

Data supporting the notion of adult personality stability are challenged by the present findings, in which developmental change was demonstrated using the Eriksonian-stage-based Inventory of Psychosocial Development (IPD; Constantinople, 1969). A sequential design over the ages 20-42 was used on 2 cohorts of college students and alumni originally tested in 1966 and 1976-1977 (ns in 1988 = 99 and 83, respectively), and a 3rd cohort of college students in 1988-1989 (n = 292). Results of longitudinal, cross-sectional, and sequential analyses challenged ideas about personality stability, with evidence of increasingly favorable resolutions of the early Eriksonian psychosocial stages up through the oldest age studied. There was evidence of a trend over the past decade toward less favorable resolution of ego integrity versus despair. The findings were interpreted in terms of developmental change processes during the adult years interacting with culturally based environmental effects on psychosocial development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychosocial development of children with hemangiomas: home, school, health care collaboration.

Hemangiomas are among the most common neoplasms of childhood and often found on the face, head, and neck. In a society that places great importance on physical appearance, sustaining a hemangioma can significantly influence the psychosocial development of children. The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss the etiology of hemangiomas and provide practical suggestions for educators, health care professionals, and parents to foster the psychosocial development of children with a hemangioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Developing psychosocial aftercare for children surviving cancer and their families.

More children than ever are surviving childhood cancer. However, the medical and psychosocial consequences of their longer survival are becoming clear for former patients and their families, underlining the need for aftercare. Whereas the need for medical follow-up programs is widely recognized, psychosocial aftercare is still in its infancy. This paper presents a systematic approach to developing psychosocial aftercare based on evidence from research studies. First, the family member most in need of aftercare is identified. Research findings indicate that the child surviving cancer is most seriously affected by the cancer experience, followed by mothers and fathers, whereas siblings are least affected. Accordingly, former patients and parents should be the primary target groups. Second, different types of interventions need to be developed based on the nature of the problems of the target groups and the individual's level of adjustment. Finally, psychosocial aftercare programs need to demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing late effects and improving the quality of life after treatment ends. If our aim is to cure the child truly of cancer, than the development of psychosocial aftercare, its clinical application, and evaluation of its effectiveness will be the challenge for paediatric psycho-oncology in years to come.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Early parental separation and the psychosocial development of daughters 6-9 years old.

The relationship of timing of early parental separation to psychosocial development of daughters was examined in 77 girls, 6-9 years of age over a four-year period. Disruptive behavior across contexts was prevalent in girls separated between birth and two years of age. Girls separated between three and five years of age showed more externalizing behavior problems, but only in school. Results suggest that early parental separation has more pervasive and stable negative effects on psychosocial adjustment of girls in this age group in single-parent families. Implications of the findings and directions for research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Relations between early childhood care arrangements and college students' psychosocial development and academic performance.

Associations were explored between early substitute care and white middle-class college students' psychosocial development and academic performance. One set of analyses explored associations with the amount of substitute care experienced throughout early childhood (infancy and at ages 2 and 4) and college students' development; another set explored associations between amount of substitute care during infancy (none, part-time, or full-time). Substitute care experience during infancy alone did not differentiate students on the Erikson Psychosocial Inventory Scale (EPSI). There were some near-significant differences on the EPSI among students in different child care arrangements throughout early childhood, but these did not present a consistent pattern. Students' care experience also did not predict the number of extra-curricular activities in which they were presently involved or whether they chose people- or thing-oriented academic majors. However, no day care in infancy followed by full-time day care at ages 2 and 4 was the best predictor of above-average high school academic achievement, and part-time care throughout infancy and early childhood was the best predictor of average high school academic achievement.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

The mid-life transition: a period in adult psychosocial development.

For the past nine years my colleagues and I have been working on a theory of adult psychosocial development in men (Levinson et al., 1974, 1977; Levinson, 1977). We have started some research on women (Stewart, 1977), but it is too early yet to report definitive theory or findings. Our aim is to encompass the many components of a man's life-all of his relationships with individuals, groups, and institutions that have significance for him. The components of life include his occupation and its evolution over the years, his love relationships, marriage, and family life, his various other roles and careers in numerous social contexts. This psychosocial approach includes the man's personality and the ways in which it influences and is influenced by the evolution of his careers in occupation, family, and other systems. The resulting theory is not a theory of personality development, nor of occupational development, nor of development in any single aspect of living. It deals, rather, with the development of the individual life in the broadest sense, encompassing all of these segments. This theory provides a context within which we can study in more detail the development of personality and of particular careers. I shall briefly describe the developmental periods we discovered in early and middle adulthood, giving major emphasis to one period, the Mid-life Transition. Like childhood and adolescence, these periods are found in the lives of all men. Of ourse, men traverse them in myriad ways, as a result of differences in class, ethnicity, personality, and other factors. My primary aim is to present some of our major concepts, hypotheses, findings, and ways of thinking about adult development. None of them have been fully validated. Together, they comprise a framework for the analysis of adult development. No doubt the theory will be modified an extended as a result of further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Psychosocial development and premorbid skeletal growth in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a study of nineteen patients.

We studied psychosocial development and skeletal growth in 19 newly diagnosed patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). Eleven patients had problems in visuospatial skills and five of 12 school-aged children had learning difficulties. The growth velocity of the patients was evaluated from 4 years before until 2 years after the diagnosis was made. Eight patients had a catch-up growth with +1.2 (0.9-1.7) delta SDS score (SDS: mean and ranges) before the diagnosis. Four patients with short stature and retarded bone age slightly diminished their growth velocity. Overnight serum growth hormone (GH) concentration and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were examined in the first nine consecutive patients. One patient had a high and another had a low mean GH concentration level, whereas all patients had IGF-I levels within normal limits. These results suggest that different kinds of growth disturbances may be associated with LCPD.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parental socialization styles and psychosocial development in 16 to 19 year old adolescents].

To study relationships between perceptions that 16 to 19 year old adolescents have about socialization styles and disciplinary methods used by their parents, with their view of the world, interpersonal relations, moral development, use of psychotropic substances and maladjusted behaviours, 241 adolescents--123 males--which belong to a follow up study on growth and development from northern metropolitan Santiago, Chile, were asked to answer a questionary of psychosocial development, previously elaborated by two of the authors (GS and CA). The most used socialization styles by these fathers and mothers were the negative power one (39.2% and 38.5%) and the inductive one (23.8% and 30.0%), while permissive styles occurred at much lower frequency (1.5% and 1.1%). Coincidence among parents in socialization styles was found in 47.7% and disagreement in 19.2% of cases. The inductive style and coincidence in it's use by both parents, were frequently associated to idealistic world views, autonomous and conventional moral development, satisfactory interpersonal relationships and low frequency of psychotropic consumption, and maladjusted behaviours while negative power based styles by both parents and disagreement of styles among them were rather related to realistic or negative world view, preconventional moral development, higher frequency of relational problems, psychotropic consumption and maladjusted behaviours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of personality and psychosocial development of adolescent patients in relation to family dysfunction].

The aim of the study was to analyse an individual psychosocial development and personality of adolescents in relation to family dysfunction. 36 patients who committed suicide attempt treated at the Department of Clinical Toxicology Jagiellonian University Medical College in 2004 and 2005 were included. The Adjective Check List (ACL) by H.G. Gough and A.B. Heilbrun was used. The parents of each of the adolescents were interviewed and responded to questions according to special author's designed Questionnaire. Some phenomenon who can influence the personality and may be recognised as a predictors of suicide attempt were found in most of the examined patients. Prophylactic and therapeutic programs for individual patient and his family member should be constructed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

[Catamnestic surveys on somato-psychosocial development in childhood and adolescence of patients with unipolar depressive and bipolar manic-depressive psychoses].

The somatic and psychosocial development of 80 subjects with manifest affective-phasic psychoses is studied retrospectively and compared with that of an identically sized control group consisting of neuropsychiatrically healthy subjects. Statistically significant differences were found particularly in the answers to questions dealing with social situation and social adaptability. Achievement at school and vocational qualifications were lower among the parents of the patients than among those of the healthy subjects. Characteristic features of the patients' childhood and adolescence were transient depression, often for no apparent cause, and maladaption, and vocational wishes were fulfilled less often than among the controls. The patients experienced greater difficulty in settling in to a new group due to their contact difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Psychosexual and psychosocial development of patients with hypospadias].

Recently results were published concerning the long-term effects of surgical correction of hypospadias on psychosexual and psychosocial development and on genital perception. Hypospadias patients (9-38 years) were compared with age-matched males operated for inguinal hernia. A semi-structured interview and standardised psychological questionnaires were used. Hypospadias patients did not show a disturbed psychosexual adjustment, but they reported significantly more inhibitions with seeking sexual contacts as a result of embarrassment about their penile appearance. Also, hypospadias patients were significantly less satisfied with their penile appearance, mostly because of the circumcised appearance and a smaller length. No differences were found between psychosocial functioning of hypospadias patients and the control males. Following the investigations 8% of the patients were reoperated because of a poor functional or cosmetic operative result. It is recommended that all hypospadias patients be seen at least once during adolescence as a standard therapeutic procedure, to give optimal care to the small group of patients with psychosexual or psychosocial problems.

Adolescent↗