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PubMed1984

Closure of dural defects with proplast.

Defects of the dura mater, which are a source of cerebral spinal fluid leakage, may be produced by trauma and otologic and neurosurgical operations. Proplast was evaluated as a graft material to close dural defects in three animal models (cats). For comparison, temporalis fascia was similarly evaluated in an additional three cats. Microsurgical techniques were utilized to close the defects, and both materials successfully prevented cerebral spinal fluid leakage. Proplast, however, was judged superior when studied microscopically at three months. There was ingrowth of living dura into the Proplast and no evidence of inflammatory reaction.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

The acceptance of a vitreous carbon alloplastic material, Proplast, in the rabbit eye.

Proplast, a vitreous, carbon-Teflon, fluorocarbon polymer, was tested in rabbits for corneal tolerance and acceptance. Toxicity, vascularization, epithelialization, infection, and extrusion were studied clinically and histologically. Four techniques were used: implantation of irregular-shaped pieces of material in an interlamellar corneal pocket, lamellar graft implantation with one exposed surface, full-thickness corneal implants in a manner similar to penetrating keratoplasty, and full-thickness implants covered by a conjunctival flap. Results showed that Proplast allows fibrovascular ingrowth and stabilization without a significant foreign body response or encapsulation for a period of observation from 6 weeks to 4 months. Evidence of epithelial coverage and epithelial ingrowth was also found. Coverage of the Proplast with conjunctiva or corneal tissue was essential to prevent extrusion and infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Experience with stemless proplast as trapezium prosthesis].

From 1985 to 1991, we performed 58 trapezium implantations using porous proplast surrounded by a silastic cylinder. This stemless proplast prevents proximalisation of the thumb as well as the diminution of strength after removal of the trapezium. Contrary to the Swanson-implants, we did not find a radio-dorsal dislocation in our patients. The operative technique is very simple. With the tissue growing into the proplast, a secondary dislocation, especially while loading, is avoided. So far, all patients are satisfied with the result of the operation. Our youngest patient is 31 years old. Ten weeks after bilateral trapezium-implantation he went back to his full-time job as a construction worker.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

The use of Proplast in experimental middle ear surgery.

The results of the use of Proplast, a new alloplastic material, in experimental middle ear surgery are described. This material was tested for cavity obliteration, closure of bony defects and as a columella between the tympanic membrane and the medial wall of the middle ear. Proplast was well tolerated in the middle ear cavity even in cases with inflammation of the middle ear. The implants were integrated within the recipient tissue by fibrous ingrowth occurring within one week. Bony ingrowth was observed in those cases where the implant contacted the bony wall within 3 weeks. Proplast which supported the tympanic membrane was infiltrated by fibrous tissue and incorporated in the lamina propria. No significant side effects were observed in a 6-month follow-up period although a possible influence on bone remodelling could not be fully excluded.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Frontal sinus trauma: experimental reconstruction with proplast.

Trauma has become the most common pathologic entity requiring operative intervention in the frontal sinus. Treatment has evolved from simple open drainage to ablation with reconstruction at a later date. Methyl-methacrylate, currently the most widely used alloplastic material, has inherent disadvantages such as two-stage reconstruction, difficulty in handling and molding, and susceptibility to trauma. The present investigation evaluates Proplast, a biocompatible Teflon fluorocarbon polymer implant, in one and two-stage frontal reconstruction following traumatic defects to the canine frontal sinus. Following the loss of anterior or posterior frontal bone, Proplast provided excellent cosmetic reconstruction over a period of one year. Resistance to infection was good, reaction with dura and brain was absent, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks sealed rapidly. In contrast to other alloplastic materials, rapid vascularization and collagen ingrowth lead to stabilization rather than sequestration. Several advantages over alloplastic and metallic implants may give Proplast a unique potential in operative cranioplasty.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Post-operative infection of Proplast facial implants.

Proplast is an ultra-porous composite material that has been used widely to augment the facial skeleton. In recent years, however, the popularity of this material has declined because of complications associated with its use. This paper presents a retrospective study of 36 cases treated with 88 Proplast implants at one unit over a nine-year period. The results suggest that infection of the implant is the most common post-operative complication. Infection may occur at any time following implantation and appears to be more likely when implantation is associated with an osteotomy procedure. In addition, the overall rate of infection in this study (16%) was higher than reported previously and the male-female ratio was 2:1. The possible factors involved in infection are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1981

Proplast and Plastipore.

Sixteen Proplast and 52 Plastipore prostheses, removed at revision surgery, have been examined histologically and the findings illustrated. The macroscopic appearance of the prostheses was preserved. Fibrous tissue capsule formation was common. It has been expected that the prostheses will be invaded by fibrous tissue and thereby stabilized. Fibrous tissue ingrowth was consistently seen in Proplast but not Plastipore prostheses. Multinucleated foreign body giant cells were present in large numbers in both types. There was histological evidence of breakdown of the prostheses.

Connective Tissue↗

PubMed1989

Proplast as a pharyngeal wall implant to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Proplast I was used as posterior pharyngeal wall implant to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in 26 patients. Specific criteria were followed in patient selection. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 124 months. Postoperatively, 18 patients had elimination of VPI and three patients had minimal residual VPI. Four patients lost the implants secondary to infection with residual VPI. One patient had significant residual VPI without the loss of the implant. Based on long-term follow-up, no migration of the implant was seen and there was no detectable effect on subsequent facial growth. Predictably better results were achieved with younger patients in whom smaller implants were used. Conclusions from this study indicate that Proplast I is an acceptable pharyngeal wall implant material to correct VPI when the specific criteria are met and good surgical technique is used.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Implants of Supramid, Proplast, Plasti-Pore, and Silastic.

Four types of synthetic materials were implanted in 54 rabbits: Supramid, Proplast, Plasti-Pore, and Silastic. Each material was implanted into the auricle and concomitantly into the subdermis of the face. Postoperative assessment was every one to three days, while killing was done at six weeks, six months, and one year postoperatively for microscopic evaluation. Supramid mesh contains black pigment, which became incorporated within the histiocytes and giant cells around the implanted mesh by six weeks; at one year, the soft tissues were pigmented microscopically. Proplast was not extruded despite an intense and persistent histiocytic and giant-cell reaction; its black color constituted a major drawback for implantation beneath thin skin. The Plasti-Pore used in these studies was rigid and somewhat difficult to sculpture, and it induced a persistent but minor cellular reaction. Silastic was easily displaced.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

A study of the reaction of human tissue to proplast.

The femoral stems of Thompson prostheses coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene/carbon fiber composite (proplast) were studied using conventional histological examination, scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis in "successful" firm implants and in a "loose" clinically unsuccessful implant. Ingrowth was found throughout the coatings of the successful prostheses. In the most firmly fixed prosthesis the ingrowth consisted of fibrous tissue with abundant giant cells; however, no bone ingrowth was detected. There was less composite pore infilling in the unsuccessful implant. From both clinical, radiological and the studies described above, it is concluded that fibrous tissue ingrowth was a secondary stabilizing phenomenon in the proplast-coated prostheses studied.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Proplast chin augmentation.

A method of chin augmentation employing a newer synthetic material (Proplast) is presented. The characteristics and biocompatibility of Proplast are detailed. Technical considerations and results of short term clinical trials in 20 patients are discussed. One implant necessitated removal secondary to trauma four months after surgery. All other implants including over 30 additional cases have been without incident.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed1984

Porous polyethylene and proplast: their behavior in a bony implant bed.

A comparative animal study showed that, after implantation in skull defects in guinea pigs, porous high-density polyethylene (PHDPE) was substantially better anchored in the bone than Proplast, and had greater stability of form and structure. In Proplast, ingrowth of fibrous tissue caused partial structural dilatation and fragmentation, which could limit its suitability for use in reconstructive surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

A comparison of the stability of proplast-coated and cemented Thompson prostheses in the treatment of subcapital femoral fractures.

Twenty randomly selected patients with displaced subcapital fractures of the femur, were treated with prosthetic replacement of the femoral head using a Thompson prosthesis of which the intramedullary portion was coated with Proplast. The results were compared with a control group of 20 similar patients in whom the standard Thompson prosthesis was used with acrylic cement. At follow-up, which ranged from 3 to 17 months, there was substantial X-ray evidence of prosthetic loosening in the Proplast series.

Bone Cements↗

PubMed1977

Proplast-coated high-strength magnets as potential denture stabilization devices.

This study was designed to determine if a samarium-cobalt magnet could be effectively sealed from the in vivo environment and be physically stablized in bone under similated functional stress. The following conclusions can be made from this study. (1) It is possible to effectively seal a samarium-cobalt magnet from the in vivo environment. Clinical observation, radiographs, and photomicrographs on all samples showed good healing and dense tissue over the surgical sites. The samples showed that connective tissue penetrated the Proplast, and clinically, the magnets appeared to be well stabilized in bone. (2) It follows that if magnets are properly coated and good surgical techniques are used, Proplast can be an effective sealant. Samarium or cobalt appeared in the surrounding tissues only where the coating was faulty. Further studies are being conducted which will cover a 2 year period as opposed to the original 5 month study. It is hoped that with specific tests, we will be able to demonstrate absolute fixation and no migration of the magnets.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Proplast in dental facial reconstruction.

Successful clinical applications since early 1970 have occurred with the use of temporomandibular condylar prosthesis and endosseous blade-vent implants coated with porous proplast. Proplast as a bulk material has also been used to augment atropic mandibular alveolar ridges and deficient facial contours in the mental, mandibular border, and zygomatic areas.

Alveolectomy↗

PubMed2006

Long-term results of a soft interface- (Proplast-) coated femoral stem.

BACKGROUND: Mid-term clinical results of uncemented femoral components with a Proplast coating have been unfavorable and the low modulus system was abandoned in the mid-1990s. There are, however, still substantial numbers of patients with a Proplast-coated prosthesis in situ. We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results in patients with 8-13 year follow-up. METHODS: We evaluated the survival rate, Harris Hip score and radiographic features of 82 hips in 69 patients. Mean age at operation was 58 (35-72) years. RESULTS: With respect to the Harris Hip score (HHS), 21% of the hips were considered to be clinical failures (HHS < 70) at final follow-up, mainly because of excessive thigh pain. Osteolysis was observed in one or more Gruen zones in one-third of the hips. According to the criteria of Engh, 79/82 stems were unstable. 11 hips were eventually revised due to aseptic loosening. Survival of the femoral component of the original cohort at final follow-up was 84% (95% CI: 75-93) in a standard-case scenario. INTERPRETATION: Extensive signs of loosening were observed in almost all hips, while not all hips were considered to be clinical failures. Thus, all patients should be thoroughly screened for radiographic progressive osteolysis or the occurrence of thigh pain. Thigh pain or progressive osteolysis warrants revision of the Proplastcoated femoral stem.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Soft tissue response to blood-impregnated Proplast.

The effects of Proplast implants on the soft tissues of rats were studied. The effects from Proplast implants which had been impregnated with blood, plasma, or saline were compared to the effects from implants which had received no pretreatment. No significant differences were found.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Proplast implant in Tenon's capsule after excision of the eye.

Hitherto implants used after enucleation have generally been extruded because of infection or tissue rejection. Proplast, an inert alloplastic material prepared from a combination of Teflon fluorocarbon polymer and vitreous carbon fibres, is a grey felt-like material which, when wholly implanted, is invaded by fibrous tissue and not rejected. Hemispherical implants of Proplast have been used in sixteen cases, no rejection has occurred to date (18 months), and movement of the implant has been good. At operation, the obliques are sutured posterior to the implant so as to hold it forwards and increase movement. The rectus muscles are sutured anterior to the implant in cruciate fashion. Tenon's capsule and the conjunctiva are closed separately.

Carbon↗