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Synthesis of [5-(4-pyrrol-1-yl-benzoyl)-1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)]-acetic acid and in vitro study of its inhibitory activity on aldose reductase enzyme and on protein glycation.

[5-(4-Pyrrol-1-yl-benzoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)]-acetic acid was synthesized in a Vilsmeier-Haack process and by other methods. The compound was found to inhibit the enzyme aldose reductase as well as the glycation process of proteins and could therefore be useful for the treatment of various pathological conditions.

Acetates↗

Formation and properties of cyclo[6]pyrrole and cyclo[7]pyrrole.

Oxidative coupling of a tetraalkylbipyrrole under FeIII-mediated coupling conditions in the presence of HCl results in a mixture of cyclo[6]- and cyclo[7]pyrroles, as well as the known cyclo[8]pyrrole. This "matched set" of heteroannulenes was analyzed by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and X-ray diffraction methods.

Journal Article↗

Sulfur-based protecting groups for pyrroles and the facile deprotection of 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzene)sulfinyl and sulfonyl pyrroles.

[reaction: see text] The effectiveness of simple sulfinyl and sulfonyl groups as electron-withdrawing protecting groups for pyrroles has been analyzed using (13)C NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by consideration of X-ray crystal structures. Additionally, the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfinyl and sulfonyl groups are shown to be effective electron-withdrawing protecting groups for pyrroles, and they can be removed by treatment with benzene thiol or thiolate under mild and specific conditions.

Journal Article↗

25,27-dithiasapphyrin and pyrrole-inverted isomer of 21,23-dithiaporphyrin from condensation of pyrrole and 2,5-bis(p-tolylhydroxymethyl)thiophene.

[see structure]. A novel aromatic isomer of 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-tolyl)-21,23-dithiaporphyrin (S2TTP) with an inverted pyrrole ring, 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-tolyl)-2-aza-21-carba-22,24-dithiaporphyrin (S2CTTP), and 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-tolyl)-25,27-dithiasapphyrin (25,27-S2TTSH), have been obtained by a condensation of 2,5-bis((p-tolyl)hydroxymethyl)thiophene and pyrrole. A conformational equilibrium, unique in a sapphyrin class, between two S(27)-thiophene-flipped and planar structures of neutral 25,27-S2TTSH was detected by 1H NMR.

Journal Article↗

Ethyl 4-dodecyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate: intermolecular interactions in an amphiphilic pyrrole.

The title compound, C(21)H(37)NO(2), is a new amphiphilic pyrrole with a long hydrocarbon chain, which will be used as a precursor for the synthesis of Langmuir-Blodgett films of porphyrins. Molecules related by an inversion centre are joined head-to-head into dimers by strong N-H.O hydrogen bonds. The dimers pack in the structure with their carbon chains parallel to one another, thereby forming alternating layers of carbon chains and pyrrole heads. The structure is further stabilized by two weak C-H.pi intermolecular interactions, thereby saturating the hydrogen-bonding capability of the aromatic pi-electron clouds.

Journal Article↗

2,4-Dicarboxy-pyrroles as selective non-competitive mGluR1 antagonists: further characterization of 3,5-dimethyl pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 2-propyl ester 4-(1,2,2-trimethyl-propyl) ester and structure-activity relationships.

Following the disclosure of 3,5-dimethyl pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 2-propyl ester 4-(1,2,2-trimethyl-propyl) ester [3,5-dimethyl PPP] as a potent and selective mGluR1 non-competitive antagonist, we report here further in vivo characterization of this important tool and disclose the investigation of the C-5 position, which led to very potent compounds.

Animals↗

Synthesis and D(2)-like binding affinity of new derivatives of N-(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]indole-3-carboxamide and related 4H-[1]benzothiopyrano[4,3-b]pyrrole and 5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[b]pyrrole-3-carboxamide analogues.

Various new derivatives and structural analogues of N-(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]indole-3-carboxamide (2a), a representative term of a series of 2-aminomethylpyrrolidinyl derived 4,5-dihydrobenzo[g]indolcarboxamides with good D(2)-like affinity, were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to bind to dopamine D(2)-like receptors in vitro. The structural contribution to D(2)-like receptor binding of the 4,5-dihydrobenzo[g]indole portion of the molecule was examined. From these studies, compound 2k, 2-chloro-N-(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[b]pyrrole-3-carboxamide, was found to possess a potent affinity for D(2)-like receptors. Behavioural tests in rats have shown that this compound reduces the hyperactivity induced by amphetamine, a property shared by all antipsychotic drugs, at a dose which failed to induce catalepsy, an effect which is predictive of extrapyramidal side effects in humans. The other compounds demonstrated moderate (2c, 2h, and 2j) or no affinity for D(2)-like receptors.

Amides↗

Discovery of novel and potent retinoic acid receptor alpha agonists: syntheses and evaluation of benzofuranyl-pyrrole and benzothiophenyl-pyrrole derivatives.

In the course of our studies on retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists, we have designed and synthesized a series of benzofuran and benzothiophene derivatives. Some of these compounds (1a,b,e,f,j) markedly inhibited LPS-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation and exerted RARalpha selectivity. One of them, 4-[5-(4,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)pyrrol-2-yl]benzoic acid (1b), when orally administered significantly inhibited mouse antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses from a dose of 0.1 mg/kg.

Administration, Oral↗

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some pyrrole derivatives. III--2-(4-arylpiperazino)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-aryl-pyrrole derivatives.

The synthesis of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-aryl-pyrrole derivatives with an arylpiperazine group in position 2 is described. The in vitro biological investigation showed that compound (XVIII) had considerable antibacterial activity against gram-positive microorganisms and antifungal activity against Candida rugosa, while the other compounds did not show any significative activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗