Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PAROTID GLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Secretion of saliva by human lip mucous glands and parotid glands in response to gustatory stimuli and chewing.

To test the suggestion that minor salivary glands, such as the lower lip mucous glands, respond to stimulation in a similar manner to major glands such as the parotid, an appliance was constructed for each subject using an organopolysiloxane dental impression material which held a strip of filter paper against the inner aspect of the lower lip. The volume of labial secretion produced was determined by weight difference. Saliva from the right parotid duct was collected into pre-weighed tubes using a Lashley cannula. Test stimuli, applied for 4-min periods in triplicate, were ascorbic acid (0.08 and 0.16 M), sodium chloride (0.4 and 0.8 M) and the chewing of pieces of polyurethane foam and chicle. In 7 of 13 subjects, the response patterns of labial and parotid glands were qualitatively similar. With acid stimulation, the percentage increase in flow from the parotid was much greater than from labial glands. A significant difference was noted between the mean volumes of unstimulated secretion from the lip glands in a group of 8 subjects with restorations in lower anterior teeth and in 12 controls.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1995

[Prenatal development of the mandibular gland and parotid gland in cats].

The prenatal development of the cat's mandibular and parotid gland was examined by means of serial section of 36 cat embryos at 14-62 days of development. Both glands were excised from the epithelium of the primitive oral cavity and branched up to day 36 of the branching phase into a specific connective tissue. This tissue contained besides fine collagenous fibres, a high amount of proteoglycans. In the subsequent separation phase, ducts and acini differentiated themselves in primitive lobules which were separated by connective tissue. In the prenatal differentiation phase, from about day 50 up to birth, intercalated ducts and striated ducts were formed. In the acini, mucous and serous cells contained different amounts of complex carbohydrates. This secretory component changed shortly before birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sympathetic denervation fails to produce beta adrenergic supersensitivity in adult rat parotid gland.

Parotid acinar cells, prepared from pharmacologically sympathectomized adult rats (reserpine, 0.1 mg/kg/day for 1 week), display decreased responsiveness to beta adrenergic stimulation in vitro compared to cells from control and surgically sympathectomized rats. Both methods of denervation increase amylase content (amylase activity per microgram of DNA). Percent release of amylase activity and percent release of CCl3COOH-precipitable [14C]leucine were used as indicators of protein secretion. Exposure of cells from pharmacologically sympathectomized rats to the beta adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, resulted in a marked reduction in receptor-coupled secretion (67% and 75% relative to controls, respectively). 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP, like isoproterenol, was unable to surmount this reserpine-induced inhibition of stimulated secretion, suggesting that an alteration in receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling is not responsible for the observed secretion defect. Cells prepared from surgically sympathectomized rats displayed modest decreases in stimulated secretion when the same secretory markers were monitored (30% and 25% relative to controls, respectively). The number of beta adrenoreceptors [( 3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites) increased (35%), with no change in binding affinity, in membrane preparations from reserpine-treated rats. Thus, the observed inhibition of beta adrenergic agonist-induced secretion is not likely the result of alterations in beta adrenergic receptor characteristics. Short-term (1 week) surgical denervation had no effect on the number of beta adrenergic receptor sites; however, an increase in ligand binding affinity was noted. The decrease in the apparent Kd (30%) was not the result of a shift in receptor subtype as determined by competition studies with specific beta-1 (atenolol) and beta-2 (ICI 118,551) receptor antagonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Misplaced parotid glands: bilateral agenesis of parotid glands associated with bilateral accessory parotid tissue.

Agenesis of the parotid is a rare entity. It is usually unilateral but bilateral cases have been described as a rare cause of xerostomia. Accessory parotid tissue is also uncommon and is not normally associated with aplasia of the parotid gland. The embryological, histological, clinical and radiological findings of these two entities will be discussed in addition to the report of an obscure case of bilateral parotid agenesis together with bilateral accessory parotid tissue.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Effects of protein deficiency and diet consistency on the parotid gland and parotid saliva of rats.

Protein deficiency results in an increased susceptibility to dental caries, suggesting that oral host-defense properties are compromised. An important component of oral host defense is salivary gland function, which is affected by both protein deficiency and diet consistency. This study describes the effects on rat parotid gland growth and secretory function induced by feeding rats diets of normal (20%) or moderately low (7%) protein content, provided in either a powdered or solid form. In addition, since protein deficiency may result in a secondary zinc deficiency which, in turn, may affect salivary gland function, the effects of these diets on liver zinc concentration were also measured. From 22 to 47 days of age, rats (18/group) were fed the following diets: normal protein, powdered; normal protein, solid; low protein, powdered; and low protein, solid. With each diet consistency, liver zinc was higher for the normal protein group. Within each protein level, liver zinc was higher for the solid diet. This latter observation suggests that food mastication and the resultant stimulation of salivary gland function may also play a role in zinc metabolism. With the normal-protein diet, parotid gland weight was higher for the solid diet; with the low-protein diet, parotid gland weight was similar for both consistencies and did not differ from that of the group fed the "normal protein, powdered" diet. For both consistencies, parotid saliva protein concentration was greater for malnourished rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of mean parotid gland dose with measures of parotid gland function after radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer: implications for future trials.

PURPOSE: To determine the most adequate parameter to measure the consequences of reducing the parotid gland dose. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred eight patients treated with radiotherapy for various malignancies of the head and neck were prospectively evaluated using three methods. Parotid gland function was objectively determined by measuring stimulated parotid flow using Lashley cups and scintigraphy. To assess xerostomia-related quality of life, the head-and-neck cancer module European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ (Quality of Life Questionnaire) H&N35 was used. Measurements took place before radiotherapy and 6 weeks and 12 months after the completion of radiotherapy. Complication was defined for each method using cutoff values. The correlation between these complications and the mean parotid gland dose was investigated to find the best measure for parotid gland function. RESULTS: For both flow and scintigraphy data, the best definition for objective parotid gland toxicity seemed to be reduction of stimulated parotid flow to < or =25% of the preradiotherapy flow. Of all the subjective variables, only the single item dry mouth 6 weeks after radiotherapy was found to be significant. The best correlation with the mean parotid gland dose was found for the stimulated flow measurements. The predictive ability was the highest for the time point 1 year after radiotherapy. Subjective findings did not correlate with the mean parotid dose. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulated flow measurements using Lashley cups, with a complication defined as flow < or =25% of the preradiotherapy output, correlated best with the mean parotid gland dose. When reduction of the mean dose to the parotid gland is intended, the stimulated flow measurement is the best method for evaluating parotid gland function.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Symposium: management of tumors of the parotid gland. II. Diagnosis of parotid gland swelling.

Diagnosis of parotid gland swellings can be approached by attempting to answer the following questions: 1. Is it parotid? 2. Is it inflammatory or neoplastic? 3. If it is neoplastic, is it benign or malignant? Diagnosis is made by following the classical physical diagnostic procedures of inspection, palpation, and auscultation. These are followed by radiographic procedures, such as plain films, sialography and technetium scanning. Since approximately one in four parotid neoplasms is malignant, a definitive step should be biopsy. Excisional biopsy is recommended.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Penetration of ciprofloxacin into parotid gland tissue and parotid saliva.

The penetration of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acid (ciprofloxacin, Bay o 9867, Ciprobay) into parotid gland tissue and parotid saliva of the rat after intravenous administration (6 mg/kg body weight) was studied. 2 h after bolus injection ciprofloxacin mean levels in parotid gland tissue (0.60 mg/l) nearly reached 2-fold mean blood levels (0.36 mg/l). In parotid saliva the mean concentration of the gyrase inhibitor (0.20 mg/l) was lower than in blood, however, still high enough to be effective against the pathogens which most often cause inflammation of the parotid gland.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Molecular and pharmacological characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in a rat parotid gland cell line: comparison with native parotid gland.

The molecular and pharmacological characteristics of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the rat parotid acinar cell line, PAR-C5, were determined and compared with native rat parotid glands to evaluate the PAR-C5 cell line as a model to study receptor-mediated secretion. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identified mRNAs for M(3), M(4), and M(5) receptor subtypes in both PAR-C5 cells and parotid glands. Specific [N-methyl-(3)H]scopolamine binding in PAR-C5 and parotid membranes was to a single class of sites with mean K(D) values of 0.38 and 0.64 nM, respectively. Binding affinities (K(I) values) of muscarinic receptor subtype-selective drugs were obtained in side-by-side experiments comparing PAR-C5 cells with parotid glands. Nonlinear regression analysis indicated that competition binding curves for drugs in PAR-C5 cells and parotid glands fit best to a one-site binding model. K(I) values (nM) in PAR-C5 cells and parotid glands, respectively, for atropine (1.0, 2.1), darifenacin (1.2, 2.0), 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) (2.9, 2.4), tripitramine (220, 180), pirenzepine (320, 720), and methoctramine (1400, 1700) were consistent with their known affinities at the M(3) receptor subtype. Affinities (K(B) values) of muscarinic receptor subtype-selective drugs for blocking methacholine-stimulated Ca(2+) mobilization were determined to show which subtype mediates Ca(2+)-dependent secretion in Fura-2-loaded PAR-C5 cells. K(B) values (nM) for atropine (0.44), 4-DAMP (0.38), pirenzepine (140), and methoctramine (320) for blocking Ca(2+) responses correlated well with their known affinities at the M(3) receptor (r(2) = 0.99). These results show that at the level of mRNA, receptor protein and function, PAR-C5 cells and parotid glands are similar, establishing PAR-C5 cells as an important model for muscarinic receptor-mediated secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of microtubule network disturbance by nocodazole and docetaxel (Taxotere) on protein secretion in rat extraorbital lacrimal and parotid glands.

The role of microtubules in the exocrine secretory process is not yet well established. Contradictory effects of anti-microtubule drugs on intracellular transit and protein secretion have been reported. In this work we used microscopic techniques and pulse-chase experiments to compare the involvement of microtubules in the regulated secretory process of two rat exocrine glands: parotid and extraorbital lacrimal glands. In our experiments microtubules were either disrupted by nocodazole or stabilized by a taxoid, docetaxel (Taxotere). We show that the effect of nocodazole and docetaxel on the release of newly synthesized proteins is radically different in the two tissues; in parotid gland they only weakly affect protein release, triggered by stimulation of either muscarinic or beta-adrenergic receptors, but in lacrimal gland, they strongly inhibit protein secretion. This effect or lack of effect of the drug is independent of the signal transduction pathways involved by the different secretagogues used to trigger exocytosis. Furthermore, in lacrimal glands, studies on protein galactosylation (which occurs in the trans-Golgi compartment) indicate that postgalactosylation events are more sensitive to both drugs than pregalactosylation events. On the other hand, we show that the effect of nocodazole and docetaxel on the microtubule network is comparable on the two tissues. Finally, in lacrimal cells, we observed a scattering of the Golgi apparatus concomitant with the disruption of microtubules by nocodazole. We conclude from this study that microtubule network integrity is essential for protein secretion in lacrimal glands but not in parotid glands. This result implies that for the same physiological function, i.e. protein secretion, different mechanisms may be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Incidence and histology of human accessory parotid glands.

The parotid glands of 228 Japanese human cadavers were examined to determine the incidence and histological features of accessory parotid glands. The incidence was found to be 56% with no differences between right and left sides or between sexes. Thirty parotid glands and their associated accessory glands were examined histologically: eight of these accessory glands were found to be mixed secretory glands (i.e., containing both serous and mucous acini). Thus, the pattern of differentiation of a significant fraction of accessory glands differs from that of the main parotid gland: it appears that mixed acini, present in the early stages of development, persist into later life, and their presence may be related to tumors developing at these sites.

Adult↗