Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Personal utility”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

A joint practice council in action.

A nurse/physician joint practice council, patterned after the activities and recommendations of the National Joint Practice Commission, was developed at a community hospital to provide a forum for nurse-physician dialogue regarding roles and practice issues. Clear objectives, good communications, utilization of resource persons, and equal physician and nurse representation and critical elements of the council's success. In operation, the council's focus is evolving from conflict resolution to a medium for planning and implementing change.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1979

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in predicting response to pharmacotherapy of neurotic outpatients.

The utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in predicting treatment response to pharmacotherapy for a group of 54 anxious and 43 depressed outpatients was examined. Discriminant function analyses using the MMPI scales were conducted on groups of improved and unimproved patients. Several significant function, as well as zero-order, differences were found. In general, improved patients scored significantly lower on scales reflecting depression and obsessive-compulsive or schizoid tendencies. They also obtained lower scores on scales measuring interpersonal sensitivity and suggestive of character traits such as low frustration tolerance, impulsivity, and resentment toward authority figures. Additional analyses in which several different profile types were compared for treatment outcome revealed few differences among groups.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Comparing the medical utilization and expenditures of low income health plan enrollees with Medicaid recipients and with low income enrollees having Medicaid eligibility.

The study examines the medical care (hospital, physician, drug, diagnostic) utilization and expenditures of low income persons enrolled in a prepaid health plan with a matched group of Medicaid recipients. The study also examines the medical care utilization of low income persons enrolled in a prepaid health plan with a similar group of low income persons enrolled in the health plan but also eligible for Medicaid benefits. Utilization and population-at-risk data were obtained from the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program of Portland, Oregon and from the State of Oregon Welfare Division. A hypothesis of lower hospital utilization by low income enrollees compared with Medicaid recipients was accepted. A hypothesis of higher ambulatory care utilization was accepted for diagnostic procedures and prescription use, but rejected for office visit utilization. An analysis of the findings appeared to implicate the Medicaid program for differences observed. The hypotheses of no significant differences in inpatient and ambulatory medical care utilization of low income health plan enrollees with and without Medicaid eligibility were generally rejected. Low income enrollees with concurrent Medicaid had consistently higher utilization rates for all services resulting in substantially higher medical care expenditures per person. The findings appear to contribute some useful information to planning or establishing policy for Medicaid Prepayment programs or other programs enrolling low income persons in prepaid health plans or HMOs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding the effects of child abuse.

Child abuse is one of the difficult social phenomena with which the technologist directly deals as a part of his professional responsibilities. To be able to respond to all of the child's needs, radiologic technologists need to understand not only the physical effects, but also the psychological effects of the child. Understanding also helps the technologist deal with his own feelings when interacting with either the abused child or the child's parents. The Draw-A-Person test (DAP) was utilized in this study to illustrate visually the effect of abuse on the child's self-image. The subsequent personality characteristics of these children include low self-esteem, withdrawal, extreme forms of impulse control, and self-destructive behavior. Using the DAP, the abused child's self-portrait frequently showed body distortion, lack of detailing and poor sexual identification. In addition, the personality pattern of abusing parents was found to have many of the same characteristics as the personalities of abused children, because many times abusing parents were themselves abused as children.

Child↗
PubMed1977

MMPI identification of nonrehabilitants among disabled veterans.

Utilized the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) with IQ scores and selected biographic data to identify drop-outs in a Veterans Administration vocational rehabilitation program. Subjects were 61 male disabled veterans. Data were collected at VA Hospital Richmond, Virginia, between September 1973 and September 1974. Follow-up six months after entrance into training utilized persistence in training or employment as success criteria. Multivariate analysis identified 32 of 33 successful and 25 of 28 unsuccessful subjects with p less than .001. Factor analysis of the best predictors identified MMPI Psychopathic deviate (Pd) Hypomania (Ma), and Lie (L) scales which was interpreted to be a social adjustment factor. Four other factors were identified. Results indicated the MMPI was a useful instrument in the identification of disabled veterans who were likely to experience difficulty in post-hospital vocational rehabilitation.

Acting Out↗
PubMed2026

Polygenic risk scores and lifestyle factors predicting new onset of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese general population.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association of polygenic risk scores (PRS) and lifestyle factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus development in Japanese populations and evaluated whether PRS can improve diabetes risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study using the Shika resident cohort (n = 895) and the Toshiba worker cohort (n = 7019), respectively. Participants were categorized into low, intermediate, and high genetic risk groups using PRS constructed with genome-wide association study data from East Asian populations. We defined diabetes based on hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, self-reported diagnosis, or medication use. The associations of PRS and lifestyle factors with diabetes development were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Higher PRS were associated with increased diabetes risk in both cohorts (resident cohort: odds ratio 4.51, 95% CI 2.53-8.04; worker cohort: hazard ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.23-1.83 for high vs low PRS), which remained consistent across age, body mass index, and comorbidities. Regular exercise, absence of hypertension, and absence of dyslipidemia were associated with lower diabetes risk, particularly in the high PRS group. The addition of PRS to conventional prediction models improved the discrimination of diabetes risk. MAIN CONCLUSION: PRS are associated with diabetes risk in Japanese general populations, independent of traditional risk factors. Nonetheless, healthy lifestyle habits may reduce diabetes risk even among genetically susceptible individuals, which support the utility of PRS for personalized diabetes risk assessment and prevention strategies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Soluble milk protein concentrates, casecites, for infant and dietetic nutrition].

A soluble form of caseins, so-called casecites for an infant and dietetic nutrition, is obtained from separated milk by way of solving casein through using freshly precipitated lactic acid terment of 0.1 n HCl, mixed with solts-solvents. The lactoproteinic concentrates-casecites have an elevated biological value, called forth by the content of large amounts (80.0 per cent) of complete lactic protein, the presence of citrate-ions, forming as a physiologically active additive, balanced most important mineral elements. A minimal (not more than 2.0 per cent) of the lactose content in casecites enables the latter to be utilized for nutrition of persons suffering from lactose intolerance as well as to orientally regulate the carbohydrate composition of the products obtained on their basis.

Caseins↗
PubMed1978

Insurance coverage and access: implications for health policy.

Data are presented from a recent survey of the United States population comparing the characteristics and levels of access to medical care of persons under 65 years who have group or individual private health insurance, public health insurance, or no third-party coverage. The uninsured group appeared to fall between the privately insured and publicly insured groups on measures of social and economic status. Persons with publicly subsidized forms of insurance coverage utilized services at the highest rates, and uninsured persons used them at the lowest rates. Neither of these groups was as satisfied with the convenience or the quality of the care it obtained as the privately insured group. Implications of these findings for national health insurance and other health policy initiatives are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hospitalization of the elderly patient for acute illness.

There is a paucity of studies on the characteristics of elderly patients who are admitted for treatment of acute disorders, even though their utilization of hospitals is high. This study involved 828 older persons admitted to a general hospital during a period of six months, for the treatment of acute illness. The typical patient appeared to be a woman in her 70's who entered the medical department because of a cardiovascular or a gastrointestinal disturbance, stayed no longer than 10 days, and returned home to live with her spouse. Though such a person apparently needed minimal assistance in readjusting successfully to the community, there were some exceptions, especially among those who had been living alone or with persons other than a spouse. There was minimal utilization of professional services that might help to assure an optimal post-hospital readjustment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The predictive utility of the orthopedic examination in identifying the low back pain patient with hysterical personality features.

Physical examination of the patient with low back pain routinely includes a number of tests which are useful clinically to the orthopedist as suggestive of the presence of hysteria or malingering. These include tests of light touch differences medially and laterally in the same foot or leg, vibratory sensation in the lower extremities, forward flexion, straight-leg raising differences between the supine and sitting positions, and the Burns' bench test. The present study examined the specific predictive utility of these tests individually and as a composite battery in identifying low back pain patients with hysterical personality features. Twenty-five postoperative lumbar laminectomy and diskectomy patients were administered the MMPI and evaluated by physical examination. Silight to moderate correlations were found for each of the subtests with a Composite Hysteria Index derived from the MMPI. The predictability was improved by the use of a weighted combination of the individual tests obtained by multiple regression analysis. The results lend empirical support to: the predictive value of these clinical tests in definitively identifying 60% of those low back pain patients with hysterical personality features; decision rules for use in clinical practice were also developed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An analysis of the causes of increases in Medicaid payments, New Jersey, 1970-74.

An examination of the causes of the increases in payments made for 9 of the 17 health services provided by the New Jersey Medicaid program during calendar years 1970-74 revealed that most of the overall increase occurred because of an increase in utilization, followed by increases in prices and the number of eligible persons. An analysis of the annual rates of change for each of the three factors showed that price changes did not conform to any discernible pattern, while most of the increase in eligible persons plus a substantial amount of the increase in utilization occurred during 1970-71. The findings suggest that Medicaid payments will continue to increase in the future. However, because of uncertainty about the magnitude of price and utilization changes, coupled with uncertainty about whether the Medicaid umbrella will be expanded, as it was most recently by the 1972 Amendments to the Social Security Act, no definitive conclusions were reached about the size of future increases in Medicaid payments.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Toward applying cognitive skill training to memory problems.

Four elements of a successful program of cognitive skill training for the elderly include: (a) the use of mnemonic aids for the memorization of new information; (b) the development of motivational techniques to enhance attention to materials and maintenance of cognitive skills acquired through training; (c) the design of techniques which utilize individual differences in abilities, personality, and cognitive style to enhance individual programs of cognitive skill training; and (d) the use of appropriate medical and/or psychiatric care when necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Determinants of three stages of delay in seeking care at a medical clinic.

Factors affecting delay were studied in patients seeking treatment for the first time for a particular symptom at clinics in a major, innercity hospital. On the basis of the patients' retrospective report, the total time from first noticing a symptom to the seeking of treatment was divided into three sequential stages: 1) appraisal delay--the time the patient takes to appraise a symptom as a sign of illness; 2) illness delay--the time taken from deciding one is ill until deciding to seek professional medical care; and 3) utilization delay--the time from the decision to seek care until the patient goes to the clinic and uses its services. The variables used to predict the length of delay for each of the three stages and for total delay included reports on concrete, sensory perceptions and abstract, conceptual beliefs about one's symptoms, behavioral factors such as strategies for self-appraisal and techniques for coping with illness, emotional reactions, negative imagery elicited by the illness threat, situational barriers, and socio-demographic factors. Patients experiencing a very painful symptom and patients who did not read about their symptom had a short appraisal delay. Patients with old symptoms and those who imagined possible, severe consequences of their illness had long illness delays. Utilization delay was shortest for persons who were not concerned about the cost of treatment, who had a painful symptom, and who were certain that their symptom could be cured. Patients who had short total delays were persons who did not have a competing personal problem and who had a painful symptom. All of these predictors were significantly correlated with the measure of delay at or beyond the p = .01 level. It was concluded that different factors mediate delay in each of the three stages and that studies which use only a single measure of total delay are likely to be of limited value in understanding delay.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1978

Alcoholic MMPI subtypes. Relationship to drinking styles, benefits, and consequences.

The present study was designed, first, to attempt to replicate the previously derived Goldstein and Linden Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory alcoholic personality subtypes, and second, to relate these personality patterns to a multidimensional measure of alcohol usage. Two of the previously obtained profile types were replicated through two independent cluster analytic procedures. These subtypes were defined as psychopathic and neurotic-depressive, respectively. Higher levels of drinking-related impairment were associated with anxiety and depression, while lower levels of impairment were related to psychopathic features among patients hospitalized primarily for alcoholism. However, relatively heterogeneous, distinctive configurations of reported drinking benefits, styles, and consequences were found across the Goldstein-Linden subtypes. Methodological factors potentially contributing to the failure to replicate two of the previously derived subtypes were discussed. The potential therapeutic utility of a multivariate classification of personality functioning and the use of a multidimensional assessment of alcohol usage within alcoholic populations was also discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

The family therapy of attempted suicide.

Suicidal behavior is a multidetermined act based upon a variety of factors among which family tensions and patterns of interaction predominate. Family therapy, nevertheless, is underutilized for suicidal situations because too few practitioners possess the requisite skills in both suicidology and family treatment. This paper attempts to integrate the two fields, describes some assessment procedures, and presents an account of the method of family therapy utilized by the author with suicidal persons. The basic goals of therapy are to help initiate and to catalyze a healing process that will enable the participants to accept changes in both individual and family existence; to decrease the amount of destructive family interaction; to deal with the inevitable anxiety that accompanies growth and development; to make contact with and among the family members; and to provide hope.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The role of physical activity in the control of obesity.

An exercise programme is an important part of the management of the obese patient. Exercise may increase both the specific dynamic action of food and the post-exercise metabolic rate, in addition to its direct caloric cost. Moderate daily exercise aids regulation of the appetite and may reduce the voluntary caloric intake of otherwise sedentary persons. Post-prandial activity may utilize more calories; therefore an adequate breakfast and avoidance of late night eating may be effective in weight control. A better tolerated and more nutritious diet may be allowed, and lean body weight better preserved, by combining exercise with a dietary programme. Regular exercise may also reduce some of the more serious life-threatening complications of obesity and poor dietary habits, allowing greater freedom in the pursuit of other pleasures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Prognostic and predictive value of HRD in early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).

This review explores the emerging role of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) as both a prognostic and predictive biomarker in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). HRD arises from the defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination, resulting in genomic instability and increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents such as platinum compounds. The review outlines the biological basis of HRD, including genomic signatures such as loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transitions, and highlights its prevalence in TNBC compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Clinical trials have shown that HRD-positive patients often achieve higher pathological complete response rates and improved disease-free survival when treated with chemotherapy. However, conflicting evidence across trials underscores the need for more reliable and standardized methods for HRD assessment. The review also explores the therapeutic potential of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in TNBC, particularly in BRCA-mutated or HRD-positive tumors. Agents such as olaparib, talazoparib, and niraparib have demonstrated promising efficacy in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings with some trials suggesting that selected patients may avoid chemotherapy. Furthermore, HRD-positive tumors are characterized by increased genomic instability and a higher neoantigen burden, promoting immune cell infiltration, particularly of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which may enhance responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Overall, current evidence supports the role of HRD as a promising biomarker in TNBC. However, further research is required to refine its clinical utility and to integrate HRD testing into personalized treatment strategies, especially in combination with emerging therapies such as immunotherapy.

Humans↗