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Results for “Philosophical Approach”

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PubMed2006

The diagnosis and treatment of infertility. One person's philosophic approach.

PURPOSE: To justify and at the same time present caveats from one reproductive endocrinologist discussing diagnoses and treatment of various aspects of infertility. METHODS: Sources of basis of knowledge revealed. RESULTS: Sources for chapter writing includes personal experience, publications (predominantly from the author with some additional sources), national and international meetings, reading of various infertility journals and textbooks. CONCLUSIONS: Hopefully, the chapters will be provocative and provide new insights into diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Only areas where the author is most experienced will be discussed. The author promises a non-conventional approach which will lead to lots of controversy.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1991

A philosophic approach to aging.

Who are the old? Is age a category, like sex? Does just getting to a certain age justify certain rewards and certain limits? Is there a role for old physicians working in a hospital? What should age be a criterion for? There are no firm answers, but there should be more discussion.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Ameloblastoma, a behavioral and histologic paradox (a philosophical approach).

The ameloblastoma, because of its aggressive clinical behavior and its histological feature apparently benign, constitutes a puzzling paradox. Some hypotheses concerning this strange clinical-histologic contradiction are analyzed, as well as the additional paradox represented by the neoplastic parenchyma itself, in which a tissue consisting of cells nominally able to form enamel do not elaborate any of the calcified dental tissues.

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical reconstruction--a prerequisite for long-term implant success: a philosophic approach.

Loss of teeth results in the loss of other tissues. Without adjunctive reconstruction of the hard and soft tissues, this loss can impair the reconstruction of the dentition using osseointegrated implants. Inadequate treatment planning-based on rules derived from anterior implant use in older edentulous patients or poor execution of the surgical plan, leading to errors in the number, angulation, distribution, and position of implants-can be the foundation for future failure. The learning objective of this article is to review specific reconstructive measures that may be appropriate in patients with special functional, aesthetic, or phonetic demands. The authors suggest that the present definition of failure be expanded to include long-term functional, aesthetic, and phonetic outcomes.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

Conceptual analysis of rights using a philosophic inquiry approach.

A philosophic approach to analysis reveals that the concept of right(s), with 10 identified attributes, is subject to ambiguous and inconsistent interpretation. This lack of clarity in interpretation contributes to controversy when rights are used for resolution of ethical conflict. Characteristics of rights contributing to their misinterpretation include their origins and the diverse ranges of their intended scope. Rights may be self-evident or derived from a contract. Although they are inalienable, they may not be operational. Furthermore, having a right does not entail having the power to attain it. This philosophic analysis yields a theoretic definition intended to guide nurses in rational interpretation and use of rights in their practices.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Identification concept and the use of probabilities in forensic odontology--an approach by philosophical discussion.

This paper questions the practitioners' deterministic approach(es) in forensic identification and notes the limits of their conclusions in order to encourage a discussion to question current practices. With this end in view, a hypothetical discussion between an expert in dentistry and an enthusiastic member of a jury, eager to understand the scientific principles of evidence interpretation, is presented. This discussion will lead us to regard any argument aiming at identification as probabilistic.

Bites, Human↗
PubMed1999

The appropriate uses of qualitative methods in health economics.

Ontology, epistemology and methodology are not subjects frequently discussed in health economics, yet they are of great relevance to the question of how, or whether, to use qualitative methods as a means of examining certain issues. The paper discusses the nature of enquiry in health economics and then details the nature of qualitative methods and the constructivist philosophy with which they are most commonly associated. The paper continues by examining different areas in the study of economics: neo-classical positive economics, alternative approaches to explanatory economics and normative welfare economics. For each area the philosophical approach is outlined as are the areas of research interest. Appropriate roles for qualitative methods within these philosophical approaches are then suggested. The paper concludes by warning that health economists should not use qualitative methods naively. They must be aware of the potential difficulties: both of inadvertently ending up outside the intended research philosophy and of conducting research which is accepted by neither economists nor qualitative researchers. If, however, health economists are aware of ontological, epistemological and methodological issues, they can make an informed decision about the appropriateness of qualitative methods in their research and thereby potentially enhance their ability to answer the questions in which they are interested.

Health Services Research↗
PubMed1996

The brain as a hermeneutic device.

An attempt has been made to reconcile the 'device approach' and the 'philosophical approach' to the brain. Systems exhibiting high structural and dynamic complexity may be candidates of being hermeneutic devices. The human brain, which is a structurally and dynamically complex device, not only perceives but also creates new reality: it is a hermeneutic device.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

A critique of the concept of quality of life.

Taking a philosophical approach, ancient Greek philosophers and Christians began to investigate the concept of quality of life. Later, such philisophical pursuit was replaced by the school of positivism, which indicated that science was and still is the only valid form of enquiry. Through such positivistic science, the metaphysical nature of the concept of quality of life is thought to be uncovered. However, the later Wittgensteinian philosophical thoughts demonstrated that there is no metaphysical understanding of any concepts but there is only knowledge of playing language games. In the light of this philosophy, prior to any scientific investigations, researchers have already understood and agreed on the concept of quality of life by playing language games. From the above philosophical analyses, outlines some implications for health care research.

Health Services Research↗
PubMed2000

Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science.

Several recently developed philosophical approaches to the self promise to enhance the exchange of ideas between the philosophy of the mind and the other cognitive sciences. This review examines two important concepts of self: the 'minimal self', a self devoid of temporal extension, and the 'narrative self', which involves personal identity and continuity across time. The notion of a minimal self is first clarified by drawing a distinction between the sense of self-agency and the sense of self-ownership for actions. This distinction is then explored within the neurological domain with specific reference to schizophrenia, in which the sense of self-agency may be disrupted. The convergence between the philosophical debate and empirical study is extended in a discussion of more primitive aspects of self and how these relate to neonatal experience and robotics. The second concept of self, the narrative self, is discussed in the light of Gazzaniga's left-hemisphere 'interpreter' and episodic memory. Extensions of the idea of a narrative self that are consistent with neurological models are then considered. The review illustrates how the philosophical approach can inform cognitive science and suggests that a two-way collaboration may lead to a more fully developed account of the self.

Journal Article↗