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PubMed1993

Drug-induced parotitis.

Drug-induced parotitis is a relatively uncommon adverse drug reaction. Most of the data on drug-induced parotitis consist of isolated case reports with few attempts at rechallenge to confirm the aetiology. Phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone have a significant number of reports suggesting that these drugs may be implicated in causing parotitis. Antipsychotics, particularly thioridazine, have been associated with parotitis. Most of these reports relate the anticholinergic oral drying as a predisposing factor in the development of a parotid gland infection. There is inadequate literature on the histamine (H2) receptor blockers, interferon-alpha, doxycycline, trimipramine, nifedipine, methyldopa, nitrofurantoin, nicardipine, isoproterenol or ritodrine to link them as aetiological agents in the development of parotitis.

Antipsychotic Agents↗

PubMed2004

Chronic parotitis: not another SPINKosis.

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatitis and parotitis share several etiological, pathohistological and functional similarities. It arose from recent pancreatitis research that some cases of chronic pancreatitis are associated with mutations of the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type-1 (SPINK1). We tested the hypothesis that the pancreatitis-associated N34S mutation of SPINK1 is also a risk factor for chronic parotitis. METHODS: Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate SPINK1 transcription in the parotid gland. Forty-five blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues with chronic parotitis of unknown cause were analyzed for the SPINK1-N34S mutation. RESULTS: The SPINK1 gene is transcribed in the parotid gland. Two of the 45 patients (4.4%) with chronic parotitis carried the N34S mutation heterozygously. Of 82 healthy blood donors, 3 subjects (3.7%) were identified as carrying this mutation heterozygously (p = 0.83). CONCLUSION: The SPINK1-N34S mutation is not associated with chronic parotitis.

Carrier Proteins↗

PubMed2006

[The assessment of intravital staining of parotic gland using methylene blue in the surgery of benign gland tumors--preliminary report].

INTRODUCTION: The operation of parotic gland tumors are challenge for the surgeon. The main aim of these operations is tumor removal and facial nerve preservation. Despite of imaging examinations, showing the localization of the tumor, it's important for surgeon to have the opportunity to discriminate between tumor and normal parotic gland tissue during the operation, e.g. in color difference. Methylene blue (MB) has been used in intravital staining of various tissues for a long time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the study was an attempt of intravital staining of parotic gland, using MB during the surgery of five benign gland tumors. RESULTS: In all cases parenchyma of the parotic gland was dark-blue stained and in all cases, while the tumor didn't show any staining. CONCLUSIONS: Using of MB may be useful in the surgery of parotic gland.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[The results of an immunoepidemiological examination of foci of epidemic parotitis].

The immunoepidemiological survey of 54 foci of epidemic parotitis showed that the epidemiological effectiveness index at preschool institutions, equal to 2.7, was essentially higher than at schools (2.1). The significant difference (t = 3.35) in the epidemiological effectiveness indices was due to the presence of a large number of persons having had inapparent and faintly pronounced forms of epidemic parotitis among school children, as well as due to more close contacts of children with the foci of infection at preschool institutions. The study showed that among children immunized with some lots of parotitis vaccine elevated morbidity in epidemic parotitis was registered. In the foci of infection children, immunized in the presence of low initial titers of specific hemagglutinins in their sera, responded by a booster effect with different duration of stimulation of antibody formation. The hemagglutinin titer of 1:20 was shown to protect children from epidemic parotitis.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of parotitis virus, isolated in Siberia].

Two strains of parotitis virus were isolated from patients with clinical symptoms of the disease in epidemiological screening which was carried out during an outbreak of epidemic parotitis in the village of Koltsovo in 1994. The strains were isolated from the saliva of children aged 7 and 8 years vaccinated with live parotitis vaccine at the age of 1.5 years. Primers for the genome site coding for the gene F terminal and the SH gene (a total of 509 n. p.) were estimated and synthesized and the site was amplified. Electron-microscopic examination of purified virus and Vero cells infected with it and serological tests showed a similarity of the newly isolated virus with the Anders strain of parotitis virus. The Dragun-1 and Dragun-2 strains of parotitis virus have been deposited in the collection of viruses at the Vektor State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in the village of Koltsovo, Novosibirsk district.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Neonatal suppurative parotitis: a study of five cases.

UNLABELLED: Suppurative parotitis is uncommon in newborns. During a 9-year study period, five cases of neonatal suppurative parotitis were detected in 3,624 hospital admissions. The relative risk of developing neonatal suppurative parotitis in admitted infants was 5.52 (0.62-49.35). Staphylococcus aureus was the causative organism most commonly detected in the hospital-acquired cases. Antimicrobial therapy was effective in all cases; surgery was not required. CONCLUSION: Although neonatal suppurative parotitis is now uncommon in the newborn, it cannot be considered a "vanishing disease".

Cross Infection↗

PubMed2001

Tuberculous parotitis: report of 3 cases.

Tuberculous parotitis, particularly the diffuse form, is rare. I describe here three patients with diffuse tuberculous parotitis, two of whom presented with unilateral parotid swelling while the third had swellings of both glands. All had discharging sinuses. In two of the patients, the parotitis was associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis. In the patient with bilateral parotitis, the disease seemed to be confined to the glands. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by the finding of tubercle bacilli in the lesion or the sputum. They all responded well to standard antituberculous drugs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

New insights into juvenile parotitis.

AIM: We inquired about the possibility of a familial trend in juvenile parotitis and evaluated the role of SPINK1 mutations in juvenile parotitis. METHODS: The clinical records of all children admitted to the Helsinki University Hospital during 1995 to May 2003 because of swelling in the parotid gland were reviewed. A questionnaire on possible recurrences and on familial cases was mailed. As disturbances in trypsin inhibition might be involved in the pathogenesis, we assessed the SPINK1 gene encoding for Kazal-type trypsin inhibitor in voluntary patients. The study group comprised 133 children (boys 82 girls 51) with juvenile parotitis. The median age at presentation of first symptoms was 6.0 y (range 1-19 y). RESULTS: Recurrent symptoms in the parotid gland were common (57%), and 29% of the children (38/133) had suffered from four or more episodes. A young age at the first episode of symptoms increased the likelihood of recurrences (p<0.0001). Familial cases of parotid swelling were common (22%; response rate 67%). A total of 47 patients (35%) agreed to testing for SPINK1 status. Four children had a major mutation (N34S or P55S), corresponding to an 8.5% (4/47) prevalence, but this was not different from the controls (5%). CONCLUSION: It is likely that inherited factors are involved in the manifestation of juvenile parotitis in a subset of patients. It is tempting to speculate that disturbed proteolytic balance may play a role in the development of symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parotitis due to anaerobic bacteria.

Although Staphylococcus aureus remains the pathogen most commonly implicated in acute suppurative parotitis, the pathogenic role of gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria and strict anaerobic organisms in this disease is becoming increasingly recognized. This report describes a case of parotitis due to Bacteroides disiens in an elderly woman with Sjögren's syndrome. Literature reports on seven additional cases of suppurative parotitis due to anaerobic bacteria are reviewed. Initial therapy of acute suppurative parotitis should include coverage for S. aureus and, in a very ill patient, coverage of gram-negative facultative organisms with antibiotics such as cloxacillin and an aminoglycoside. A failure to respond clinically to such a regimen or isolation of anaerobic bacteria should lead to the consideration of the addition of clindamycin or penicillin.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗

PubMed2005

Selective IgA deficiency in children with recurrent parotitis of childhood.

Recurrent parotitis of childhood is defined as the relapsing form of juvenile (idiopathic) parotitis and represents a rare inflammatory disorder of the parotid gland with potentially significant morbidity. We reviewed the charts of patients who were diagnosed with inflammatory parotid diseases in our institution between 1992 and 2002. There were 91 patients presenting with juvenile parotitis (1 of 6117 of all clinical visits). Of these 91 cases, 23 patients (28%) had the relapsing form of juvenile parotitis, and the median number of episodes was 5 (range, 2-20). Laboratory investigations revealed that 5 patients had selective IgA deficiency. The prevalence (22%) is different from the cumulative prevalence of IgA deficiency in a healthy population (0.3%; P < 0.001).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Recurrent parotitis in selective IgA deficiency.

Recurrent parotitis is an uncommon condition in children. In most cases the etiology is unknown, although the disease is occasionally associated with viral infections, autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency. We describe, for the first time, a child with recurrent parotitis and isolated immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency, without autoimmune disease. As IgA is the main immunoglobulin secreted into the mucosal surfaces, including that of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and into the saliva, the lack of IgA may be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent parotitis. We recommend that IgA and other immunoglobulins be tested in all cases of recurrent parotitis.

Child↗

PubMed1976

[The proteincomposition of human parotid saliva in acute and chronic parotitis. Quantitativ densitometry of single protein-fractions in comparison to normal secretions].

By means of acrylamidgelectrophoresis parotid secretions of patients with acute and chronic parotitis were examined. Thereby significant changes in protein patterns of electrophoretic separation were found. Especially two bands are described in detail. One in the cathodal near gel region, the isoamylases, and the otherone in the anodal part of the gel, identified as albumin. In rest and under stimulation these bands show signficant changes compared to normal secretions. Furthermore information about the capacity of the parotid gland parenchyma is won by observing the changes of amylase bands in rest and under stimulation in chronic parotitis without actute exacerbations. The amylase shows a remarked decreased secretion in chronic parotitis under stimulation corresponding to parenchymalteration. The same happens with the albuminexcretion as parameter for ductlesions. In chronic parotitis albmuninexcretion goes parallel to duct changes in sialography. Therefore by discelectrophoretic separation of native parotid saliva a helpful mean for diagnostic use is given, besides sialography and scintigraphy.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical and cytological characteristics of the oral mucosa in Sjögren's disease and chronic parotitis].

Clinical stomatologic and cytologic studies were carried out in 31 patients with Sjogren's disease, 12 ones with chronic parotitis, and 5 normal subjects. Patients with Sjogren's disease, in contrast to those with chronic parotitis, develop clinically manifest signs of dry exfoliative cheilitis, xerostomia, atrophic changes in the buccal mucosa; this condition is associated with a very high caries intensity and no clinical manifestations of periodontitis or tartar. Elevated leukocyte levels in oral washings and oral fluid of patients with Sjogren's disease and chronic parotitis point to inflammations in the salivary glands, buccal mucosa, and periodontal tissues. Assessment of the leukocyte levels may be used for monitoring the disease course and treatment efficacy. A 3-5-fold enlargement of the deep-layer epitheliocytes, seen on the cytogram of oral washings, is characteristic of patients with Sjogren's disease, in contrast to those with chronic parotitis or normal subjects. A differentiated estimation of the epitheliocyte types in the cytogram of oral washings may be used in the diagnosis of Sjogren's disease along with the criteria suggested before.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Contribution to the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic recurring parotitis].

Chronic, recurrent parotitis was classified as a disease of the salivary glands of bacterial and inflammatory origin. Forty biopsy specimens of the parotoid gland taken from patients with chronic, recurrent parotitis were examined via light and electron microscopy; virus or bacteria could not be identified. The pathomorphologic findings with chronic, recurrent parotitis correspond basically with those of an experimental ligature of the ganglia. The pathogenesis was discussed. The results of the investigation indicated that, in terms of the pathogenesis, chronic, recurrent parotitis represents a special form of electrolytic and/or obstructive sialadenitis.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1978

Acute suppurative parotitis caused by anaerobic bacteria: report of two cases.

Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen in acute suppurative parotitis. Although anaerobic bacteria are prevalent in the normal oral and upper respiratory tract flora and frequently are involved in oral and facial infections, they have seldom been isolated from patients with suppurative parotitis. It may be that a role for anaerobes in parotitis has not been documented because of inadequate specimen transport or anaerobic culture techniques. We describe two cases of acute suppurative parotitis in which cultures yielded anaerobic bacteria. In one case, no aerobes were isolated; in the other, the anaerobe was the predominant organism numerically.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1982

[Pathogenesis of chronic recurrent parotitis (author's transl)].

A combination of several factors is of importance in the pathogenesis of sialectatic parotitis. Stenson's duct is relatively long and its orifice is narrow. The flow of the saliva may be impaired, especially when mastication is abnormal or when the ductal lumen is scarred because of infection or trauma. Dental or oral mucosal disease may increase the number of pathogenic organisms which might then lead to a retrograde ascending infection. This is followed by epithelial desquamation and subsequent ductal obstruction. Allergic, genetic an racial factors in sialectatic parotitis are also discussed. The four characteristic progressive histologic stages of sialectatic parotitis are: a periductal inflammatory reaction, a diffuse lymphocytic sialadenitis with dilated ducts, fully developed sialectatic parotitis and, finally, fibrosis of the parotid gland. Conservative treatment will lead to an improvement of the clinical symptoms as well as the histopathological features in the first two stages, but in the two final stages total parotidectomy, with preservation of the facial nerve, is the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Recurrent parotitis in adults. Report of 35 cases.

Clinical, laboratory and sialographic findings were studied in 35 adult patients with recurrent parotitis. The patients were followed up for 0.5-23 years. The results showed that sialographic recovery occurred 3-5 years after disappearance of clinical symptoms. Recurrent parotitis is not a autoimmune disease, and remission may take place spontaneously, including clinical and sialographic healing. However, marked degeneration of the parotid gland or chronic obstructive parotitis may develop consequently. The differential diagnosis of recurrent parotitis in adults is also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Acute parotitis in children previously vaccinated against mumps].

Children who had previously received Morbilli-(Mumps) Rubella (MMR) vaccine developed parotid swelling which was diagnosed as acute parotitis 7 days to 2 years following inoculation. Blood samples from each of the patients were tested for the following virological parameters: Mumps-virus, Parainfluenza-viruses (PIV) type 1., 2., 3., Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Epstein Barr Virus Capsid Antigen (EBVCA) IgM, IgA, IgG immunofluorescent test (IFT) and EBVCA IgM, IgG ELISA (HUMAN); Epstein Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV EA) IgG IFT; Adenovirus, Influenza A, B Complement Fixation (CF) test. Some of the sera were examined for CMV IgM, IgG ELISA (Organon Teknika) and Human Parvovirus B19 IgM, IgG recombinant ELISA (Bender) too. Nine cases were interpreted as a clinical reaction of mumps vaccination. Beside the clinical reaction of mumps vaccination. Beside the clinical reaction of mumps vaccination, the etiological role of PIV-1, PIV-2, PIV-3 and PIV-1,2 was confirmed in four, three, one and one patients, respectively. The alonely etiological agent was the PIV-2 in four and PIV-2 and Epstein-Barr virus together were in one patients, respectively. The etiology was unknown in one patient. The results show the importance both of the broad spectrum precise serologic studies and of the skillful interpretation in the exact diagnosis of the acute parotitis to identify parotitis either as a consequence of the mumps vaccine or vaccine failure. The correct diagnosis of acute parotitis can influence the booster mumps vaccination practice too.

Acute Disease↗