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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Ketamine for pediatric cardiac anesthesia.

Eighty-five patients ranging from 12 h to 7 years of age were included in this study. In the first group 35 cases received ketamine, gallamine and oxygen for surgery on the great vessels. Ketamine provided satisfactory analgesia and amnesia. Heart rate did not change significantly. Gallamine gave additional safety in the prevention of bradycardia. One hundred per cent oxygen increased oxygen saturation and made more oxygen available for the tissues. The combination secured favorable conditions even in cases of sevre right to left shunt. Seven patients developed some degree of bradycardia, requiring treatment. All but one responded to epinephrime infusion. The one who did not improve died on the table. There were 6 additional deaths during the first 48 postoperative hours. Fifty infants and children received pentobarbital and morphine premedication and ketamine, pancuronium, nitrous-oxide oxygen anesthesia for open heart surgery. Cardiovascular stability with good operating conditions characterized the course of anesthesia. The increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate was small after induction. Further changes in these parameters during anesthesia were statistically insignificant. Perfusion pressure during cardio-pulmonary bypass was well maintained. The addition of 50 per cent nitrous oxide to inhaled oxygen significantly potentiated the duration of hypnosis and analgesia proved by ketamine. Mechanical ventilation was facilitated in both groups by the analgesia extending well into the postoperative period. There were 6 deaths in the first 48 postoperative hours in this group. The state of consciousness at the end of anesthesia and postoperative conditions of all 85 patients were comparable with that found with other agents. The techniques described provided suitable alternatives to the anesthetic management pediatric cardiac surgery.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1978

Anesthesia for small animal pediatric and geriatric patients. I. Anesthesia for small animal pediatric patients.

Anesthetic management of the pediatric patient is a challenge which can give rise to a most rewarding anesthetic management if one takes into consideration the normal physiological function of the pediatric patient. One should choose the appropriate medications which may safely be administered to an animal of this age. Control of anesthesia through the use of appropriate anesthetic equipment and the use of appropriate monitoring will aid safe management. The selection of adjunct medications can achieve control of complications and aid ultimate uncomplicated recovery.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1976

[Neuroleptanalgesia as the anesthesia in pediatric surgery].

In work carried out over a period of two years in the department of anesthetics and intensive care of the Saint-Etienne University Hospital, the authors report their experience of neuroleptanalgesia using droperidol-dextromoramide in children in 104 cases. The observations may be divided up into 2 groups: - 1 group of children below the age of 2 years; - 1 group of children from 2 to 10 years. This study showed the side-effects and complications common to both groups, in particular, the extrapyramidal syndrome. Furthermore, the authors present their technique of administration.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An infant circuit with a water vaporizer warmed by carbon dioxide neutralization.

A pediatric anesthesia system was constructed by connecting the machine end of a modified Mapleson D system to a soda lime canister containing a water vaporizer heated through the reaction of neutralization of the lime by the CO2 emerging from the breathing tube. The vaporizer was placed in line with the fresh-gas delivery tube of the circuit. The humidity output of the system varied from 15 +/- 1 mg H2O/L with a CO2 output of 15 ml/L to 27 +/- 1.5 mg H2O/L with a CO2 output of 60 ml/min. Rebreathing of CO2 was within acceptable limits as long as fresh-gas inflow remained at 5 L/min. The system compares favorably in respect to its humidity output with all other circuits availabe on the market for pediatric anesthesia.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1979

[Pediatric ECG monitoring. 2,500 pediatric patients under anaesthesia (author's transl)].

The authors report 98 cases of cardiac arrhythmia observed in the course of 2,500 pediatric anesthesias performed with constant electrocardiographic monitoring. The patients, aged 0 to 18 years, were in most cases healthy. Anesthesia was performed by different techniques for both surgical and non-surgical interventions for a variety of conditions, both serious and routine. Other than 3 cases of cardiac arrest (1 death) cardiac arrhythmias usually followed a benign course without hemodynamic repercussions. The authors emphasize the value of early detection of cardiac arrhythmias as well as vigorous treatment of predisposing conditions such as inadequate ventilation, acidosis and pain. The absence of correlation between the degree of rick, as estimated preoperatively (related to patient or procedure risk factors), and the frequency of occurrence seems to point to the value of more widespread use of ECG monitoring of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia.

Adolescent↗