Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PSYCHOTHERAPY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The impact of culture on psychotherapy: Korean clients' expectations in psychotherapy.

The impact of culture on clients' expectations for psychotherapy has not been adequately studied. This is the first study to explore Korean clients' expectations in psychotherapy. A 120-item instrument was used to collect data on expectations for psychotherapy held by 25 Korean clients of the Asian Mental Health Clinic. Six hypotheses regarding expectations for therapist's discipline, characteristics, techniques, goals, and roles in psychotherapy were examined. The findings indicate that the model that Koreans have for a psychotherapeutic relationship is similar to the special teacher-disciple relationship in Korea. The study demonstrated that psychiatric nurses are held in high regard by Korean clients. Education of Koreans to Western psychotherapy concepts and procedures is essential. Recommendations were made for different treatment modalities integrating Western concepts of psychotherapy with Korean cultural concepts of mental health.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2000

Varieties of long-term outcome among patients in psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy. A review of findings in the Stockholm Outcome of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Project (STOPP).

This paper reports the main findings of a large-scale study of subsidized psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy. More than 400 people in various phases, before, during and after subsidized psychoanalysis or long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, were followed up for a period of three years with personal interviews, questionnaires and official statistics. Our analyses revealed progressive improvement the longer patients were in treatment--impressively strong among patients in psychoanalysis--on self-rating measures of symptom distress and morale. Improvement, however, was equally weak in both groups on a self-rating measure of social relations. Dosage factors (treatment duration and session frequency in combination) partly accounted for the outcome differences between those referred to psychoanalysis and those referred to long-term psychotherapy. Attitudes and ideals among therapists and analysts concerning the goals and means of psychotherapy were also associated with patient outcome, although in rather complex ways. A significant part of the outcome differences between patients in psychoanalysis and in psychotherapy could be explained by the adoption, in a large group of therapists, of orthodox psychoanalytic attitudes that seemed to be counterproductive in the practice of psychotherapy but not in psychoanalysis. It is suggested that this effect may be a negative transfer of the psychoanalytic stance into psychotherapeutic practice and that this may be especially pronounced when the attitudes are not backed up by psychoanalytic training.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term effects of inpatient psychotherapy: explanatory and transfer forms of the psychotherapy experience into everyday life].

We describe the longterm effects of inpatient psychotherapy based on biographic interviews with 46 ex-patients two years after their treatment in a psychotherapy ward which is part of a psychiatric hospital. The concept of the treatment is based on cognitive behavior therapy. In a structural hermeneutic analysis of the interviews we found 4 different types of dealing with the experience of psychic disorder and psychological treatment and, combined with it, transfer of the knowledge about psychological disorder and treatment into everyday life: 1 the "development"-type-psychotherapy as a method to reframe the individual development. 2 the "deficit"-type-psychotherapy as a system to learn how to deal with individual deficits, 3 the "deviance"-type-psychotherapy as an instrument to renormalize deviation, 4 the "overburden"-type-psychotherapy as a private area to recover and regenerate.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of major depression with psychotherapy or psychotherapy-pharmacotherapy combinations.

BACKGROUND: Few reliable correlates of treatment response in depression have emerged despite nearly 40 years of research. We examined the correlates of recovery in a "mega-analysis," or meta-analysis of original data, of 595 patients with major depressive disorder enrolled in 6 standardized treatment protocols. METHODS: All patients (mean age, 44 years; 31% male and 69% female) met criteria for nonbipolar, nonpsychotic primary major depressive disorder and were treated for 16 weeks with either cognitive behavior therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy alone (psychotherapy alone; n = 243) or interpersonal psychotherapy plus antidepressant pharmacotherapy (combined therapy; n = 352). The impact of treatment type, severity, study, and other covariates on recovery rates or time to recovery were examined by means of chi 2, log-rank tests, the Cox proportional hazards model, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Whereas combined therapy was not significantly more effective than psychotherapy alone in milder depressions, a highly significant advantage was observed in more severe recurrent depressions. Poorer outcomes were also observed in women and older patients, although these effects were dependent on inclusion of particular studies. CONCLUSIONS: Mega-analysis is a powerful method for comparing the efficacy of treatments and examining correlates of response. Using this method, we found new evidence in support of the widespread clinical impression that combined therapy is superior to psychotherapy alone for treatment of more severe, recurrent depressions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Influence of psychotherapy motivation on the course of psychotherapy].

The motivational characteristics of psychotherapy inpatients should be of crucial importance for treatment effectiveness. In the present study on 219 patients from two psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic treatment centers, four dimensions of motivation for psychotherapy (illness experience; lay etiology; treatment expectations; openness to psychotherapy) were assessed using the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Psychotherapy Motivation (Fragebogen zur Messung der Psychotherapiemotivation; FMP) and related to pre-post changes in symptomatology. In these analyses, psychological symptoms (SCL-90-R) as well as interpersonal problems (IIP) were considered as indicators of treatment effects. The results support the expectation that (a) a psychosocial causal attribution of illness symptoms and (b) a marked general openness to psychotherapy at the pretreatment interview predict more positive treatment outcomes. Implications of the results for the indication of pretreatment interventions are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation with the "Psychotherapie Basisdokumentation" for Children and Adolescents: Psy-BaDo-KJ--a questionnaire for quality assurance and evaluation of psychotherapy for children and adolescents].

OBJECTIVES: Currently only few instruments exist to evaluate psychotherapy for children and adolescents (Mattejat & Remschmidt, 1993). This study presents the development of a new instrument: the "Psychotherapie Basisdokumentation für Kinder und Jugendliche: Psy-BaDo-KJ" (Winter, 2002). This instrument assesses individual therapy goals and the outcome of therapy on the basis of information from children and adolescents, parents and therapists. METHODS: We based our instrument on a questionnaire originally developed for adults: the "Psychotherapie Basisdokumentation" (Psy-BaDo, Heuft & Senf, 1998). To develop the new instrument, we conducted expert interviews that were then analysed qualitatively. Between January 2002 and June 2003 all inpatients (> or = 14 years) as well as their parents and therapists were given questionnaires. To date, data for 35 patients have been evaluated and included in the current study. The diagnoses were recorded according to ICD-10 (Remschmidt et al., 2002). RESULTS: The study shows that patients, parents and therapists usually formulate two or three individual therapy goals but with different content. While the patients mention primarily goals focussed on somatic health, the focus of parents and therapists is predominantly on psychological and mental health. According to the outcome of therapy, the level of agreement among patients, parents and therapists is high. Patients tend to be more optimistic than their parents and therapists. CONCLUSIONS: The "Psychotherapie Basisdokumentation für Kinder und Jugendliche" (Psy-BaDo-KJ) is a new instrument and can be used efficiently for quality assurance and evaluation of psychotherapy for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[How myths and prejudices about psychotherapy hamper the ongoing process of psychotherapy-integration].

Some frequently encountered myths and prejudices about psychotherapy are addressed, which severely hamper the integration of different forms of psychotherapy. Discrepant positions and polarities can be described as (a) individualized problem analysis vs. standardized disorder specific treatment planning, (b) one-sided pay attention to deficits vs. one sided take into consideration resources and coping-styles, (c) therapeutic technique vs. therapeutic alliance, and (d) biographical analysis vs. analysis of current life circumstances. The attempt to create balance between these biased polarities and perspectives is considered to be characteristic of modern psychotherapy approaches. Only research strategies including an encompassing perspective, a disorder specific as well as a comparative approach to study the different effects of different schools of psychotherapy will provide answers to the fundamental questions of present psychotherapy research.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[What is therapeutic in psychotherapy? An empirical evaluation of assumptions of the "Generic model of psychotherapy"].

What is effectively therapeutic about psychotherapy? The generic of psychotherapy provides an empirically valid conceptual representation of psychotherapy process and outcome relationships that begins to answer this question. The aim of this study is an empirical investigation of patterns of process and outcome relationships. The data come from 18 single therapies (9 very successful and 9 less successful therapies) of the Bernese Comparative Treatment Study (Grawe, Caspar & Ambühl, 1990). First the variables of the generic model of psychotherapy are operationalized by different process and outcome measures. The statistical method of stepwise multiple hierarchical regression serves to prove a number of assumed relationships of the generic model. The findings reported here demonstrate the utility of the generic model for guiding exploratory psychotherapy research that aims to identify emerging patterns of relationships between process and outcome.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Psychotherapy in psychiatry--an assessment of current status. Report on the DGPPN Status Colloquium "Psychotherapy in Psychiatry" 22-24 February 1996 in Heidelberg].

The German psychiatrists have agreed to new training regulations which now include psychotherapy. On this occasion the German Psychiatric Association organized a symposium "psychotherapy within psychiatry". Psychotherapy researchers of all psychiatric departments in German speaking countries were invited. As a result, a cross-sectional picture of current psychotherapy research within psychiatry showed a great variety of methods and ways of thinking about research on psychotherapeutic process, outcome, and applications. Even non behavioural approaches showed a trend towards operationalized and quantifying, but also standardized qualitative research. All participants agreed on the necessity of better and in comparison with psychopharmacological research more fair financing of psychotherapy research.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1990

[Common factors in psychotherapy as an explanation for results that are approximately indistinguishable--one more myth in psychotherapy research?].

The fact that the gross outcomes of quite different forms of psychotherapy do not differ accordingly has been attributed to the existence of factors communal to any and every form of psychotherapy. For empirical study this thesis has to be dichotomized: (1) Are there really communal factors? (2) Do these engender communal effects in different therapies? Our empirical investigation of client-centered versus psycho-dynamic short psychotherapy shows that (1) is correct, however, the frequencies of these communal element often differ significantly between the two therapy samples. The results and (2) show that in spite of communality the correlation between a certain process category and an outcome variable regularly only attains significance in one but not the other therapy sample--sometimes they even show contrary signs. Hence the initially described explanation seems to be yet another myth in psychotherapy research. This myth assumes (i) interventions to be "monosubstances" (ii) the "doses" of which can be adequately measured in frequency per time unit and (iii) which shows a monotone relation to outcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Kiel psychotherapy project for violent offenders Towards empirically based forensic psychotherapy -- disturbance profiles and risk of recidivism among incarcerated offenders in a German prison.

This study reports on a psychotherapy project for violent offenders. The project was established at a German prison by the Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Department at the University of Kiel. The overall aim of this project is to develop a scientifically based psychotherapy programme for violent offenders. As a first step the project's systematic initial diagnostic procedures are presented. These procedures are carried out when new prisoners join the project to provide an empirical basis for the planning of therapy. Data are presented for the 60 prisoners who have so far taken part. These show high prevalences for some psychiatric disorders, namely substance related disorders (33% dependency, 55% abuse), personality disorders (58% had at least one personality disorder) and psychopathy according to Hare's criteria (13%). The data also indicate that only a basal level of self-motivation existed to take part in psychotherapy (65% precontemplative). It is apparent that violent offenders constitute a heterogeneous group as far as mental disturbances are concerned. The data suggest that a psychotherapy programme for violent offenders needs to include both targeted interventions to raise motivation and, for those with substance-related and/or personality disorders, disturbance-specific interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Farewell to the dodo-bird: specific versus general psychotherapy from the perspective of psychotherapy research].

Based upon different specificity problems in psychotherapy, it is shown that psychotherapy research consists of two different worlds, the one focussing on disorder specific factors, the other traditionally investigating unspecific or common therapeutic factors. Relating to the Dodobird verdict that has been used to describe the so-called equivalence paradox in psychotherapy, several views of common therapeutic factors are summarized. Recent research shows that psychotherapy research also indicates a specificity paradox that can be resolved by the observation that several psychological disorders develop their own dynamics and that--besides this--general principles are active. In several settings and in relation to specific disorders both aspects have already been integrated successfully.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Effect of psychotherapy on the course of Crohn's disease. Results of the German prospective multicenter psychotherapy treatment study on Crohn's disease. German Study Group on Psychosocial Intervention in Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to study the influence of psychotherapy in addition to a standardized corticosteroid treatment on the somatic and psychosocial course of Crohn's disease. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized multicenter study 108 of 488 patients received either drug treatment or, in the intervention group, additionally psychotherapy in the first half of the 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients (77.8%) completed the somatic and 81 (75%) the psychosocial follow-up. Twenty-three per cent of the control group and 30% of the psychotherapy group showed episode-free courses; 29% and 17%, respectively, underwent surgery due to failure of drug treatment. The main analysis, which was based on subranking by number, duration, and severity of relapses, failed to show significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.125). The same result was obtained for the psychosocial status after 1 year in the main target criteria depression, anxiety, psychosocio-communicative status, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The confirmatory analysis did not prove significantly better courses after additional psychotherapy. There was a tendency towards fewer operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The differential effect of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis with anaclitic and introjective patients: the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project revisited.

Analyses of the data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (MPRP) have consistently indicated little difference in the therapeutic outcome between patients seen in psychoanalysis and those seen in psychotherapy. Reanalysis of the data from the MPRP, utilizing a distinction between two broad configurations of psychopathology (Blatt, 1974, 1990a; Blatt and Shichman, 1983), however, indicates that patients whose pathology focuses primarily on disruptions of interpersonal relatedness and who use primarily avoidant defenses (anaclitic patients), and patients whose pathology focuses primarily on issues of self-definition, autonomy, and selfworth and who use primarily counteractive defenses (introjective patients) differ in their responsiveness to psychotherapy and psycho-analysis. Based on recently developed procedures for systematically evaluating the quality of object representation on the Rorschach, reanalysis of the Menninger data reveals that anaclitic patients have significantly greater positive change in psychotherapy, while introjective patients have significantly greater positive change in psychoanalysis. These statistically significant patient-by-treatment interactions are discussed in terms of their clinical implications as well as the importance of differentiating among types of patients in studies of therapeutic outcome and of therapeutic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Individual psychotherapy. Theoretical-practical aspect of institutional psychotherapy].

The author explains the characteristics of the psychiatric outpatient population in Hermosillo and mentions that these do not allow for the use of traditional psychotherapy. He underlines the importance of the affective ties of the patient with the institution (based on previously formed stereotypes). The author describes also several short therapy techniques, such as persuasion, suggestion, brief psychotherapy and group psychotherapy (for which special training is required). He tells of his experience using psychotherapy with psychiatric medication in an institution.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Some practical points concerning psychotherapy in the integrated treatment programme during the first 3 months in hospital. Comments on the three detailed descriptions of psychotherapy with schizophrenics.

Some previous studies of individual and group psychotherapy in schizophrenia are presented. A team consisting of a main therapist (usually a specially trained psychologist or social-worker), who works closely with a group leader (usually a specially trained mental nurse) was developed. Together they carried out and monitored the integrated treatment programme in hospital. This programme included intensive psychotherapy, social training, ADL training and a system for evaluation of the treatment process when combined with neuroleptics. Some practical points concerning individual and group psychotherapy with schizophrenics during the first 3 months in hospital are presented. This treatment has been carried out on a routine basis for the last 7 years.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy and supportive psychotherapy: contemporary controversies.

The author explores the controversies involving psychoanalytic psychotherapy from conceptual, clinical and educational perspectives. He proposes an integrated concept of psychoanalytic modalities of treatment, and their subdivision into standard psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalytically based supportive psychotherapy. Indications and contra-indications for these therapeutic approaches are outlined in the light of clinical experience and psychoanalytic research on these issues. It is proposed that psychoanalytic institutes teach psychoanalytic psychotherapy to candidates in psychoanalytic training. The author stresses that we now possess a broad spectrum of psychoanalytically based approaches to patients that significantly expand the therapeutic effectiveness of our profession, and thus can strengthen the social impact of psychoanalysis.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Verbalization of the therapeutic relationship in focal-psychoanalytic and client-centered psychotherapy. A content analytic study from the Hamburg comparative brief psychotherapy experiment].

The present investigation emerged from the Hamburg Short Psychotherapy Comparison Experiment. Its aim was to compare psychodynamic, conflict-centred, time-limited psychotherapy (PT) to client-centred psychotherapy (CC) with regard to the direct and indirect verbalization of the therapeutic relationship--particularly of transference and resistance--for the purpose of investigating the congruity of theory and practice of the therapists involved. Transcriptions of 28 PT and 21 CC audio-recorded therapies were examined by means of a content analysis catalogue. The following (ascending) rank order in the frequency of verbalization of transference was found: CC-therapists, CC-patients, PT-patients, PT-therapists. The main differences are statistically significant. The contrary approach of the therapists probably conditions the differences found in the patients. Therapists in PT verbalised the occurrence of resistance in a much more frequent manner than their patients did. In CC resistance was verbalised only sporadically. These results confirm that the therapists involved acted in conformity with their respective theory.

Humans↗