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PubMed1999

Genetic differentiation of mites of the genus Chorioptes (Acari: Psoroptidae).

In an effort to clarify the species status of mites of the genus Chorioptes the second internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene was characterized in 14 isolates from cattle, horse, sheep and llama of different geographic origins. The genotypes segregated into two clearly separated groups of DNA sequences. In addition, two phenotypes could be distinguished by the lengths of the outer opisthosomal setae of male adults which had previously been designated as Chorioptes bovis and Chorioptes texanus. The bipartite division of genotypes and phenotypes correlated completely in all isolates. Nine out of ten cattle isolates from three continents were determined to be C. texanus including the first description in Europe and Northern America. Chorioptes texanus appears to have a wider geographic distribution than previously known. Chorioptes bovis was found in four different host species. The apparent lack of host specificity of both species implicates a potential that mites are dispersed freely in a wide range of hosts and this might have contributed to the wide geographic distribution of these species.

Acari↗
PubMed1999

Chorioptic mange (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in domestic and wild ruminants in Israel.

In a 20-year-survey, 9364 dairy cattle in 324 herds kept under a zero-grazing management, 1252 beef cattle in 46 herds grazing all the year round, 3347 sheep in 134 herds (only 26 are grazing herds), and 872 goats in 47 herds (only 20 are grazing) were examined. The mites collected from cattle were identified as Chorioptes texanus only, and those from sheep, goats and gazelles were identified as C. bovis. Chorioptic mange was not diagnozed in grazing beef cattle, ibexes and housed animals (as compared to grazing herds), and in rams and billy goats. Holstein-Israeli bulls kept in insemination centres were not clinically infested, whereas four Charolais bulls were infested with chorioptic mange. Infestation rate was higher in older animals than in younger ones. Hoggets and young goats over 10 months and heifers over 13 months were found clinically infested with Choriopic mites. Lesions were not usually extensive and occurred mainly in predilection sites. The ocular form in sheep and the groin form in goats are very uncommon and apparently are reported for the first time. Chorioptic mange was recorded generally throughout the year. In our study seasonal distribution could not be demonstrated in cattle, while in sheep and goats the highest infestation rate occurred in February to March and the lowest in August and September.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

Species of the genus Psoroptes (Acari: Psoroptidae): a taxonomic consideration.

The biosystematic status of mite species belonging to the genus Psoroptes Gervais, 1841 is difficult to determine by phenotypic methods and has been subject to taxonomic revisions and ongoing debate. At present, the existence of five species, P cuniculi (Delafond, 1859), P. ovis (Hering, 1838). P. equi (Hering, 1838), P. cervinus Ward, 1915 and P. natalensis Hirst, 1919, is generally accepted. This classification is based mainly on the host species, the localization of the mites on their hosts and morphological characters of male mites. However, a critical review of the literature indicates that the features used to discriminate between the five species are not unequivocal: (a) the localization of mite populations on host animals is not completely strict, (b) the lengths of the outer opisthosomal setae of male mites, which are the main morphological features used for species discrimination, overlap between the five postulated species, and (c) host specificity cannot be deduced from results of transfer experiments. Rather, conspecificity of the members of the genus Psoroptes has to be presumed which is supported by molecular genetic analyses. On these grounds and on rules of priority P. cervinus Ward, 1915, P. cuniculi (Delafond, 1859), P. natalensis Hirst, 1919 and P. ovis (Hering, 1838) are seen as synonyms of P. equi (Hering, 1838).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Taxonomic reconsideration of the genus Chorioptes Gervais and van Beneden, 1859 (Acari: Psoroptidae).

The present review of the literature on mites of the genus Chorioptes Gervais and Van Beneden, 1859 argues for a support of the validity of C. bovis (Hering, 1845) and C. texanus Hirst, 1924 based on biological, morphological and molecular genetic studies. However, the validity of three further species. C. crewei Lavoipierre, 1958, C. mydaus Fain, 1975 and C. panda Fain and Leclerc, 1975, is regarded as questionable because discriminations of mites, which were described as isolated cases only, were based on morphological features while transfer or cross-breeding studies were not done.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Observations on the potential for natural transfer of Psoroptes cuniculi and Chorioptes bovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) between goats and sheep.

Goats and sheep were pastured together and held in close contact in yards twice a month for 21 months. The goats had a high prevalence of both the rabbit ear canker mite, Psoroptes cuniculi and the chorioptic mange mite, Chorioptes bovis. The sheep were not infested with P. cuniculi at the beginning of the study and viable C. bovis could not be detected. At no time during the study did P. cuniculi establish in the ears of sheep, despite a maximum prevalence of >95% P. cuniculi in goats. This may have been related to the viscous nature of sheep cerumen. Levels of cerumen in goats' ears increased with increasing prevalence of the mite in the flock. The prevalence of C. bovis in the sheep flock did not exceed 10%, despite a maximum prevalence of >90% infested goats. The difficulty of detecting light infestations of mites means that it was not clear whether the C. bovis infestation of sheep was derived from goats or was present when the study began. Whatever the source, close contact with goats with an active and extensive C. bovis infestation seems unlikely to seriously influence populations of the ectoparasite in sheep. Psoroptes cuniculi was found to he established in goats as young as five days and post-mortem examination of goats' ears was more successful at revealing P. cuniculi than was use of an otoscope during life.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Chorioptes bovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in some camelids from Dutch zoos.

The feet of three two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus), one lama (Lama glama) and four alpacas (Lama pacos) from zoos and a circus in the Netherlands were examined for the mange-mite Choroptes bovis. Mites were found on two of the camels, the lama, and three of the alpacas. On one camel and one alpaca small mange lesions on the feet were present. This is the first report of Chorioptes bovis and chorioptic mange in the two-humped camel.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The incidence of Chorioptes bovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) on the feet of horses, sheep, and goats in the Netherlands.

The feet of horses, sheep, and goats of different breeds and from many different localities were examined for Chorioptes bovis. In horses, mites were mainly found in the Belgian and Frisian breeds (40% and 62% infected, respectively). In sheep and goats, respectively 63% and 86% were infected. In horses as well as in sheep and goats, mange-lesions were rarely seen. A number of sheep and goats were examined for mites and lesions quantitatively. In sheep all mites were restricted to the region close to the accessory digits and the claws. In goats the average number of mites was higher than in sheep, and mites could be found on all locations of the feet at least as far as the carpal and tarsal joint. Both in sheep and goats the biggest density of mites was found just below the accessory digits. When crusts were present, they were generally small and hidden under the coat. In sheep, which were housed for a long period, crusts were seen more often and were more distinct than in pastured animals. A negative correlation between the number of mites and the presence and extensiveness of crusts was observed. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is suggested. From the results of this study it is clear that there is no necessity to list chorioptic mange in sheep and goats as a notifiable disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dexamethasone-induced bovine T-lymphocyte suppression and the effect upon susceptibility to sheep scab mite (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestation.

The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone was used to suppress bovine T-lymphocyte function. Dexamethasone-treated animals were challenged with Psoroptes ovis (Hering) to determine if the immunosuppressive treatment would normalize susceptibility to infestation. Dexamethasone suppressed T-lymphocyte function and anti-P. ovis antibody production, and delayed the onset of scab lesions. All animals were not equally susceptible to infestation as a result of dexamethasone treatment. These data further support the importance of anti-P. ovis antibody in colonization of cattle by P. ovis and the pathology associated with scab mite infestation.

Animals↗