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Results for “Psychosexual Development”

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PubMed1975

Visual inhibitions of automobile driving.

Three patients in psychotherapy who were symptomatically unable to drive automobiles also gave histories of having been afflicted with oculomotor disorders in childhood. This calls attention to the previously undiscussed visual dimension of automobile driving, which is considered in general terms. The specific question of an inhibition of visual function resulting in avoidance of automobile driving is then raised, and a case illustration given in which the attachment of sexual and aggressive meanings to the act of looking was important in the formation of an automobile driving symptom. The particular impact of ocular deviation on early psychosexual development is explored, using the clinical material as a point of departure.

Aggression↗
PubMed1977

Sex differences in psychoanalytic treatment.

Sex sterotypes, clinical observations, and psychoanalytic theory of sex differences are presented. Stereotypes show differences in areas of inhibition and clinical observations, differences related to the phallic and genital phases in psychosexual development. Divergent analytical views on the sexual development of boys and girls are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Dependence and psychotherapy--developmental considerations.

This article illustrates how the assessment of the level and degree of dependency in psychotherapy can be used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Dependency varies with the stage of psychosexual development, with the degree and state of illness, and with the stage of treatment. Appropriate monitoring of this factor promotes optimal growth potential in the patient.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1975

Sleep-related penile tumescence as a function of age.

The authors conducted a study of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) in 125 healthy males aged 3 to 79 by means of EEG recordings to provide normative data on how general the phenomenon is, its range of charateristics, and how it is related to man's sexual function. The results indicate that NPT occurs consistently in a healthy male population, that its expression is significantly affected by age, that it is related to stage of psychosexual development, and that it is worthy of further investigation. Clinical experience indicates that it is a useful, objective method of discriminating among various types of biogenic and psychogenic impotence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Gender identity conflicts in adolescents as motivation for suicide.

One of the motivational factors for suicide in adolescents is examined in light of gender identity issues and conflicts. It is proposed that difficulties in the formation of a cohesive gender identity are related to the adolescent's motivation to attempt suicide. This paper makes use of Fast's (1984) distinction between "event-centered" and "self-centered" experiences in order to explore problems in the formation of gender identity with reference to regression to earlier stages of psychosexual development. Physiological changes and regressive pull may lead the adolescent to the "event-centered" mode of experience. Thus one minor event may become the focus of the adolescent's gender and self identities. The adolescent may then have regressive omnipotent fantasies of being able to change gender identity through suicidal acts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual behavior in adolescent and adult females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

As part of a comprehensive interview study, 34 female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) plus 14 control sisters (ages 11-41 yr.) reported on their psychosexual development and sexual orientation (90 items). Fewer patients than sisters had ever experienced love relationships and sexual activities with male partners (p < 0.05 to 0.001). Twenty percent of the patients and none of the sisters wished for and/or had had homosexual relationships; in the patients > 21 yr 44% expressed this interest (p < 0.07). For most items, patients with the salt-wasting variant of CAH (SW) differed more clearly from the sisters than the simple-virilizing patients (SV). For two scales "indicating" homosexual (HOM) and heterosexual orientation (HET) and for two indices of HOM/HET differences), the patients also revealed relatively stronger homosexual and/or weaker heterosexual interests than the sisters (p < 0.05 to 0.001). Here, too, the SW/sister differences were more clear-cut. These results corroborate earlier reports on both delays in reaching psychosexual milestones and increased rates of bisexual/homosexual fantasies and experiences in CAH women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Psychosexual aspects of the panic-fear personality types in asthma.

Numerous earlier studies have demonstrated the close relationship between MMPI Panic-Fear categories and various medical outcome measures in asthma. The present study relates MMPI Panic-Fear categories to psychosexual development. Specifically, High Panic-Fear patients demonstrate oral preoccupations, Low Panic-Fear patients demonstrate anal preoccupations, while Moderate Panic-Fear patients do not demonstrate pre-Oedipal preoccupations. Thus, MMPI Panic-Fear categories, useful in predicting medical outcome measures, have now been related to developmental levels, with the explanatory power of developmental concepts as well as their implications for psychological treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Developmental profile of 200 male and 100 female transsexuals in Singapore.

Two hundred male and 100 female transsexuals compared with 100 male and 80 female heterosexuals were studied in Singapore. Transsexuals started their psychosexual development earlier than controls. Transsexual feelings started in childhood. Male transsexuals went through a homosexual phase followed by a transvestite phase, before they became transsexual. Female transsexuals did not go through distinct phases. Cross-dressing was one of the early signs of transsexualism and started earlier in females. None of the transsexuals were married, in contrast to reports showing that up to 50% of Caucasian transsexuals had been married. Cultural differences may explain the contrasts between Singapore transsexuals and patients from Western countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[New views on the significance and treatment of undescended testis (author's transl)].

Undescended testis is of clinical importance because there are increased risks of milignancy and torsion and disturbances of fertility and psychosexual development. New quantitative morphologic investigations show that human prepubertal testicular maturation does not occur in phases but is continuous. This made it necessary to investigate afresh the causes of disturbance of fertility and the treatment of indescended testis. Our own investigations show that damage to the germ epithelium need not be congenital but may develop because of its ectopy. If, in dogs, a testis is placed into the abdomen, not only this but also the normally placed testis in the scrotum is damaged. The diameter of the tubules and their surfaces as well as the numbers of pachtenous primary spermatocytes are significantly reduced both in the displaced and the normally placed testis. Nuclear surfaces and density of the cells involved in spermatogenesis differ from those in the controls. The findings support the plea for early hormonal or surgical treatment in order to prevent later disturbances of fertility.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Negative attitudes toward masturbation in sex therapy.

The incidence of masturbation in males and females as reported by Kinsey was cited as basic data to support Gagnon and Simon's theoretical conceptions of differences in the psychosexual development of males and females. The use of masturbation as treatment in sex therapy was reviewed. An inventory to measure negative attitudes toward masturbation was described, and four research studies supporting its construct validity was summarized. The affective-cognitive structure of masturbation-guilt was posited to inhibit masturbatory behavior and to elicit negative affects such as guilt and disgust as a consequence of masturbation. The use of the inventory measuring negative attitudes toward masturbation was illustrated using the P-LI-SS-IT model. Intensive therapy from a gestalt sex therapy perspective was illustrated as integrating the negative masturbatory schema into self-regulating awareness-expression cycles. A caution to sex therapists alerted them to the importance of awareness of emotions, fantasy, and sociosexual meanings in sex therapy rather than using masturbation as a packaged technique.

Affect↗
PubMed1990

[Sex determination in ambiguous genitalia].

Choice of sex in children with ambiguous genitalia requires morphological evaluation of external and internal genitalia together with prevision of the kind of pubertal and psychosexual development. Female features in female pseudohermaphroditism, ambiguous in true hermaphroditism and mixed gonadal dysgenesis, male, ambiguous or female in male pseudohermaphroditism, are usually awaited. Increased risk of malignancy in poorly differentiated male gonads should be considered. In neonates diagnostic procedures should be urgently undertaken in order to choose correct sex as soon as possible. Parents must be convinced from the beginning in order to remove any possible doubt. There should be no change in sex, as a rule, after the second year of life, unless a strong psychosexuality arises in definite opposition to the sex so far assumed. In our experience, in 4 out of 23 cases with ambiguous genitalia, neonatal choice of female sex was refused by parents.

Disorders of Sex Development↗
PubMed1977

Clinical assessment of a profession: Roman Catholic clergymen.

The present study investigated the personality of the American Catholic priest by means of clinical procedures. It is based on a national, randomly selected, representative sample. Recorded 2-hour clinical interview plus a battery of standardized as well as specially designed psychological tests were administered to 271 Ss. A clinical report was written for each priest based on all the interview data. Four categories or types of classification were devised to describe and to distinguish the priests along a continuum of soci-psychological development: maldeveloped (8%), underdeveloped (57%), developing (29%), and developed (6%).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Gynecological remarks on the problem of the artificial vagina (author's transl)].

Accurate differentiation of the pathologic state must precede surgical construction of an artificial vagina. Moreover, it is necessary to know whether a uterus is present and whether the psychosexual development of the patient is female. Differential diagnosis is concerned with various forms of intersexuality, especially aplasia and atresia of the vagina. Relevant cases are reported. The author prefers the McIndoe operation, because of its low risk. If the patient has a uterus (i.e. women with AGS with complete masculinization or women with atresia of the vagina) more effective operations should be done, as intercourse and conception are possible after surgery in these women.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1992

A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse.

The existing literature on the long-term sequelae of child sexual abuse is reviewed. The evidence suggests that sexual abuse is an important problem with serious long-term sequelae; but the specific effects of sexual abuse, independent of force, threat of force, or such family variables as parental psychopathology, are still to be clarified. Adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse show greater evidence of sexual disturbance or dysfunction, homosexual experiences in adolescence or adulthood, depression, and are more likely than nonabused women to be revictimized. Anxiety, fear, and suicidal ideas and behavior have also been associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse but force and threat of force may be a necessary concomitant. As yet, there is insufficient evidence to confirm a relation between a history of childhood sexual abuse and a postsexual abuse syndrome and multiple or borderline personality disorder. Male victims of child sexual abuse show disturbed adult sexual functioning. The relation between age of onset of abuse and outcome is still equivocal. Greater long-term harm is associated with abuse involving a father or stepfather and abuse involving penetration. Longer duration is associated with greater impact, and the use of force or threat of force is associated with greater harm.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Differential effects of women's child sexual abuse and subsequent sexual revictimization.

This study examines the differential effects of sexual revictimization in a community sample of 248 African-American and White American women, ages 18 to 36. Two classifications of sexual revictimization over the life course were used to assess the effects on later sexual and psychological functioning. The findings suggest that unintended pregnancies and abortions were significantly associated with sexual revictimization. Women who reported more than one incident in both childhood and adulthood were also likely to have multiple partnerships and brief sexual relationships. The findings are discussed within the context of the dynamics of sexual revictimization and its effects. Suggestions are offered for therapeutic strategies with survivors in order to minimize the effects of sexual revictimization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of incest on self and social functioning: a developmental psychopathology perspective.

The effects of child sexual abuse have become a leading concern of mental health service providers. Despite an explosion of studies, one major difficulty in this research is the lack of a developmentally sensitive model for conceptualizing short- and long-term effects and continuity and discontinuity of effects over time. This article proposes a model based in the perspective of developmental psychopathology. It is argued that incest has its unique negative effects in the domains of self and social functioning, specifically in jeopardizing self-definition and integration, self-regulatory processes, and a sense of security and trust in relationships. Studies with clinical samples indicate that diagnostic conditions associated uniquely with a history of incest reflect serious self- and social impairments. A review of the developmental literature on self and social development summarizes each major developmental transition from infancy to middle adulthood, and the implications for the negative effects of incest on development are discussed. Finally, implications for developmentally sensitive research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Do parent-child relationships change during puberty?

This article reviews changes in parent-child relationships during puberty, emphasizing the developmental processes that might be implicated in these changes. Evidence suggests increases in conflict and less warm interactions in relationships between parents and children during puberty. Changes are assumed to be short term, although little longitudinal research has directly addressed the issue of long-lasting effects. Other developmental changes occurring for the adolescent, the parent, or both (such as social cognitive or self-definitional change), as well as other relationship changes, personality characteristics, and the sheer number of life events or transitions have all been posited as potential contributors to changes in the parent-child relationship for young adolescents. These possible contributors, however, have seldom been studied in conjunction with pubertal changes. Such integrative research is necessary to test various models through which puberty, social relationships, social cognitive, self-definitional, and other processes influence one another and are influenced by one another during the transition to adolescence.

Adolescent↗