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Results for “Personal Autonomy”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority and personal autonomy.

Conceptions of parental authority and ratings of adolescent-parent conflict were assessed in 68 sixth, eighth, and tenth graders and their parents. Boundaries of adolescent personal jurisdiction and conflict over these boundaries were examined. Participants judged the legitimacy of parental authority and rated the frequency and intensity of conflict regarding 24 hypothetical moral, conventional, personal, multifaceted (e.g., containing conventional and personal components), prudential, and friendship issues. Adolescents and parents agreed that parents should retain authority regarding moral and conventional issues. Parents treated multifaceted, friendship, prudential, and personal issues as more contingent on parental authority than did adolescents, based on conventional, prudential, and psychological reasons, whereas adolescents treated these issues as under personal jurisdiction, based on personal concerns. Personal reasoning and judgments increased with age. Multifaceted issues were discussed more than all other issues, but moral and conventional conflicts were more intense than all other conflicts. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on parental authority and adolescent-parent conflict during adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The specificity of sociotropy-autonomy personality dimensions to depression vs. anxiety.

Previous cognitive vulnerability studies have identified sociotropy/dependency as a personality characteristic related to depression. We evaluated sociotropy in differential prediction of depression vs. anxiety. Participants (70 females, 42 males) were tested on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at two points in time (T1 and T2), separated by an interval of 4 weeks. The Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) was administered at T1. Sociotropy was related moderately to the BDI at T1 and T2, but also to the BAI. Autonomy was related to neither. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found sociotropy to predict anxiety at T2, but not depression. The issue of cognitive vulnerability marker specificity is discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2002

Children by choice: reproductive technologies and the boundaries of personal autonomy.

Unlike other countries that regulate assisted reproduction, the US has largely left this field to the domain of professional self-regulation and market preferences. The reason lies both in the confused jurisprudence of reproductive liberty and the paralysing effect of the abortion debate on US politics. The debate surrounding cloning, however, has galvanized both activists and the government to revisit the question of regulation, and recent cases in the US Supreme Court suggest that if the political will to regulate this field is found, governmental authority to intervene in areas such as pre-implantation diagnosis, gamete donation and surrogacy might well be upheld, even in the face of constitutional challenges.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1998

Transfusion-free treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses: respecting the autonomous patient's rights.

Do six million Jehovah's Witnesses mean what they say? Muramoto's not-so-subtle proposition is that they don't, because of a system of control akin to the Orwellian "thought police". My response is that the fast developing cooperative relationship between our worldwide community and the medical profession as a whole, and the proven record of that community's steadfast integrity in relation to their Christian principles is the evidence that we do! I seek to highlight the inaccuracy of information, which Muramoto admits came largely from dis-enchanted ex-members, by quoting "established" medical ethical opinion that refusal of blood transfusions must be respected as evidence of patient autonomy. Personal experience of my work on hospital liaison committees for Jehovah's Witnesses is reviewed and I endeavour to prove that our view of blood, and its association with life, goes to the very core of the human psyche. Lastly I suggest that faith transcends rationality. Human beings are more than just minds! Our deep moral sense and consciousness that our dignity is diminished by living our lives solely on the "self interest" principle, lies at the heart of true personal autonomy. Maybe it's a case of "two men looking through the same bars: one seeing mud, the other stars".

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2001

Physical exercise and the prevention of disability in activities of daily living in older persons with osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: The prevention of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) may prolong older persons' autonomy (older persons are defined in this study as those aged > or =60 years). However, proved preventive strategies for ADL disability are lacking. A sedentary lifestyle is an important cause of disability. This study examines whether an exercise program can prevent ADL disability. METHODS: A 2-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial was conducted in which participants were assigned to an aerobic exercise program, a resistance exercise program, or an attention control group. Of the 439 community-dwelling persons aged 60 years or older with knee osteoarthritis originally recruited, the 250 participants initially free of ADL disability were used for this study. Incident ADL disability, defined as developing difficulty in transferring from a bed to a chair, eating, dressing, using the toilet, or bathing, was assessed quarterly during 18 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of ADL disability was lower in the exercise groups (37.1%) than in the attention control group (52.5%) (P =.02). After adjustment for demographics and baseline physical function, the relative risk of incident ADL disability for assignment to exercise was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.85; P =.006). Both exercise programs prevented ADL disability; the relative risks were 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.97; P =.04) for resistance exercise and 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.85; P =.009) for aerobic exercise. The lowest ADL disability risks were found for participants with the highest compliance to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic and resistance exercise may reduce the incidence of ADL disability in older persons with knee osteoarthritis. Exercise may be an effective strategy for preventing ADL disability and, consequently, may prolong older persons' autonomy.

Activities of Daily Living↗