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PubMed1993

Speciation of plutonium in potato and the gastrointestinal transfer of plutonium and americium from potato.

Complexation of Pu(IV) and Am(III) by naturally occurring agents such as citrate and phytate might enhance their uptake from the digestive tract. However, the extent to which they enhance the gastrointestinal uptake of actinides from foodstuffs is far from resolved, as this study shows. Investigations of the chemical forms of Pu(IV) and Am(III), by gel permeation chromatography, in simulated digests of potato tubers naturally radiolabelled with 239Pu(IV) and 241Am(III) have shown that neither citrate nor phytate appear to determine their chemical forms. Therefore, it is possible that these are not the complexing anions which determine the gastrointestinal transfer of these radioelements from potato meal. Isotachophoretic analyses of the juices pressed from tubers and solutions prepared by simulated digestion of potato tubers have demonstrated the presence of several low molecular weight anions. These anions might be complexing agents because they possess an isotachophoretic mobility similar to that of citrate; some of these anions remain unidentified. Whereas 239Pu and 241Am were used in the foregoing studies, 238Pu and 241Am were used to produce either in vitro or naturally radiolabelled potatoes for gastrointestinal transfer measurements using rats and hamsters. Gastrointestinal transfer values of 0.13 +/- 0.05% (mean +/- standard error of mean) and 0.16 +/- 0.06% were determined with rats for the uptake of 238Pu and 241Am, respectively, from naturally labelled potato meal. Higher gastrointestinal transfer values were obtained for hamsters: for 238Pu and 241Am the transfer values from naturally labelled meal were 0.25 +/- 0.08% and 0.33 +/- 0.07%, respectively. Similar values were observed for uptake from in vitro labelled potato meal. On the basis of the similarity of the values for the naturally labelled potato meal and for the 'spiked' potato meal it would appear that biological incorporation is not necessary for the binding of the actinides to the ligands which will determine gastrointestinal transfer.

Americium↗
PubMed1978

The ultrastructure of mouse testicular interstitial tissue containing plutonium-239 and its significance in explaining the observed distribution of plutonium in the testis.

The technique of autoradiography with Araldite-embedded sections was used to study the distribution of 239Pu in mouse testis at various times post-injection. Adjacent sections were examined with both the light microscope and electron microscope. The autoradiographs showed that from 1 week to 3 months postinjection, most 239Pu in located in interstitial tissue. The major change in distribution observed was that the early diffuse deposit in interstitial tissue is concentrated in macrophages with increasing time post-injection. This is a real change of distribution as the amount of 239Pu in mouse testis remains constant from 1 week to 3 months post-injection. Study of the ultrastructure of interstitial tissue indicated that the accumulation of 239Pu in macrophages may be brought about in two ways. First, there may be phagocytosis of dead cells containing 239Pu. Second, 239Pu may follow the transfer of waste products of hormone synthesis from Leydig cells into macrophages. The significance of these observations is discussed with regard to the deposition of 239Pu in human testis.

Animals↗