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PubMed1976

Anaesthesia for cardioversion: a comparison of diazepam, thiopentone and propanidid.

Three groups of 50 patients were anaesthetized with diazepam 0.32 mg/kg or thiopentone 3.7 mg/kg or propanidid 4.6 mg/kg for elective carfioversion. Propanidid caused more hypotension than diazepam or thiopentone. Apnoea was most frequent following thipentone and excitatory side-effects were most prominent following propanidid; the electric countershock worsened the excitatory phenomena. The success rate of conversion was higher in the diazepam group than in the other groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. Diazepam failed to produce amnesia in about 33% of the patients. Thiopentone is suitable and pleasant for cardioversion. Diazepam is recommended in poor-risk patients and in emergency situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

In vitro interaction of propanidid and suxamethonium with pooled human plasma cholinesterase. A kinetic study.

Human plasma cholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.8) was shown to be inhibited by physiological concentrations of propanidid and suxamethonium using a colourimetric assay at 25 degrees C and pH 7.2 unit with butyrylthiocholine as substrate. Propanidid inhibited the enzyme in a non-competitive manner (I50 = 2.0 mmol litre-1; apparent Km = 6.6 X 10(-4) mol litre-1) as did suxamethonium (I50 = 4.4 mmol litre-1; apparent Km = 1.6 X 10(-4) mol litre-1). Combined inhibition produced Km 3.0 X 10(-3) mol litre-1. The binding of these drugs to specific anionic sites in the vicinity of the active centre is thought to result in stereochemical changes in the enzyme. This mechanism and its relevance to the augmentation of the neuromuscular blockade produced by suxamethonium in the presence of propanidid is discussed.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1975

On the mechanism of the negative inotropic action of halothane and propanidide.

1) Halothane and propanidide reduce the contractile force of guinea pig isolated atria in a concentration-dependent manner. The approximate concentrations required to bring about a half-maximal pharmacological effect are within the same order of magnitude as the concentrations found in whole blood during general anesthesia of guinea pigs. 2) It seems most likely that the initial effect of halothane or propanidide occurs at the cell membrane. 3) Halothane and propanidide accelerate and enhance the uptake of calcium ions by the cell membrane, so that less ionized calcium will be available for excitation contraction coupling. This phenomenon readily explains the negative inotropic action of both drugs and confirms the presumption that the cell membrane is the initial site of pharmacological attack.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Propanidid and etomidate identification from the blood by thin-layer chromatography].

Propanidid and etomidate were extracted from blood with diethyl ether at pH ca. 8 (phosphate buffer), then separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, using diethyl ether-acetone (3:1, v/v) for propanidid or dioxane-acetic acid (47:3, v/v) for etomidate as the mobile phase. Both compounds can be revealed on dried chromatograms using sodium carbonate solution up to the amount 1 microg/cm3 of plasma, and it is sufficient sensivity for propanidid adhibited in therapeutic doses, whereas this limits the detection of etomidate for overdosed patients only.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed1975

Propanidid for anaesthetic induction at Caesarean section.

In 50 healthy mothers scheduled for elective Caesarean section, anaesthesia was induced with propanidid (7 mg/kg body weight). Thereafter, ventilation was controlled with nitrous oxide, oxygen and muscle relaxants. A further dose of propanidid (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered 3 minutes after the initial injection of this drug, as a means of preventing maternal awareness during equilibration with the anaesthetic gas mixture. The acid-base status of the mothers before the induction of anaesthesia, and at delivery, revealed a mild degree of respiratory alkalosis with a compensatory metabolic acidosis. Umbilical cord blood gas results indicated the presence of significant fetal acidosis, both respiratory (mean pCO2 Uv 46,3 torr (SD 11,3) and Ua 54,3 torr (SD 12,0)), and metabolic (mean base excess Uv-9 mEq/l (SD 4,2) and Ua-11,8 mEq/l, (SD 5,0)) in origin. The average umbilical cord blood oxygen tensions were Uv 25,9 torr (SD 10), and Ua 15,4 torr (SD 8,5); mean maternal to fetal base-excess gradients were Ma-Uv 4,1 mEq/l (SD 2,8) and Ma-Ua 6,5 mEq/l (SD 3,5). Five mothers (10%) offered convincing evidence of factual recall during surgery, and 3 of these were aware of pain. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 5 patients and in 4 there were clinical signs of postoperative chest infection. The degree of fetal biochemical asphyxia, and the incidence of maternal awareness during surgery, were significantly greater than previously reported when thiopentone was used for the induction of anaesthesia for Caesarean section. The results obtained are discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that propanidid for anaesthesia appears to offer no advantage over thiopentone in obstetric practice.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of propanidid in bioelectrical brain activation].

The purpose of the study was evaluation of propanidid as an agent activating the bioelectric activity of the brain. Examinations were carried out in 200 patients. In patients with generalized epileptic seizures a positive result of activation trial was obtained in 92,8% of the cases. In cases of focal epilepsy, temporal or not temporal, administration of propanidid revealed or increased pathological focal activity all. Activation permitted also brain tumours to be localized more precisely. In patients with cerebraal circulatory disturbances the activating effect of propanidid was observed in 82,8% of the cases. The drug is suitable for outpatient practice and for follow-up examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of phenobarbital and p,p'-DDT on carboxylesterase activity and hydrolysis of propanidid in rat liver.

Time-dependent responses of microsomal and cytosolic carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) to administration of phenobarbital or p,p'-DDT were studied in rat liver using p-nitrophenylacetate and propanidid as substrates. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the hepatic carboxylesterases are induced by phenobarbital and p,p'-DDT. The induced metabolism of propanidid does not appear to be due to the microsomal polysubstrate monooxygenase system of the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The relative potencies of thiopentone, ketamine, propanidid, alphaxalone and diazepam. A statistical study in man.

The potency of five i.v. anaesthetics (thiopentone, ketamine, alphaxalone (Althesin), propanidid and diazepam) was studied by determining the dose required to produce unconsciousness in 50% (UD50) and 95% (UD95) of patients. UD50 and UD95 were determined using the probit method. The effect of age on the anaesthetic requirement has been studied also. Relative to thiopentone, the potency was alphaxalone 9.22, diazepam 5.24, ketamine 4.37 and propanidid 1.006.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immune reaction to propanidid.

An adverse reaction to the intravenous anaesthetic agent propanidid is described in which the main features were hypotension, facial erythema, and abdominal pain. Changes in serum complement levels and differential white cell counts indicate that this was an immune reaction mediated by the classical complement pathway. The immune reaction apparently involved antibodies other than those of the IgE (reagin) class, and circumstantial evidence suggests that it was specific to propanidid rather than to the entire formulation or to Cremophor EL.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Postanaesthetic postural stability following thiopental or propanidid anaesthesia.

Using a quantitative Romberg-test performed on a computerized force-plate-system, postural stability was tested in 39 patients before and 3 hours after general anaesthesia with either thiopental (20 patients) or propanidid (19 patients). Sway-tendencies in the sagittal and the transversal direction were recorded. Comparing pre- and postoperative test results, patients anaesthetized with thiopental had a decreased postural stability 3 hours after anaesthesia, indicated by a significantly (P less than 0.05) increased sway-tendency of 22.6% in the sagittal direction. No change occurred in sway-tendency in the transversal direction in this group. In the propanidid group no significant differences were found between pre- and postoperative test results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of propanidid on systemic vascular resistance in man.

We have studied the peripheral vascular effect in man of propanidid 6 mg/kg, administered as a bolus injection during cardiopulmonary by-pass with the aorta cross-clamped and at constant perfusion flow. Ten measurements in eight patients were performed. A decrease was found in systemic vascular resistance: from 150.7 +/- 16.3 to 99.5 +/- 10.1 kPa x s/1. No venous pooling occurred. It is concluded that, in man, propanidid causes a vasodilation which must contribute to the hypotension it causes.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

[Cardiodepressive effects due to ketamine, etomidate, methohexitone and propanidid. A clinical study by means of the systolic-time-intervals (author's transl)].

The cardiodepressive effects of ketamine (1mg/kg), etomidate (0.3mg/kg), methohexitone (1mg/kg) and propanidid (4mg/kg) have been compared by means of the systolic time intervals on patients during a steady-state halothane--N2O:02(1.1)-- anaesthesia. This anaesthesia served as a pharmacological model of reduced myocardial function, and moreover, it should block the centrally-elicited cardiac stimulation by ketamine, thus unmasking the direct negative inotropic action of this anaesthetic. Ketamine and etomidate are of lesser cardiac depressant action than methohexitone or even propanidid. Diazepam (0.2-0.25mg/kg) proved to be able to attenuate or abolish, respectively, the ketamine-induced increases of heart rate and blood pressure in normo- and hypertensive patients, and might therefore be useful for induction anaesthesia in cardiac and coronary risk patients, as proved on two patients with recent myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cardiovascular effects of various anesthetics in man. Four short-acting intravenous anesthetics: althesin, etomidate, methohexital and propanidid.

Four groups of 15 patients without any cardiovascular or pulmonary pathology received an intravenous injection of one of the 4 studied anesthetics, Althesin (0.07 ml/kg), Methohexital (1.6 mg/kg), Etomidate 0.15 mg/kg) or Propanidid (6 mg/kg). Arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were measured every thirty or sixty seconds. Stroke volume decreased and heart rate increased with all of them, but most of all with Propanidid. The only statistically significant reduction of cardiac output was observed with Althesin. Arterial pressures did not vary. Under the conditions of the present study and at the dose levels mentioned, Etomidate produced the least changes in cardiac parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of propanidid in patients with an increased tendency to cerebral convulsions (author's transl)].

In view of the observation of tonic-clonic convulsions after the use of Propanidid in certan patients, a study was undertaken of the effects of this drug (7 mg/kg) on the EEG of 2 volunteers with a known history of epilepsy. Both subjects developed tonic-clonic convulsions and showed typical alterations of the EEG pattern even before the onset of hyperventilation. These EEG alterations were producible also during complete relaxation. The convulsions were easily stopped by the administration of short-acting barbiturates. Similar observations reported in the literature are briefly discussed. The conclusion is drawn that Propanidid should not be given to patients with a known history of epilepsy or any other convulsive disease.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1992

[High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of propanidid and etomidate].

High-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of propanidid and etomidate was performed on ODS silica, after precipitation of the proteins in plasma with methanol, extraction of the drugs with diethyl ether, evaporation and dissolving in a mobile phase: acetonitrile-phosphate buffer pH 4.44 (7:3, v/v); UV detection at 254 nm. Dionine hydrochloride was used as an internal standard. Propanidid was determined in a range 5-25 microg/cm3 of plasma and etomidate in 0.1-0.5 microg/cm3 of plasma, thus enables the analysis of therapeutic levels of the drugs.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of anesthesia with etomidate and propanidid in patients undergoing electric cardioversion].

Cardioversion is one of the most effective treatment in cardiac arrhythmias. However, this technique is painful it requires proper anaesthesia assuring stable circulatory and respiratory functions. The authors compared two anaesthetics: etomidate and propanidid. No significant difference in their effects on both circulation and respiration has been noted. Some differences between both drugs in the produced adverse reactions were however noted. Etomidate caused pain at the site of injection, propanidid allergic reactions in the form of skin rash.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Intravenous anesthesia for cesarean section. Comparison of propanidid and methohexital].

Propanidid and methohexital were compared retrospectively to assess the possible neonatal depression following general anesthesia for caesarean section: both have rapid onset and short duration of action and their transplacental passages are similar. Anesthesia was induced with equivalent doses of the two agents in 90 women (45 in each group). For each anesthetic agent, three subgroups were defined according to the indications, depending on emergency criteria and fetal state. There was no significant statistical difference (Student test) regarding clinical and biochemical criteria except for the fetal arterial pH which was more acidic in the propanidid group. In both groups, Apgar scores, arterial and venous pH were significantly more altered when caesarean section was performed for acute fetal depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Comparative studies of placentar diffusion of propanidid (Sombrevin) and barbiturate in premature pregnancies and cesarean sections].

The placental diffusion and fetal elimination of propanidid (Sombrevin) and hexobarbituralnatrium adhibited for the introduction of narcosis in cases of prematures requiring caesarean section is studied by virtue of maternal, umbilical cord, and new-born blood samples. On the basis of the results we come to the conclusion that for the introduction of narcosis in prematures requiring caesarean section, Sombrevin seems to be more suitable than hexobarbituralnatrium, owing to the quicker propanidid elimination.

Cesarean Section↗