[Comment by the teaching staff of the seminar for training nursing instructors. A program designed to produce meaningful results].
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Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
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Results for “Program Design”
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Involve the elderly in program design.
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Aged↗
The design of a training program for adolescent medicine. Thoughts of fellows in training.
Program design for training in Adolescent Medicine is still in an evolutionary state. Postgraduate fellows and program directors have different perceptions with regard to the importance of various components of the ideal training program. Fellows indicate a higher priority for problems associated with the female reproductive system than do their mentors. Inpatient experience received lesser emphasis by the Fellows. Adolescent Medicine as a subspecialty discipline is discouraged.
Adolescent↗
The Mayo Three-Community Hypertension Control Program. I. Design and initial screening results.
The Mayo Three-Community Hypertension Control Program implemented graduated programs for the control of high blood pressure in three rural southeastern Minnesota communities, beginning in 1974. Prevalence of hypertension (when defined as diastolic blood pressure, at initial screening, of 95 mm Hg or more) was similar to that found for comparable groups by age and sex in the United States generally, but an atypically high frequency of known but untreated hypertension was found. Programs of public and professional information, systematic household screening, continuing professional education (two communities), and a new community hypertension clinic (one community) were initiated, and plans were made to evaluate the programs simultaneously by means of total rescreening of persons found to be hypertensive initially. The present report describes in detail the design of the program and the results of initial screening in relation to findings in other populations at the time. Subsequent reports assess the impact of each program on its target community and of a community hypertension clinic within the one setting where this component of a model program was established.
Adult↗
Comparison of role conception and role deprivation in LPN-transition students and traditional ADN students in a specially designed associate program.
This study compared differences in role orientation and role deprivation between 41 LPN-transition students and 123 basic traditional associate degree nursing (ADN) students upon entry and exit to a specially designed ADN program. The Corwin Role Conception Scale was used to assess role conception and deprivation. Statistically significant differences were noted upon entry between LPN-transition students and traditional ADN students in professional and service role conceptions and in role deprivation, upon exit in professional role conception and role deprivation between LPN-transition and traditional ADN students, and in professional role conception within the LPN-transition students. No differences were found within traditional ADN students from entry to exit of the program.
Adult↗
The role of designated driver programs in the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving: a critical reassessment.
We review the "designated driver" concept and the current debate over its role in preventing alcohol-impaired driving. In our view, the focus on this strategy by broadcasters, the alcohol industry, and various public service groups has deflected attention from other alcohol-related problems that account for the vast majority of deaths and injuries associated with alcohol use. This focus has also distracted many public health advocates and policymakers from the bigger and more important jobs of increasing public awareness of the social, environmental, and economic factors that influence alcohol consumption and promoting debate on legislation and other public policy solutions to alcohol-impaired driving. As part of a comprehensive strategy, we strongly encourage a renewed focus on "sobriety checkpoints," strict enforcement of laws against alcohol sales to minors, alcohol advertising reform, increased excise taxes, and other public policy initiatives supported by the Surgeon General. These measures will curb underage and heavy alcohol consumption and will create a legal and social environment in which individuals are motivated to avoid impaired driving through several alternative strategies, including but not limited to the use of designated drivers.
Accidents, Traffic↗
A model for the improvement of medical faculty lecturing.
The development of a program designed to improve the teaching effectiveness of faculty members of a new Introductory Psychopathology course at the University of Washington School of Medicine is described. Two consultants from the Office of Research in Medical Education worked closely with the faculty in designing the evaluation program during the preparation of the course. The literature on lecture effectiveness is reviewed, as are existing instructional evaluation instruments. The integration of this information and the needs of the involved faculty produced a lecture observation schedule designed to facilitate the observation of a lecture and the immediate feedback which followed each of the 15 lectures evaluated. The process of using this instrument to assist the faculty in self-improvement is discussed. While the specific evaluation method described may not be appropriate for all situations, it may serve as a model for the development of similar programs in other settings.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Programming and design of hospital ambulatory care facilities.
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Ambulatory Care↗
Four essential ingredients of a well-designed dental program outlined by actuary.
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Costs and Cost Analysis↗
The application of competency-based education to consultation-liaison psychiatry: III. Implications.
In this paper the authors consider the implications of a competency-based model of education in relation to issues that affect the training of consultation-liaison psychiatrists. These issues include program design, the integration of consultation-liaison psychiatry to psychiatry in general, and the relationship of consultation-liaison psychiatry to medicine. Training programs in consultation-liaison psychiatry need to respond to the issues that derive from each of these areas. The authors argue that the competency-based model provides a framework which offers guidelines for designing a program that addresses these concerns.
Clinical Competence↗
A design for interlaboratory quality-control programs.
A design for interlaboratory quality-control programs is described. Speimens are despatched in pairs to participating laboratories. The results returned by laboratories are compared with each other and with reference results, but the frequent brief reports which are prepared are not regarded as the main laboratory assessments, although these reports can alert laboratories to gross imprecision and inaccuracy. When sufficient results have been returned, a linear regression analysis is carried out between results from each laboratory and the reference results. The statistics obtained from the regression data provide a concise source of information about the form of inaccuracy (imprecision and systematic error) present.
Chemistry, Clinical↗
Predictors of success on NCLEX-RN and within the nursing curriculum: implications for early intervention.
A retrospective prediction study was conducted to identify predictors of success on the NCLEX-RN and within the nursing curriculum. Records of 192 graduates of an upper-division, single-purpose baccalaureate nursing program were examined using multiple regression techniques. NCLEX-RN success could be predicted by GPA at end of Level 1 in nursing program, ACT composite and social science subscale scores, Anatomy and Physiology I grade, and percent correct on Mosby Assesstest. These findings have implication for entering a nursing student into an early intervention program designed to enhance success within the nursing program and on the NCLEX-RN.
Adult↗
[A review of studies on school-based smoking prevention programs].
Research papers on school-based programs designed to prevent adolescent smoking were reviewed to determine trends in the development of smoking prevention programs as well as measures and methods of evaluation. In the USA and Europe, evaluation studies have demonstrated that the most promising smoking prevention approaches are those that focus primary attention on the psychosocial factors promoting smoking initiation. In Japan, however, most programs have shown little success. The following recommendations are made for improving the methods for evaluating program effectiveness and the future of research orientation of educational program on adolescent smoking. 1) Refinement and standardization of evaluation methods to be valid and feasible for use in studies of Japanese adolescents. 2) Improved study designs for evaluation of program effectiveness which include control groups and long term follow-up. 3) Applying smoking prevention programs which were demonstrated to be effective in the USA and Europe. 4) Development of effective cessation programs for adolescent smokers.
Adolescent↗
Computer analysis of nucleic acid regulatory sequences.
We describe a computer program designed to facilitate the analysis of nucleic acid sequences. The program can search several nucleic acid sequences for oligonucleotides common to all of them. It can examine a DNA or RNA sequence for two kinds of homologous regions--repetitions and dyad symmetries. The homologies need not be perfect: mismatches and "looping out" of nucleotides are allowed. The program also finds (A+T)- and (G+C)-rich regions, locates restriction enzyme recognition sites, determines the distribution of di- and trinucleotides, and performs various other functions. We include two representative applications of the program. All published prokaryotic transcription termination sequences (June 1977) were found to share the following features: (i) a string of at least five T residues, (ii) the sequence CGGGC or a close analog immediately preceding the T cluster, (iii) a region of strong dyad symmetry preceding the Ts and including the CGGGC sequence. A sequence of 221 nucleotides consisting of the Escherichia coli trp promoter, operator, and leader was found to contain two strong dyad symmetries. These homologies both occur at known regulatory sites; no comparable homologies occur in regions without regulatory significance.
Base Sequence↗
MSNJ Auxiliary: responsibility on water.
The Medical Society of New Jersey Auxiliary kicked off its Responsibility on Water program. Designed and planned by MSNJA President Marion H. Geib, the program is intended to make children and adults aware of the deadly mix of alcohol and water activities.
Accident Prevention↗
Abortion storms--projection for the future.
Most abortions are of an endemic and sporadic nature but some problems reach epidemic (storm) proportions. In many laboratories, the etiological agent is determined in about 25% of the cases. In the future, practitioners and laboratories working together can: 1) respond to owner concern, 2) quickly determine if one of the better defined contagious diseases is present, and 3) cooperate in developing a responsive, field oriented diagnostic and investigative program designed to better define factors concerned in abortion problems. A program for meeting these needs is suggested.
Abortion, Veterinary↗
Towards the simulation of clinical cognition. Taking a present illness by computer.
Remarkably little is known about the cognitive processes which are employed in the solution of clinical problems. This paucity of information is probably accounted for in large part by the lack of suitable analytic tools for the study of the physician's thought processes. Here we report on the use of the computer as a laboratory for the study of clinical cognition. Our experimental approach has consisted of several elements. First, cognitive insights gained from the study of clinicians' behavior were used to develop a computer program designed to take the present illness of a patient with edema. The program was then tested with a series of prototypical cases, and the present illnesses generated by the computer were compared to those taken by the clinicians in our group. Discrepant behavior on the part of the program was taken as a stimulus for further refinement of the evolving cognitive theory of the present illness. Corresponding refinements were made in the program, and the process of testing and revision was continued until the program's behavior closely resembled that of the clinicians. The advances in computer science that made this effort possible include "goal-directed" programming, pattern-matching and a large associative memory, all of which are products of research in the field known as "artificial intelligence". The information used by the program is organized in a highly connected set of associations which is used to guide such activities as checking the validity of facts, generating and testing hypotheses, and constructing a coherent picture of the patient. As the program pursues its interrelated goals of information gathering and diagnosis, it uses knowledge of diseases and pathophysiology, as well as "common sense", to dynamically assemble many small problem-solving strategies into an integrated history-taking process. We suggest that the present experimental approach will facilitate accomplishment of the long-term goal of disseminating clinical expertise via the computer.
Computers↗
Sequence data handling by computer.
The speed of the new DNA sequencing techniques has created a need for computer programs to handle the data produced. This paper describes simple programs designed specifically for use by people with little or no computer experience. The programs are for use on small computers and provide facilities for storage, editing and analysis of both DNA and amino acid sequences. A magnetic tape containing these programs is available on request.
Amino Acid Sequence↗