Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pertussis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acellular pertussis diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine containing separately purified pertussis toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin and 69 kDa outer membrane protein as a booster in children.

In two double-blind, randomized, comparative studies involving a total of 218 children, an acellular pertussis (DTPa) vaccine containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis components filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertussis toxoid (PT), and 69 kDa outer membrane protein (69 kDa OMP) was administered as a booster to 17-month-old and 5-year-old children with a history of routine whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTPw) vaccination. The control groups in these studies received DTPw vaccine. Among 17-month-old toddlers, significantly lower proportions of DTPa vaccine recipients had local pain (7.3%), redness (14.5%) and swelling (9.1%) than DTPw vaccine recipients (23.6%, 30.9% and 23.6%, respectively). A trend toward fewer local reactions was also seen in 5-year-old children vaccinated with DTPa in private practice and public clinics although differences were not statistically significant. Fever (rectal temperature > or = 38 degrees C) was reported more frequently for DTPw vaccine recipients in both age groups. While no differences existed between groups in terms of geometric mean antibody titres (GMTs) prior to booster vaccination, anti-PT antibody GMTs were higher among DTPa vaccine recipients than among DTPw vaccine recipients after booster vaccination. The difference was statistically significant in 5-year-old subjects. Furthermore, significantly higher anti-FHA and anti-69 kDa OMP GMTs were seen in DTPa vaccine recipients in both age groups. In pre-vaccination seropositive subjects and in pre-vaccination seronegative subjects the rate of immune response to pertussis antigens was higher for DTPa than for DTPw vaccine recipients with the exception of the rate of response induced to 69 kDa OMP in 5-year-old children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Antibody persistence against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in 5-6-year-old children after primary vaccination and first booster with a pentavalent combined acellular pertussis vaccine: immunogenicity and tolerance of a tetravalent combined acellular pertussis vaccine given as a second booster.

UNLABELLED: The main objective of this study was to assess in 5-6-year-old French children (n=234) the persistence of antibodies induced by a primary series vaccination (at 2-4 months of age) and a first booster (at 12-16 months of age) with a pentavalent two-component acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTacP-IPV-Hib; Pentavac). The second objective was to evaluate in these 5-6-year-old French children the safety and the immunogenicity of a tetravalent acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTacP-IPV; Tetravac) given as second booster. RESULTS: Seroprotective antibody levels against diphtheria, tetanus, types 1-3 poliomyelitis and PRP were maintained 4-5 years after primary-vaccination and first booster with Pentavac. As expected, anti-PT antibodies levels were low, suggesting that children were not colonised by Bordetella pertussis. The second booster with Tetravac was well tolerated and elicited a strong booster response for all antigens. CONCLUSION: acellular pertussis combined vaccine, used in primary-vaccination, could be considered as having the same priming effect and the same efficacy as whole cell pertussis vaccine.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

Acellular pertussis vaccines: neutralization by immune sera of the lethality of pertussis toxin and viable Bordetella pertussis for chick embryos.

Vaccines containing acellular pertussis components, either separate or combined with other microbial antigens, were evaluated for specific immune responses in guinea-pigs and mice. The capacity of sera to protect chick embryos from the lethal effect of pertussis toxin was independent of the Chinese hamster ovary cell clumping neutralization titre and the antigen binding ELISA anti-toxin titre. Direct correlations did not exist between ELISA titres to Pt, FHA, fimbria or 69 kDa and capacity to prevent killing of embryos by different strains of Bordetella pertussis. With the exception of one combination vaccine product, addition of foreign microbial antigens to acellular pertussis vaccines did not significantly alter capacity of the sera to protect embryos against toxin or bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evidence of efficacy of the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine but not the Lederle whole-cell component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine against Bordetella parapertussis infection.

A subanalysis of a recent cohort efficacy trial of a pertussis vaccine was performed to determine its efficacy against cough illnesses due to Bordetella parapertussis infections. Infants received four doses of either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine or the Lederle whole-cell component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine at 3, 4.5, 6, and 15-18 months of age; controls received three doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT) vaccine only. All subjects were prospectively followed for cough illnesses of > or = 7 days' duration; cases of B. parapertussis infection were confirmed by positive culture, household contact, or serology. Seventy-six cough illnesses due to B. parapertussis were identified; 24 occurred in 929 DTaP recipients, 37 in 937 DTP recipients, and 15 in 321 DT recipients, resulting in an efficacy of 50% for DTaP vaccine (95% CI [confidence interval], 5% to 74%) and 21% for DTP vaccine (95% CI, -45% to 56%). The data in the present analysis suggest that the Lederle/Takeda DTaP vaccine but not the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine has efficacy against B. parapertussis infection.

Bordetella Infections↗
PubMed1985

Anti-pertussis toxin IgG and anti-filamentous hemagglutinin IgG production in children immunized with pertussis acellular vaccine and comparison of these titers with the sera of pertussis convalescent children.

Serum was taken from 195 infant pertussis patients several times at appropriate intervals, and antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin were evaluated by the ELISA. The geometric mean titers were low for both IgG antibodies at the onset of the disease, and rose to about 30 U/ml for both antibodies in the convalescent sera. All convalescent sera showed high titers of anti-PT IgG antibody. Paired serum samples were collected from 685 children before and four weeks after the second primary dose of immunization with the component vaccine. The titers were less than 1.0 and 1.8 U/ml for anti-PT and anti-FHA IgG, respectively for pre-immunization, and 22 and 66 U/ml for anti-PT and anti-FHA IgG, respectively for after immunization. When children six months of age were immunized with the component vaccine, good antibody responses were seen and no significant differences of antibody response by age were observed. There were 71 children who were immunized twice with the component vaccine and were considered to be exposed to infection by household members. Nine children out of 71 had weak or typical attacks of pertussis, and the attack rate was about 13% (9/71). It was concluded that the newly developed vaccine is suitable for children with respect to immunogenicity, and it was assumed that 20 to 30 ELISA U/ml of anti-PT and anti-FHA IgG is sufficient for protection from pertussis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Study of pertussis vaccines in infants: comparison of response to acellular pertussis DTP vaccines containing 25 micrograms of FHA and either 25 or 8 micrograms of PT with response to whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine.

Clinical and serological responses of infants to primary vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) vaccines containing 25 micrograms of filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) and either 25 or 8 micrograms of pertussis toxoid (PT) were compared in a double-blind randomized study with responses of infants receiving whole-cell pertussis DTP vaccine (DTPw). In total, 308 healthy infants were enrolled to receive three vaccine doses at 3, 4 and 5 months of age. DTPa recipients had significantly lower incidences of local reactions and fever than the DTPw recipients. No differences in reactogenicity were observed between DTPa groups receiving 8 and 25 micrograms doses of PT. After vaccination, an immune response to PT was seen in 96% of 25 micrograms PT DTPa recipients, 94% of DTPw recipients and 86% of 8 micrograms PT DTPa recipients. The geometric mean anti-PT neutralizing antibody titre was significantly higher for 25 micrograms PT dose recipients (34.9 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)) as compared with 8 micrograms PT dose recipients (21.0 CHO). The results support the use of the higher dose of PT in acellular pertussis vaccine preparations.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Effectiveness of a single dose of acellular pertussis vaccine to prevent pertussis in children primed with pertussis whole cell vaccine.

We estimated the protection given by one booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) given at 18 months or before school entry to children already primed with whole cell vaccine (wP). Case-control studies were conducted in these two age groups. In children who received or were eligible to receive their 18 months booster, the risk of pertussis was 1.4 and 3.6 times higher for those with 4 and 3 wP, respectively, compared to those with 3 wP + 1 aP. In 5 and 6 yr old children, the risk of pertussis among the subjects with 5 and 4 wP, was 1.4 and 2.1 times higher respectively than in those who received 4 wP + 1 aP. A single dose of aP increased the protection against pertussis and this protection was greater than that obtained with a wP booster.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of an acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 17- to 24-month-old children, with measurement of 69-kilodalton outer membrane protein antibody.

Healthy 17- to 24-month-old children, previously immunized with three doses of whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine, were enrolled in a multi-center double-blind, randomized study comparing a DTP vaccine with an acellular pertussis-component (APDT) and a conventional whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine. Thirty-eight children received APDT vaccine, and 37 children received DTP vaccine. APDT vaccine recipients had significantly less local pain and warmth than DTP vaccine recipients. Antibody responses to lymphocytosis-promoting factor were similar in the two groups. The APDT vaccine recipients had a higher IgG antibody response to filamentous hemagglutinin than the DTP vaccinees had. Equivalent agglutinin responses were seen in the two groups. The APDT vaccine recipients had a significantly better antibody re-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, than DTP vaccinees had 1 month and 1 year after immunization. This APDT vaccine was immunogenic and caused fewer local reactions than conventional DTP vaccine when administered as a fourth dose to 17- to 24-month-old children.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1991

Adverse reactions after injection of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine are not due only to pertussis organisms or pertussis components in the vaccine.

Reactions to adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine have mostly been attributed to the pertussis organisms or pertussis components in the vaccine. Nevertheless reactions may also be due to other factors such as sensitization induced by aluminium adjuvants and impurities present in crude toxoids that cannot be removed by purification of toxoids after formalinization. Aluminium compounds such as aluminium phosphate and aluminium hydroxide are the most commonly used adjuvants with vaccines for human use. Due to the increasing concern about the toxicity of aluminium, other adjuvants like calcium phosphate may be evaluated as an alternative to aluminium adjuvants. To minimize reactions after immunization with DPT vaccine due to impurities in the toxoids, the use of toxoided purified toxins is suggested.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1996

The pertussis toxin liberation genes of Bordetella pertussis are transcriptionally linked to the pertussis toxin operon.

The DNA sequence of the pertussis toxin operon (ptx) of Bordetella pertussis predicts that transcription of the operon ends downstream from the ptxS3 gene at a possible stem-loop structure. Secretion of the assembled pertussis toxin into the culture medium required the expression of 8 genes arranged in an operon (ptl) and lying 55 bp downstream from the ptx and ptl operons are cotranscribed and coregulated by the P(TOX) promoter. Deletion of the 55-bp DNA region caused an increase in the amount of the ptl transcripts. It is likely that this DNA region is involved in regulation of the ptx-pti expression.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Dose-response to acellular pertussis vaccine and comparison with whole cell pertussis vaccine at 15-24 months and 4-6 years of age. Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Study Team.

In a randomized double-blind trial 55 children of 15-24 months and 56 children of 4-6 years of age previously immunized with whole-cell DTP (WC-DTP) received acellular pertussis DTP vaccines containing 12.5 micrograms (AC-12.5) or 25 micrograms (AC-25) each of pertussis toxoid (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) per dose of WC-DTP. No differences in antibody responses or adverse events were noted for children who received AC-25 as compared with AC-12.5. All three groups had significant increases in pertussis agglutinins, but the geometric mean titre (GMT) for 4-6-year-old children who received WC-DTP was higher than the GMT for children who received acellular vaccine. No significant differences were noted in the GMT of antibodies to FHA or PT between children who received WC-DTP and recipients of acellular vaccine. The rates of several adverse reactions were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher for recipients of WC-DTP, and children given WC-DTP were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.00001) more likely to have received acetaminophen. These acellular vaccines are safe and as immunogenic for FHA and PT as WC-DTP when administered as the fourth or fifth dose to children who received three doses of WC-DTP in infancy. The lower (12.5 micrograms) dose of acellular vaccine was as effective as the higher (25 micrograms) dose in inducing antibodies to FHA and PT in children 15-24 months and 4-6 years of age.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Isotype and antigen specificity of pertussis agglutinins following whole-cell pertussis vaccination and infection with Bordetella pertussis.

Elevated agglutinin titers have been shown to correlate with protection from disease following whole-cell pertussis vaccination, but the isotype and antigen specificity of human agglutinating antibodies is unknown. In 13 immunoassays, immunoglobulin G antifimbria antibodies had the strongest correlation with agglutinin titers following culture-proven infection with Bordetella pertussis (R' = 0.79; P < 0.0001) and following whole-cell pertussis vaccination (R' = 0.87, P < 0.0001).

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2005

[Molecular genetic characteristics of the B. pertussis strains isolated in different periods of the pertussis epidemic process].

Despite the fact that the mass immunization of the children population with the DPTs vaccine has been carried out in the Russian Federation since 1959, the pertussis infection persists to be one of the pressing problems for the children population. Although the vaccination coverage of the children population with pertussis vaccines is high in Russia, at present time the pertussis incidence rates are increasing among schoolchildren and remain high among infants younger than 12 months old. Many researchers believe that the variability of the genetic structure of the pertussis causative agent may be one of the causes of increasing pertussis incidence rates. This investigation provides the molecular genetic characteristics of 97 B. pertussis strains isolated in pertussis patients in Moscow in different periods of pertussis epidemic process since the 1950s up to present time. It shows the changes in the structures of genes, which are encoding the main protective antigens of the pertussis microbe that are the pertussis toxin (ptxS1) and the pertactin (pm). The structurre of the ptxS1 and pm gene of the B. pertussis vaccine strains was compared with the structures of these genes in the B. pertussis strains isolated from the pertussis patients at present time and also in past years. All B. pertussis strains isolated in the prevaccination period (1948-1959) and most strains (95%) isolated during the first twenty years of the mass immunization in Russia are characterized by the presence of the so called "vaccine" alleles of the pertussis toxin and pertactin genes that are ptxS1 B or ptxS1 D and pm 1 alleles that corresponds to the genetic structure of the vaccine producing strains. In the early 1970s the B. pertussis strains of another toxin and pertactin genetic structures with so-called "non-vaccinal" alleles ptxS1 A and pm 3 (pm 2 since 1980s) began to appear. The B. pertussis strains with "non-vaccinal" alleles have completely displaced the "old" strains. At present time in Moscow the pertussis disease is caused by the B. pertussis strains bearing ptxS1 A and pm 2 or pm 3 alleles of pertussis toxin and pertactin genes. There was no correlation between the genotype and serotype. Thus, the structure of the B. pertussis toxin and pertactin genes in strains which have been isolated since the 1980s up to now differs from the structure of these genes in strains which are used for producing DPTs vaccine. The data obtained in this investigation suggest that the genetic structure specificity of circulating B. pertussis strains that are producing the disease at present time should be used as one of the criteria for selecting vaccine producing strains.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of Bordetella pertussis pertactin and pertussis toxin types from Queensland, Australia, 1999-2003.

BACKGROUND: In Australia two acellular Bordetella pertussis vaccines have replaced the use of a whole cell vaccine. Both of the licensed acellular vaccines contain the following three components; pertussis toxoid, pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin and the 69 kDa pertactin adhesin. One vaccine also contains pertussis fimbriae 2 and 3. Various researchers have postulated that herd immunity due to high levels of pertussis vaccination might be influencing the makeup of endemic B. pertussis populations by selective pressure for strains possessing variants of these genes, in particular the pertactin gene type. Some publications have suggested that B. pertussis variants may be contributing to a reduced efficacy of the existing vaccines and a concomitant re-emergence of pertussis within vaccinated populations. This study was conducted to survey the pertactin and pertussis toxin subunit 1 types from B. pertussis isolates in Queensland, Australia following the introduction of acellular vaccines. METHODS: Forty-six B. pertussis isolates recovered from Queensland patients between 1999 and 2003 were examined by both DNA sequencing and LightCycler real time PCR to determine their pertactin and pertussis toxin subunit 1 genotypes. RESULTS: Pertactin typing showed that 38 isolates possessed the prn1 allele, 3 possessed the prn2 allele and 5 possessed the prn3 allele. All forty-six isolates possessed the pertussis toxin ptxS1A genotype. Amongst the circulating B. pertussis population in Queensland, 82.5% of the recovered clinical isolates therefore possessed the prn1/ptxS1A genotype. CONCLUSION: The results of this study compared to historical research on Queensland isolates suggest that B. pertussis pertactin and pertussis toxin variants are not becoming more prevalent in Queensland since the introduction of the acellular vaccines. Current prevalences of pertactin variants are significantly different to that described in a number of other countries with high vaccine coverage. Relative paucity of recovered isolates compared to notified infections, due primarily to non culture based pertussis diagnostics is however a confounding factor in the assessment of variant prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Clinical and epidemiological picture of B pertussis and B parapertussis infections after introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines.

AIMS: To investigate the clinical picture and frequency of Bordetella pertussis and B parapertussis infections after introduction of acellular pertussis (acP) vaccines in Germany. METHODS: Prospective surveillance for B pertussis and B parapertussis in 14 144 toddlers. Pertussis vaccination coverage was 86%, either with acP (75%) or whole cell pertussis (wcP) vaccine (11%). All children presenting with cough for more than seven days were examined for B pertussis and B parapertussis by culture, PCR, and serology (for cough duration > or =21 days). RESULTS: There were 180 Bordetella infections; 116 (64%) were caused by B pertussis and 64 (36%) by B parapertussis. Incidence rates were 4.8 and 2.8 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Paroxysmal cough, post-tussive whooping, and vomiting > or = 21 days was found in 53%, 22%, and 8% of all B pertussis cases and in 22%, 5%, and 0% of all B parapertussis cases, respectively. A total of 81/116 (70%) B pertussis cases and 56/64 (87.5%) B parapertussis cases had received at least one dose of pertussis vaccine. Typical pertussis with paroxysmal cough > or = 21 days was present in 29/35 (83%) unvaccinated B pertussis cases, in contrast to 33/81 (41%) vaccinated B pertussis cases. CONCLUSION: Following the increase of pertussis vaccination coverage, we observed a relative increase of B parapertussis cases in comparison to B pertussis cases. In vaccinated children B pertussis disease frequently presented as a mild disease, clinically difficult to distinguish from diseases associated with coughing caused by B parapertussis and other viral or bacterial infections.

Bordetella Infections↗
PubMed2004

An evaluation of serious neurological disorders following immunization: a comparison of whole-cell pertussis and acellular pertussis vaccines.

Serious neurological disorders reported following whole-cell pertussis in comparison to acellular pertussis vaccines were evaluated. The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) was analyzed for Emergency Department (ED) visits, life-threatening reactions, hospitalizations, disabilities, deaths, seizures, infantile spasms, encephalitis/encephalopathy, autism, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and speech disorders reported with an initial onset of symptoms within 3 days following whole-cell pertussis and acellular pertussis vaccines among those residing in the US from 1997 to 1999. Controls were employed to evaluate potential biases in VAERS. Evaluations as to whether whole-cell and acellular vaccines were administered to populations of similar age and sex were undertaken because these factors might influence the study's results. Statistical increases were observed for all events examined following whole-cell pertussis vaccination in comparison to acellular pertussis vaccination, excepting cerebellar ataxia. Reporting biases were minimal in VAERS, and whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines were administered to populations of similar age and sex. Biologic mechanisms for the increased reactogenicity of whole-cell pertussis vaccines may stem from the fact that whole-cell pertussis vaccines contain 3,000 different proteins, whereas DTaP contains two to five proteins. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine contains known neurotoxins including: endotoxin, pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase. Our results, and conclusions by the US Institute of Medicine, suggest an association between serious neurological disorders and whole-cell pertussis immunization. In light of the presence of a safer and at least equally efficacious acellular pertussis vaccine alternative, the Japanese and US switch to using acellular pertussis vaccine seems well justified. Other countries using whole-cell pertussis-containing vaccines should consider following suite in the near future.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗