Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Philodendron”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergic contact dermatitis caused by plants].

The proliferation of house and garden plants, some of them highly sensitizing, produced by the general improvement of the standard of living, is causing an increase in the number of cases of contact dermatitis from plants with both irritative and allergic mechanisms. During the past 12 years, we have studied 43 cases of allergic eczema caused by plant contact as primary sensitization which supposes 2.4% of the patients with allergic contact dermatitis attended in our Services. The majority of patients were women (65%) as opposed to 35% men while the ages varied from 12 to 70 years with an average of 44.5. Below the age of 25 there were only 3 cases (6.9%) 12, 18 and 20 years respectively. In the clinical study, as well as the profession, secondary activities and hobbies were also evaluated. Through localization of lesions, an attempt was made to determine how the patient came in to contact with the different plants. The diagnosis was confirmed by the use of epicutaneous tests, as recommended by the ICDRG (3). Some plants in a natural state were used but etheral extracts were preferred. In cases of photo-dermatitis, photo-patch-tests were carried out using standard photo-sensitizers and suspected plants. The plants found to be responsible were: Allium (garlic) in 11 cases, Frullania in 8, Primula (primrose) in 8. Compositae (composites) in 6, Pinus (pine) in 3, Umbelliferae (umbellifers) in 3, Philodendron (philodendron) in 1, Pelagonium (pelargonium) in 1, Citrus (citrus) in 1 and Chlorophora (iroko) in 1. The frequency of reactions to garlic and primrose is particularly interesting and their characteristics will be the object of a later study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Identification and molecular characterization of Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus, a new calla lily-infecting potyvirus.

Tissue-cultured seedlings of calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) with mild mosaic symptom were observed in Taiwan. A new potyvirus, Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus (ZaMMV), was identified in the diseased plants based on the result of ELISA, virion morphology and sequence data. In the host range test, ZaMMV only infected Philodendron selloum and Zantedeschia spp. causing systemic mosaic and mild mosaic symptom, respectively. The 3'-terminal region of the virus was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA using a potyvirus-specific degenerate primer and an oligo-dT primer. Sequence analysis revealed that the highest amino acid sequence identity of the capsid protein (CP) gene between ZaMMV and thirty potyviruses was 55%, and the highest nucleotide identity of 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) was 52%. Therefore, in terms of species demarcating criteria, ZaMMV is a new species of the genus Potyvirus. From the result of phylogenetic analysis, ZaMMV should be a member of the Bean common mosaic virus subgroup. According to the deduced amino acid sequence of ZaMMV, the N terminus of the CP contained 39 glutamine residues before DAG motif. This unique sequence has never been discovered in plant viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Environmental biology: heat reward for insect pollinators.

In neotropical forests, adults of many large scarab beetle species spend most of their time inside the floral chambers of heat-producing flowers, where they feed and mate throughout the night and rest during the following day, before briefly flying to another flower. Here we measure floral temperatures in Philodendron solimoesense (Araceae) in French Guiana and the respiration rates of Cyclocephala colasi beetles at floral and ambient temperatures, and show that the the beetles' extra energy requirements for activity are 2.0-4.8 times greater outside the flower than inside it. This finding indicates that heat produced by the flower constitutes an important energy reward to pollinators, allowing them to feed and mate at a fraction of the energy cost that would be required outside the flower.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Expression of uncoupling protein and alternative oxidase depends on lipid or carbohydrate substrates in thermogenic plants.

Thermogenesis, in which cellular respiratory activity is considerably stimulated, requires mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) in mammals and an alternative oxidase (AOX) in plants. Here, we show that the genes for both proteins are expressed in thermogenic plants, but the type correlates with the respiratory substrate. A novel gene termed PsUCPa encoding a variant of UCP was specifically expressed in thermogenic flowers of Philodendron selloum, which uses lipids as substrates. However, a gene termed DvAOX encoding for AOX protein was expressed in thermogenic flowers of Dracunculus vulgaris, which presumably uses carbohydrates as substrates. These findings suggest that cellular metabolism is a major determinant in selective expression of appropriate thermogenic genes in plants.

Araceae↗
PubMed1979

Inhibitory effects of condiments and herbal drugs on the growth and toxin production of toxigenic fungi.

The effects of thirteen kinds of powdered herbal drugs and seven kinds of commercial dry condiments on the growth and toxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, and A. versicolor were observed by introducing these substances into culture media for mycotoxin production. Of the twenty samples tested, cinnamon bark completely inhibited the fungal growth, while the others only inhibited the toxin production. The inhibitors were easily extracted from the samples with solvents such as hot water, chloroform, or ethanol. The extracts from coptis, philodendron bark, mustard, green tea leaves, and zanthoxylum completely inhibited the aflatoxin production of A. parasiticus, however, they had little or no inhibitory effect against A. flavus.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation by a dialyzed, heat-denatured extract of plant tissues.

Preparations obtained from various plant sources were analyzed for their effect on the autoxidation of ascorbic acid and norepinephrine. The former reaction was followed by spectrophotometric detection of ascorbic acid at 265 nm, the latter one by measuring the formation of noradrenochrome at 480 nm. Extracts were prepared from Philodendron leaves and the edible portion and seeds of green peppers (Capsicum Annuum ). The tissues were minced, homogenized in 10 volumes of 16 mM Na-phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and centrifuged at 35, 000g for 30 min. The supernatant was dialyzed in 12,000 m.w. cut-off tubing, denatured in boiling water and centrifuged at 10, 000g for 10 min. Aliquots (5-50 ul) of the supernatant were assayed in 5 ml 16 mM Na-phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 100 uM ascorbate or norepinephrine. The denatured extracts had marked dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the autoxidation of ascorbic acid, with negligible influence on the formation of noradrenochrome . EDTA inhibited both reactions. The selectiveness of the extract toward the autoxidation of ascorbic acid makes it unlikely that the inhibitory effect is based on sequestering metal-ions.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Extracellular polysaccharide of Erwinia chrysanthemi CU643.

Erwinia chrysanthemi are gram-negative bacterial phytopathogens causing soft rots in a number of plants. The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by E. chrysanthemi strain CU643, pathogenic to Philodendron, has been determined using a combination of chemical and physical techniques including methylation analysis, high- and low-pressure gel-filtration and anion-exchange chromatography, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, partial acid hydrolysis, mass spectrometry, and 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopy. In contrast to the structures of the EPS reported for other strains of E. chrysanthemi, the EPS from strain CU643 is a linear polysaccharide containing L-Rhap, D-Galp, and D-GlcAp in the ratio 4:1:1. Evidence is presented for the following hexasaccharide repeat unit: -->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcAp- (1-->2)-alpha-L- Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->(1 ).

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia. Part III: neutralization of the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom.

Thirty-one of 75 extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites, had moderate or high neutralizing ability against the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom from Antioquia and Chocó, north-western Colombia. After preincubation of several doses of every extract (7.8-4000 microg/mouse) with six minimum haemorrhagic doses (10 microg) of venom, 12 of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity when the mixture was i.d. injected into mice (18-20 g). These were the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plants of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae), Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae) and Senna dariensis (Caesalpiniaceae); rhizomes of Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae); leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Philodendron tripartitum (Araceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the ripe fruits of Citrus limon (Rutaceae); leaves, branches and stem of Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae). Extracts of another 19 species showed moderate neutralization (21-72%) at doses up to 4 mg/mouse, e.g. the whole plants of Aristolochia grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae), Columnea kalbreyeriana (Gesneriaceae), Sida acuta (Malvaceae), Selaginella articulata (Selaginellaceae) and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus (Asteraceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae); the stem of Strychnos xinguensis (Loganiaceae); leaves, branches and stems of Hyptis capitata (Lamiaceae), Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae), Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae), Ocimum micranthum (Lamiaceae), Piper pulchrum (Piperaceae), Siparuna thecaphora (Monimiaceae), Castilla elastica (Moraceae) and Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae); the macerated ripe fruits of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae); the unripe fruits of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae); leaves and branches of Piper arboreum (Piperaceae) and Passiflora quadrangularis (Passifloraceae). When the extracts were independently administered by oral, i.p. or i.v. route either before or after an i.d. venom injection (10 microg), neutralization of haemorrhage dropped below 25% for all the extracts. Additionally, B. rosademonte and P. percussa extracts were able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of B. atrox venom on casein.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

In vitro screening of american plant extracts on Trypanosoma cruzi and trichomonas vaginalis.

From the beginning of this decade and with the revival of the phytotherapy, biological research about immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiprotozoal effects of Central and South American plants have been in progress. Our objective was to determine the antiprotozoal activity of 79 extracts from different plant families, including Asteraceae, Araceae, Moraceae, Solanaceae, Rhamnaceae, Zingiberaceae, Leguminosae and Sapotaceae. Once matching with herbarium specimens authenticated the plants, selected parts were separated, dried carefully and reduced to powder. Most of the screened extracts were aqueous. Two protozoa with different metabolic pathways, Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichomonas vaginalis were used as experimental models. Trypanocidal activity of plants was assayed on epimastigote cultures in liver infusion tryptose (LIT). Anti-Trichomonas activity was determined over cultures of the parasite in Diamond medium. In both cases, microscopic counting of parasites, after their incubation in the presence of different concentrations of the crude extracts, were made in order to determine the cytocidal and cytostatic activities respect to control cultures. Of the nine extracts that showed antiprotozoal activity, those from Mikania cordifolia and Philodendron bipinnatifidum were then fractionated, and again, were assayed the organic and aqueous phases obtained.

Americas↗
PubMed1991

Regulation of Alternative Pathway Activity in Plant Mitochondria : Deviations from Q-Pool Behavior during Oxidation of NADH and Quinols.

External NADH and succinate were oxidized at similar rates by soybean (Glycine max) cotyledon and leaf mitochondria when the cytochrome chain was operating, but the rate of NADH oxidation via the alternative oxidase was only half that of succinate. However, measurements of the redox poise of the endogenous quinone pool and reduction of added quinones revealed that external NADH reduced them to the same, or greater, extent than did succinate. A kinetic analysis of the relationship between alternative oxidase activity and the redox state of ubiquinone indicated that the degree of ubiquinone reduction during external NADH oxidation was sufficient to fully engage the alternative oxidase. Measurements of NADH oxidation in the presence of succinate showed that the two substrates competed for cytochrome chain activity but not for alternative oxidase activity. Both reduced Q-1 and duroquinone were readily oxidized by the cytochrome oxidase pathway but only slowly by the alternative oxidase pathway in soybean mitochondria. In mitochondria isolated from the thermogenic spadix of Philodendron selloum, on the other hand, quinol oxidation via the alternative oxidase was relatively rapid; in these mitochondria, external NADH was also oxidized readily by the alternative oxidase. Antibodies raised against alternative oxidase proteins from Sauromatum guttatum cross-reacted with proteins of similar molecular size from soybean mitochondria, indicating similarities between the two alternative oxidases. However, it appears that the organization of the respiratory chain in soybean is different, and we suggest that some segregation of electron transport chain components may exist in mitochondria from nonthermogenic plant tissues.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

The management of Elephant's Ear poisoning.

The Araceae family of plants is the major cause of symptomatic plant ingestions in some developed countries (Dieffenbachia and Philodendron) and in Zimbabwe (Elephant's Ear), especially in children. A retrospective case series was carried out to evaluate the management of poisoning due to Elephant's Ear at the largest referral hospital in Zimbabwe for the period January 1995-December 1999. The study revealed inappropriate use of antibiotics, atropine, and antihistamines in the treatment of Elephant's Ear poisoning. This article also reviews the management of poisoning due to the Araceae family of plants as exemplified by Elephant's Ear. There is a need to educate health care workers on the clinical management of Elephant's Ear poisoning especially in developing countries where there are limited resources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Poisonous plants: when they are a threat to children.

Plant toxic to humans abound in home and yard as well as open fields and woods. Only experienced botanists and serious students of edible vegetation can distinguish safely what is edible, inedible, or simply toxic. Parents should be instructed to protect their children from truly toxic household plants and train their children never to eat a plant not provided to them by someone trustworthy as edible. If a child or an adult consumes a possibly toxic plant, the regional poison center should be contacted for identification and management instructions. As with all potential poisonings, the sooner the management is initiated, the better the outcome. Adults have been seriously poisoned by confusing a toxic plant with something that they thought was edible (eg, pokeweed root for horseradish). The pediatrician's office should be a model, with only nontoxic plants on display-no dieffenbachia, peace lily, pothos, or philodendron, for example.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Contrary to the literature, vomiting is not a common manifestation associated with plant exposures.

A review of clinical toxicology references and the contemporay literature illustrates that vomiting is reported as a nearly universal symptom associatedwith exposure to cultivated and wild plants. However, the literature fails to put thesymptom of vomiting into a clinical perspectivewith regard to its frequency of occurrence. To clarify this issue a retrospective review of plant exposures was conducted. AAPCC TESS 1997-1999 was queried electronicaly to identify and extract all plant ingestion exposures where vomiting was documented as being related to the exposure. All exposures with documented ipecac syrup use were excluded. Data were stratified through the use through the use of a relational database. Plant ingestion exposures accounted for 229,538 reports and vomiting was reported in 5,917 (2.6%) of exposures. Vomiting was attributed as a related symptom in 753 different plants. It was reported once in 323 plants, 1-3 times in 495 plants (65.7%), and < or = 10 times in 657 (87.4%) of all plants in the database. Ten plants accounted for 32.3% of the reports of vomiting Philodendron, Spathiphyllum, Narcissus, Dieffenbachia, Phytolacca, Epipremnum, Euphorbia, Eucalyptus, Ficus, Hedera) and represented 1.3% of the plants associated with vomiting. Even with the most common plant exposures, vomiting is not a frequent adverse event.

Humans↗
PubMed1962

Plant dermatitis in California.

A number of plants indigenous to California can cause contact dermatitis similar to that caused by poison oak-philodendron, oleander, fig family, castor bean, chrysanthemum family, Chinese rice paper plant and several others. Patch testing can be used to prove a suspected diagnosis. In some occupations dermatitis from one or another of these agents is more or less common.

Asian People↗
PubMed1984

Practical toxicologic diagnosis.

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Plant exposures: a state profile of the most common species.

Plant exposures are the fourth most common cause of poisoning and 86% of those exposures involve the pediatric population. The large number of plant-related exposures and the lack of knowledge about plant toxicity has led to plant paranoia and considerable educational efforts to reduce the number of exposures. These efforts are often dictated by misconceptions and folklore. AAPCC TESS data on all plant exposures for the years 1985-1994 were electronically analyzed by plant species and state to establish a frequency distribution in the US. Aggregate national data was also tabulated. A total of 912,534 plant exposures were analyzed to tabulate the top 30 plant exposures for each state. Philodendron species were the most common exposures, followed by Dieffenbachia species, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Capsicum annuum and Ilex species. There were considerable differences between states relating to indoor vs outdoor plants and native vs introduced varieties. Plant exposures are common and poison information centers devote significant clinical service and educational effort to manage them and to enhance public awareness. Recognition of specific plant species and exposure frequency in a poison center region can be a basis for staff education and the development of appropriate poison prevention education brochures. This can direct better utilization of poison center's resources.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1997

Plant exposures ... a national profile of the most common plant genera.

Plant exposures are the 4th most common cause of poisoning and 85% of those exposures involve the pediatric population. The large number of plant-related exposures and the lack of knowledge about plant toxicity has led to plant paranoia and considerable educational efforts to reduce the number of exposures. These efforts are often dictated by misconceptions and folklore. American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) data on all plant exposures for the years 1985-1994 were electronically analyzed by plant genus to establish a frequency distribution of all plant exposures in the United States. A total of 912,534 plant exposure cases were analyzed to tabulate the top 100 plant exposures. Philodendron spp were the most common exposures, followed by Dieffenbachia spp, Euphorbia spp, Capsicum spp and Ilex spp. Plant exposures are very common and poison information centers devote significant clinical service and educational effort to manage these exposures and enhance the public's awareness. Awareness of specific plant species and exposure frequency in a poison center region can serve as a basis for staff education and as the cornerstone for the development of appropriate information in poison prevention and education brochures. This can direct better utilization of poison center financial resources.

Humans↗