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PubMed2000

Treatment outcome in women with a single ovary versus patients with two ovaries undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET).

OBJECTIVE: To compare ovarian response and pregnancy rate between women with one and two ovaries undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). STUDY DESIGN: 20 IVF/ET treatment cycles in ten women with a single ovary were compared with 60 IVF/ET cycles in 47 women with two ovaries. Both groups were matched for age and treated for mechanical infertility. In both groups treatment protocol included gonadotropin releasing hormone/human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (GnRH/hMG/hCG). RESULTS: Effective daily dose of gonadotropins (3.7+/-0.7 vs. 3.6+/-1.0), mean 17beta-estradiol levels on day of hCG administration (1136+/-467 vs. 1343+/-776), number of retrieved oocytes (6.4+/-3.7 vs. 8.3+/-4.2) and number of embryos per transfer (3.0+/-0.7 vs 2.9+/-1.2) were not statistically different between the groups. A significantly higher pregnancy rate was observed among women with one ovary (52.9%) as compared with those with two ovaries (20.8%), (P=0.015). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated an odds ratio of 5.73 for patients with a single ovary. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome in patients with a single ovary undergoing IVF/ET is comparable to those with two ovaries. The unexpected significantly higher pregnancy rate observed among these patients need to be further evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Polycystic ovary syndrome: dynamic contrast-enhanced ovary MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the enhancement behaviour of the ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MR) imaging and to compare these data with those of normal ovulating controls. METHOD: 24 women with PCOS and 12 controls underwent DCE-MR imaging. Dynamic images were acquired before and after injection of a contrast bolus at 30 s and the min of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. On postprocessing examination: (i) the ovarian volumes; (ii) the signal intensity value of each ovary per dynamic study; (iii) early-phase enhancement rate; (iv) time to peak enhancement (T(p)); and (v) percentage of washout of 5th min were determined. Data of the ovaries of the women with PCOS and controls were compared with Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: the mean values of T(p) were found to be significantly lower in women with PCOS than in controls (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the mean values of ovarian volume, the early-phase enhancement rate, and percentage of washout of 5th min of ovaries were significantly higher in PCOS patients (p < 0.05). Examination of the mean signal intensity-time curve revealed the ovaries in women with PCOS showed a faster and greater enhancement and wash-out. CONCLUSION: the enhancement behaviour of ovaries of women with PCOS may be significantly different from those of control subjects on DCE-MR imaging examination. In our experience, it is a valuable modality to highlight the vascularization changes in ovarian stroma with PCOS. We believe that improved DCE-MR imaging techniques may also provide us additional parameters in the diagnosis and treatment strategies of PCOS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the PMSG-primed immature rat ovary and its effect on ovulation in the isolated rat ovary perfused in vitro.

The immature rat ovary contains VIP immunoreactive nerve fibres sparsely distributed around blood vessels, in the interstitial gland and around follicles. The VIP concentration, measured radioimmunologically, decreased significantly after PMSG treatment (10 i.u.), probably due to ovarian enlargement and oedema, while the total VIP content (total of 0.12 pmol in both ovaries) did not change after PMSG priming. The ovulatory effect of VIP was studied using in-vitro perfused ovaries from immature 28-day-old rats primed with 10 i.u. PMSG. In all ovaries perfused, VIP (10(-7) M) induced ovulations with a rate of 2.33 +/- 0.56. The ovulation rate was significantly lower than that of ovaries stimulated by LH (0.1 microgram/ml) (5.20 +/- 0.86 ovulations per ovary). No synergistic effect on the ovulation rate was seen when LH and VIP were administered together (5.20 +/- 0.49 ovulations per ovary). The results suggest that the neuropeptide VIP may represent one of the local factors involved in the ovulation process.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Histology and histochemistry of the seal ovaries and the age-related changes in the ovaries of the Greenland seal].

Histological and histochemical methods were used to study the ovaries of Greenland seal (Pagophoca groenlandica) from birth-time up to 30 years of age and mature females of Phoca vitulina and Erignathus barbatus. The ovary of the new-born Greenland seal has fetal medullary substance which is a provisory endocrinous gland producing not only sex hormones but also corticosteron. In other species of seals the intestinal cells of the medullary substance are the equivalent of this gland. Within 3-4 weeks after birth the reduction of the fetal medullary substance is completed, it is substituted by the connective tissue and the ovary acquires its typical structure. The rest of the fetal medullary substance is in the depth of the cortex and near the infundibulum of the ovary as lipofuscincontaining cells. When the maturation period approaches, the process of the follicle atresia regularly changes: the epithelium dies quicker, and the multiplication of intestinal cells increases. The ovaries of seals are rich in interstitial cells. Their amount cyclically changes. The cells producing steroid hormones always well hydrolize AS naphthyl-phosphates, the reaction with glycerophosphate is more variable. The connective tissue is poor in acid mucopolysaccharides, its amorphous substance in the ovary cortex is rich in protein. Senile changes of the ovary are noticed in the seal beginning from 20 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Galectin-1 accumulation in the ovary carcinoma peritumoral stroma is induced by ovary carcinoma cells and affects both cancer cell proliferation and adhesion to laminin-1 and fibronectin.

Galectin-1 (gal-1) is a 14-kDa laminin-binding galectin involved in several biologic events including regulation of cancer cell proliferation and adhesion to the matrix. In this study, we examined gal-1 expression in 30 human epithelial ovary carcinoma samples by Western and Northern blotting and by immunohistochemistry. Gal-1 mRNA levels were increased in more than 95% of the examined ovary carcinoma samples, compared with a wedge resection of a normal ovary. Immunohistochemical analysis of the samples demonstrated gal-1 expression in cancer epithelial cells from 17 of 30 samples, with a cytoplasmic pattern. Gal-1 immunostaining was significantly increased in the stroma associated with carcinoma cells compared with the normal, noninvaded stroma (p = 0.003). This pattern of expression was confirmed by examination of 12 other frozen epithelial ovary carcinomas, using in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens demonstrated colocalization of gal-1, laminin-1, and fibronectin. In vitro experiments were conducted to elucidate the potential biologic role of gal-1 in ovarian cancer progression. Gal-1 protein expression and release was detected in AZ364, SK-OV-3, and AZ224, but not in OVCAR-3, AZ419, and AZ382, human ovary carcinoma cell lines. Incubation of 84BR fibroblasts with conditioned media harvested from the ovary carcinoma cell lines induced an increased expression of gal-1 in the cultured fibroblasts in all cases except AZ419 and SK-OV-3. High concentrations of gal-1 (100 micro g/ml) induced significantly decreased cell proliferation in all cell lines, as defined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Additionally, recombinant gal-1 induced a dose-dependent increase in in vitro adhesion of AZ224, SK-OV-3, and AZ382 cells to laminin-1; adhesion to fibronectin was increased by gal-1 in OVCAR-3, AZ224, and SK-OV-3. No effect was observed in the other cases. Our data contribute to define a role for gal-1 during the interactions between human ovary carcinoma cells and host fibroblasts.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical characterization of soybean ovary growth from anthesis to abscission of aborting ovaries.

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) ovary growth was measured from anthesis to 6 days after anthesis (DAA) to establish a timetable of biochemical events that might be useful in identifying processes that initiate abscission. Two procedures were developed to provide samples with either high or low percent pod set for ;IX93-100,' a semideterminate line having long racemes. Characteristics measured were fresh and dry weight, soluble and insoluble protein, soluble carbohydrate, starch, RNA, and DNA. Setting ovaries grew more rapidly than abscising ovaries. Since there was a daily increase in ovary weight in both groups, all measured characteristics showed daily increases when expressed on perovary basis. Statistically significant differences between groups were detected between 2 and 5 DAA for most characteristics. When chemical composition was expressed on concentration basis, starch level was significantly higher in setting ovaries at 5 and 6 DAA. Regression analysis showed that these deviations between setting and abscising samples started between anthesis and 1 DAA. We conclude that processes leading to eventual shedding of fertilized ovaries (called flower abortion in soybeans) commence soon after anthesis of the shed flower, and that setting and abscising ovaries do not differ in protein, soluble carbohydrate, starch, or nucleic acid content when abscission processes begin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, and aspartate transcarbamylase activities in the pea ovary : changes with senescence of the unpollinated ovary or with fruit set induced by gibberellic Acid.

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC) were assayed in extracts from unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum L. CPS and OTC activities were, per milligram protein, the highest reported in a plant tissue, representing an estimated 0.1% of the protein in the ovary. The OTC/CPS and ATC/CPS ratios were about 100 and 0.5, respectively, indicating that most of the carbamoyl phosphate is used for arginine synthesis. The weight, protein content, and CPS, OTC, and ATC activities per ovary were determined during the senescence of the ovary and also during fruit set induced by treatment with gibberellic acid (GA(3)). In the nontreated ovary the weight and the protein first increased and then decreased dramatically, but the decrease in protein took place much earlier. In the GA(3)-treated ovaries the increase in weight was considerably greater than the increase in the protein. Whether or not the ovaries were treated with GA(3), CPS, OTC, and ATC activities closely followed the changes in protein, and thus their ratios and specific activities remained essentially constant. It appears that treatment with GA(3) increases the amount of protein and enzymic activities by preventing a large increase in the rate of protein degradation. In addition, the effects of acetylglutamate, ornithine, and UMP on CPS activity were studied. The pea enzyme exhibits regulatory properties intermediate between those of Escherichia coli and the ureotelic liver enzymes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Expression of the genes encoding the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II), the IGF and insulin receptors, and IGF-binding proteins-1-6 and the localization of their gene products in normal and polycystic ovary syndrome ovaries.

To discern the potential role of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we examined the expression of the genes encoding the IGFs, IGF receptors (IGFr), insulin receptor (Ir), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs-1-6) as well as the localization of the gene products in specific cellular compartments of normal and PCOS human ovaries. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was localized by in situ hybridization with specific 35S-labeled human antisense RNA probes, and protein was detected by immunohistochemistry using specific antisera. Thecal cells, but not granulosa cells (GC), of small antral follicles (3-6 mm) from PCOS ovaries expressed both IGF-I and IGF-II transcripts. Abundant IGF-Ir mRNA was found only in GC, IGF-IIr mRNA was found in both granulosa and thecal cells, and Ir mRNA was detected in all cell types, including granulosa, thecal, and stromal cells. Localization of the gene products revealed no IGF-I immunoreactivity; however, immunostaining for each of the other gene products was colocalized with its corresponding mRNA. The cellular distribution of mRNA and protein in PCOS follicles was indistinguishable from that observed in small antral follicles from normal ovaries. In dominant follicles, however, IGF-I mRNA was no longer detectable, but abundant IGF-II mRNA was expressed exclusively in GC. Although IGF-Ir mRNA was expressed in GC, IGF-IIr mRNA was found in both granulosa and thecal cells. In follicles taken from PCOS ovaries, no IGFBP-1 mRNA was detected, IGFBP-2 mRNA was abundant in both granulosa and thecal cells, moderate IGFBP-3 mRNA was found only in thecal cells, IGFBP-4 and -5 mRNAs were present in all cellular compartments, and IGFBP-6 mRNA was not detected. Localization of the gene products by immunostaining revealed that each protein colocalized with its corresponding mRNA. The cellular distribution of IGFBP mRNA and protein in PCOS follicles was also indistinguishable from that in small antral follicles of normal ovaries, but remarkable differences were found in dominant follicles, where abundant IGFBP-1 mRNA was seen exclusively in GC, IGFBP-2 mRNA in thecal cells, and IGFBP-3 mRNA in both granulosa and thecal cells. Moderate expression of the IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 genes was seen in all cell types, including stromal cells, but no IGFBP-6 mRNA was detected. Again, each of the gene products colocalized with its corresponding mRNA. We conclude the following.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical localization of two types of fatty acid-binding proteins in rat ovaries during postnatal development and in immature rat ovaries treated with gonadotropins.

BACKGROUND: The ovary of adult rats expresses two types of cytoplasmic fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), i.e., heart FABP (H-FABP) and intestinal 15 kDa protein (I-15P). We studied immunohistochemically the cellular localizations of these FABPs in the ovaries of rats at various postnatal ages and in the ovaries of immature (3-week-old) rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). METHODS: The cryosections of ovaries were incubated with polyclonal antibodies against H-FABP and I-15P, and the immunoreactions were visualized at both light and electron microscopic levels. RESULTS: The immunoreactivity for H-FABP occurred temporarily in the follicular epithelial (granulosa) cells from 3 days to 2 weeks post partum, and then was localized exclusively to the theca/interstitial gland cells from 2 weeks to adulthood. In contrast, the immunoreactivity for I-15P appeared temporarily in a small subset of theca/interstitial gland cells from 2 to 3 weeks, disappeared at 4 weeks, and was localized exclusively to the corpus luteum cells after the onset of ovulation in the animal around 5 weeks. In the immature rat ovaries induced to ovulate by treatment with gonadotropins, I-15P-immunoreactive cells were first recognized in the luteinized granulosa layer of large preovulatory follicles, and increased in number progressively in the developing corpora lutea after the ovulation. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of FABPs are expressed in distinct steroid-producing cell types of rat ovary, and their expressions seem to be regulated in coincidence with the expressions of respective steroid hormones. These results suggest that FABPs play specific roles in the ovarian hormone synthesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Deficiency of 5 alpha-steroid formation in guinea pig ovaries compared with immature rat and hamster ovaries.

Activities of 4-ene-5 alpha-reductase and the metabolism of progesterone were estimated in ovaries of guinea pigs, rats and golden hamsters. In the ovaries of 20-90-day old guinea pigs, the major C21-17-hydroxysteroids and C19-steroids formed from progesterone were 4-ene-3-ketosteroids, such as 17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione and 4-androstene-3,17-dione, and 5 alpha-C21-17-hydroxysteroids and 5 alpha-C19-steroids were not produced. In contrast, the major steroids formed by the ovaries of immature rats and immature hamsters were 5 alpha-steroids, such as 3 alpha, 17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one and androsterone, and no 4-ene-3-ketosteroids were found. The 5 alpha-reductase activity (nmol/g tissue/h) in the ovaries of immature hamsters was approx 150 times higher than those in the ovaries of guinea pigs of different ages. In contrast to rats and hamsters, the ovaries of immature guinea pigs do not form a significant amount of 5 alpha-androgens.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor released by cultured human luteinized granulosa cells is higher in women with polycystic ovaries than in women with normal ovaries.

To test the hypothesis that increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in women with polycystic ovaries or the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) result from excess release by ovarian granulosa cells. Prospective study. Academic research setting. Twenty women undergoing IVF treatment, of whom 10 had normal ovaries and 10 had polycystic ovaries. Human granulosa lutein cells were isolated from follicular fluid obtained on the day of oocyte retrieval. Release of VEGF was assessed after co-incubation of granulosa lutein cells with gonadotropins and insulin. Serum and follicular fluid concentrations of VEGF were measured. Release of VEGF from granulosa lutein cells and serum levels of VEGF. Incubation with human hCG, and luteinizing hormone increased release of VEGF into the culture medium. Insulin alone did not increase release of VEGF, but addition of insulin increased hCG-stimulated release of VEGF. Serum and follicular fluid VEGF concentrations and the amount VEGF released from granulosa lutein cells obtained from women with polycystic ovaries or PCOS and those who developed the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were greater than those from granulosa lutein cells obtained from women with normal ovaries and those who did not develop the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The amount of VEGF released by granulosa lutein cells is gonadotropin dependent and is augmented by insulin. The increased circulating concentrations of VEGF in women with PCOS may not only be due to an increased number of actively secreting granulosa lutein cells but also due to increased secretory capacity of each granulosa cell.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle.

The aim of this study was to test whether ovulation from an ovary affects the health of oocytes from dominant follicles in that ovary two cycles later. A total of 80 women each with two intact ovaries underwent 270 treatment cycles (155 natural cycles and 115 clomiphene citrate cycles) all showing unilateral ovulation. The results from the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment were grouped according to whether ovulation (O) or anovulation (A) (no ovulation) was observed in the ovary with dominant follicle during the treatment cycle in the previous two cycles: O-O, A-O, O-A and A-A (previous second cycle-previous first cycle). The rate of pre-embryo formation in A-A was significantly higher than that of O-A. The pregnancy rate in A-A (29%) was also higher than those of O-A (13%), A-O (9%) and O-O (5%). These rates increased from O-O to A-A as the number of previous ovulations in an ovary decreased. The presence of a corpus luteum and/or a dominant follicle is likely to exert local negative effects on the health of the oocyte contained in the follicle selected to ovulate up to two cycles later. Anovulations in an ovary for two menstrual cycles may therefore provide improved conditions for the development of a healthier oocyte with an increased pregnancy potential.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lectin binding sites in normal rat ovary and ENU-induced Sertoli cell tumors of the ovaries.

A panel of seven fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled lectins were used to study the distribution of specific binding sites in histologic sections of rat ovaries and ENU-induced Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) of the ovaries. Ten SCT and 5 normal ovaries derived from Berlin Druckey IV (BD-IV) rats were examined by FITC lectins. The tissues examined were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks. In normal ovaries, lectin binding sites were more uniform, ordered and consistent than in ovarian SCT where some lectin staining appeared disorderly inconsistent and varied with the degree of tumor differentiation. Two lectins, (from Triticum vulgaris [WGA] and Arachis hypogaea [PNA], uniformly stained the apices of the ovarian surface epithelium and subadjacent tunica vaginalis. The ovarian stroma, oocyte nucleus, follicular and granulosa-theca cells, stained uniformly strong with succinated Con A (from Con-canavalia ensiformis). Three lectins (from Triticum vulgaris, Ulex europeaus [UEA-1] and Arachis hypogeae) accentuated the basal lamina in the SCT and normal ovarian follicles. The zona pellucida was strongly labeled with lectin derived from Triticum vulgaris, Ricinus communis (RCA) and moderately with lectin derived from Arachis hypogeae. The oviduct ampulla exhibited an intracytoplasmic strong vesicular labeling with lectins derived from Triticum vulgare, Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Glycin max (Soybean-SBA) and Arachis hypogeae. The SCT cells showed an inconsistent, irregular labeling pattern with lectins derived from Ulex europaeus, Dolichos biflorus and Soybean mostly as a coarse granular cytoplasmic labeling. Neuraminidase digestion enhanced lectin staining with PNA in normal ovary and in SCT. This data provided at list of lectin markers for distinct components of the BD-IV rat ovary and ovarian SCT.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Dissimilarity of corpora lutea within the same ovaries or those from right and left ovaries of pigs during the oestrous cycle.

A total of 48 corpora lutea from the right and left ovaries of 2 gilts on Day 9 and 2 gilts on Day 13 of the oestrous cycle were analysed for gonadotrophin binding, progesterone concentration and 3 enzyme activities. The weights of corpora lutea from the right and left ovaries on Days 9 and 13 did not differ, but the values on Day 13 were lower than those on Day 9. The specific binding of 125I-labelled hCG, progesterone concentration, and activities of cytochrome c oxidase (a mitochondrial enzyme), beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (a lysosomal enzyme) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (a cytosol enzyme) differed, with some exceptions, among the corpora lutea within the same ovaries and those from the right and left ovaries on Days 9 and 13 of the cycle. The gonadotrophin binding differences amongst the corpora lutea appeared to be due to the differences in the total number of available receptors rather than in the receptor affinities. There was no strict correspondence between the magnitude of gonadotrophin binding and luteal progesterone concentration. These data show that porcine corpora lutea within the same ovaries, and those from the right and the left ovary, are quite dissimilar.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed2001

Altered autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor in the ovary of a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the tyrosine autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) in the ovary of a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was reduced compared to normal. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. PATIENT(S): One woman with PCOS and one healthy control, both of whom underwent a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. INTERVENTION(S): Plasma membrane fraction of ovarian tissue was isolated, and the IR was purified and concentrated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Western blots of the IR, which had been incubated with and without insulin, were prepared. Colorimetric and chemiluminescent methods were used to detect the presence of the IR beta-subunit and IR tyrosine autophosphorylation, respectively. RESULT(S): The presence of the beta-subunit of the IR was identified in both ovarian samples. The degree of insulin-stimulated IR tyrosine autophosphorylation, reflected by the mean (+/-SD) relative optical density of the 95 kd band, was 4.3-fold higher in the normal ovary compared to the PCOS ovary (0.56 +/- 0.18 optical density vs. 0.13 +/- 0.10 optical density, respectively). CONCLUSION(S): Tyrosine autophosphorylation of the IR may be decreased in the ovaries of women with PCOS, similar to the findings in other tissues. The mechanisms through which insulin acts to produce an excess in ovarian androgen production in the face of a decrease in ovarian IR autophosphorylation remain to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: how many punctures per ovary are needed to improve the reproductive outcome?

AIM: To evaluate the biochemical, clinical and reproductive results after laparoscopic ovarian drilling that carried out a different number of punctures in the ovaries. METHODS: Sixty-three clomiphene-citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling using insulated needle cautery. Patients were allocated to two groups: group I (n = 26) had five punctures per ovary, and group II (n = 37) had 10 punctures per ovary. Biochemical and clinical data, before and after the procedure along with the reproductive outcome, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in terms of body mass index, and insulin and glucose levels before and after the procedure between the two groups. Androgen levels and luteinizing hormone concentrations showed a statistically significant decrease after the treatment. The clinical and reproductive outcome, including menses cyclicity, ovulation, and pregnancy rates were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ovarian drilling is an effective treatment in clomiphene-citrate-resistant women with PCOS. Five, instead of > or = 10, punctures per ovary are sufficient to ameliorate the hyperandrogenic status in these women, improving their clinical and reproductive outcome.

Adult↗