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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cyclic AMP formation of isolated human corpora lutea in response to HCG - interference by PGF2 alpha.

Human corpora lutea of defined ages were excised at operation, cut into pieces and incubated in the presence of HCG, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 alone or in combination. Following incubation cAMP formation in tissue and medium was determined. HCG-stimulated tissue cAMP content was most pronounced at a corpus luteum age of 7-10 days after ovulation. This stimulation was antagonized by PGF2 alpha in corpora lutea older than 6 days. PGE2 stimulated cAMP formation per se and this effect was more pronounced when HCG and PGE2 were combined. A possible role for PGF2 alpha as a luteolytic substance in the human is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of the progesterone antagonist RU486 on human myometrial spontaneous contractility and PGI2 release.

We studied the effect of antiprogesterone RU 486 on spontaneous uterine contractility and PGI2 release with human myometrial strips superfused "in vitro". A decrease of PGI2 release into the superfusion medium was observed after 20 min superfusion. The inhibition was dose-dependent and reversible. After 20 min washing with tyrode medium without RU 486, the uterine strips recovered their initial rate of release. R5020, a progesterone agonist, did not affect PGI2 release nor dexamethasone and testosterone. Parallel to the decrease of PGI2 observed during RU 486 superfusion, the uterine spontaneous contraction frequency decreased, while the amplitude and duration of contractions increased. The alteration of uterine contractility was also rapid, dose-dependent and reversible. Modification of uterine strip spontaneous contractility, similar to those induced by RU 486, were also observed with superfusions of R5020 at concentrations as low as 10(-9)M, dexamethasone (10(-8)M), but not with superfusions of testosterone. These observations are not in favour of a progesterone-receptor mediated effect of RU 486 in our model. The mechanism of action may be related to the antiprogesterone specific structure i.e. the bulky substituent at the C-11 position. The RU 486 effect on uterine strip contractility, mimicked by other steroids, could point to a non-specific lipid/membrane interaction. However, the fact that testosterone did not affect motility, may indicate a possible specificity of steroids having a 3 oxo pregnene structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Peripheral plasma levels of prostaglandin metabolites, cortisol and prolactin in women undergoing falope ring application and tubal cautery.

The levels of 11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11 beta, 16 xi-cyclo PGE2 (bicyclo PGEM), 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF 2 alpha (PGFM), cortisol and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays in five serial plasma samples collected from fourteen patients undergoing falope ring application and three patients undergoing tubal electrocautery. Bicyclo PGEM, PGFM and cortisol levels were unchanged regardless of the type of tubal occlusion procedure or the type of anesthesia administered (7 received general and 10 local anesthesia). Prolactin levels, on the other hand, markedly increased. The increase was greatest in women that received general anesthesia. The lack of change in bicyclo PGEM and PGFM in peripheral plasma would suggest a local transfer of PGs produced by injured tubal tissue to other parts of the tube and the uterus resulting in increased contractions and pelvic pain.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1977

The effect of intrauterine progesterone treatment on the endometrial prostaglandin F content in the rabbit.

The effect on rabbit endometrial prostaglandin F caused by progesterone delivered directly to the uterus was investigated. Four groups of animals were used in the experiment: (1) no treatment (control); (2) an empty Silastic capsule (as an intrauterine device [IUD]) was inserted in one horn and the other horn was sham-operated; (3) a Silastic capsule releasing 150 microng of progesterone/day was placed in one horn and the other horn was sham-operated; (4) a Silastic capsule releasing progesterone was placed in one horn and the opposite horn received an empty Silastic capsule. In group 1, which received no treatment, no difference was noted. In group 2, the prostaglandin content of the horn containing an empty IUD was significantly higher than that of the sham-operated horn. In group 3, the same significant difference was noted between the prostaglandin content of the IUD-containing, progesterone-treated horn and the sham-operated horn. In group 4, no significant difference was observed between the horn containing an inert IUD and that containing a progesterone-releasing device. The addition of progesterone to an IUD does not significantly affect the elevated prostaglandin content of the endometrium caused by an inert IUD.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Nonpregnant women with a history of habitual abortion have normal and luteal function independent production of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2.

OBJECTIVE: To see if changes in prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production during early pregnancy in women with habitual abortion is a pregnancy-induced change, we compared the production of these prostanoids in habitual aborters and in healthy controls in nonpregnant state and related it to luteal function. DESIGN: Comparison between patients (n = 16) with a history of at least three consecutive miscarriages and healthy controls without a history of abortions (n = 11). SETTING: Departments I and II of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. RESULTS: Habitual aborters and control women exhibited no change in the urinary output of the stable degradation products of prostacyclin and TXA2 when studied between 0 and 2 and 5 and 8 days after the luteinizing hormone peak. Habitual aborters as a whole, or when subgrouped to those with normal (10 cycles) or defective luteal function (12 cycles) did not differ from the control series with regard to prostacyclin and TXA2 production. CONCLUSIONS: Productions of prostacyclin and TXA2 are not relative to the luteal function and are normal in nonpregnant women with a history of habitual abortion.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1975

Prostaglandin F2alpha and human prostatic affinity for testosterone.

Earlier work had shown that the lactogen, LTH and HPL, foster testosterone binding by the prostate. This study was undertaken to see if prostaglandin F2alpha would oppose the effect of the lactogen on the prostate as it does the luteotrophic action of the hormone on the corpus luteum. When it was found instead that the PGF increases steroid binding and that its interaction with lactogen was neither antagonistic nor additive, attention was directed to further characterization of prostaglandin's effect. A dosage/response study of F2alpha alone showed that concentrations of 4 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml increased binding but that 400 ng/ml did not. Glands with stromal hyperplasia and/or inflammation were not responsive than those with epithelial hyperplasia. Assays of water extracts of the tissue revealed concentrations of about 340 ng of F2alpha per gram fresh weight and that the concentration varied inversely as the beta-glucuronidase activity. If the enzyme level is considered an index of the epithelial cell density within the specimen, the inverse relationship suggest a non-epithelial (stromal) site of prostaglandin concentration.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1990

The physiological and clinical effects of progesterone inhibition with mifepristone (RU 486) in the second trimester.

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed in 20 primigravidae to assess the physiological and clinical effects of oral mifepristone on myometrial contractility and sensitivity in the second trimester. Ten women received 600 mg of oral mifepristone and 10 women a placebo 24 h before abortion was induced in both groups, with extra-amniotic PGE2 instillation. Intrauterine pressure recordings demonstrated increased spontaneous uterine activity and increased sensitivity to PGE2 and ergometrine, but no change in oxytocin sensitivity after mifepristone treatment. There were no significant differences in PGE or PGF metabolite concentrations in peripheral maternal plasma over the 24-h study period after treatment between the mifepristone and placebo groups. The mean induction abortion interval in the mifepristone group was 512 (SD 321) min compared with 1128 (SD 606) min in the placebo group (P less than or equal to 0.02). The mechanism whereby mifepristone provokes enhanced uterine contractility and sensitivity to prostaglandins, with a reduction in abortion times, does not appear to be through endogenous production of PGE or PGF.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Steroid and prostaglandin concentrations in the plasma of pregnant ewes during infusion of adrenocorticotrophin or dexamethasone to intact or hypophysectomized foetuses.

Catheters were implanted into 16 ewes and their foetuses between days 110 and 124 of gestation. Hypophysectomy was attempted in eight of these foetuses. Continuous infusion of synthetic ACTH (10 microgram/h) or dexamethasone (1mg/24 h) into the foetus, starting between days 124 and 129, induced premature parturition. The concentration of progesterone in the maternal peripheral plasma decreased before parturition in all animals while the level of oestradiol increased in ewes with intact foetuses or in those in which hypophysectomy was incomplete. When hypophysectomy was complete, no increase in the maternal level of oestradiol occurred before delivery. The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2alpha increased in the peripheral plasma of ewes with intact or hypophysectomized foetuses infused with ACTH. It is suggested that an intact foetal pituitary gland is required for the rise in the level of oestrogen prepartum, but that this rise is not essential for increased prostaglandin production of parturition.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

The effect of the anti-progestin mifepristone (RU 486) on plasma prostaglandin metabolite levels in early pregnancy and its influence on pregnancy termination.

The effect of a single dose of RU 486 (600mg) on prostaglandin metabolite levels has been studied over a 48 h period in 20 women undergoing medical termination of early pregnancy. The results were compared with controls of similar gestation who were treated surgically. The mean (SD) PGEM levels at 0 and 48 h in the RU 486 group were 13.7 (2.7) and 13.2 (2.2) pg/ml respectively, which was not significantly different from the values of 11.7 (1.1) and 11.3 (0.4) pg/ml measured in the control patients. Similarly the mean (SD) PGFM values of 22.3 (14.7) and 17.0 (7.2) pg/ml at 0 and 48 h were not significantly different from the corresponding control values of 21.9 (13.8) and 23.8 (7.2) pg/ml. In 10 of the study patients, there were no significant changes in PGEM and PGFM concentrations prior to and at 4, 24 and 48 h after RU 486 administration. Although all pregnancies were successfully terminated with the combination of RU 486 and subsequently a vaginal pessary containing PGE1, no stimulation of prostaglandin production could be demonstrated.

Abortion, Induced↗