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PubMed2000

Perceived oral health status, oral function and related behaviour among the patients of Behçet's disease.

The majority of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) suffers from oral ulcers. The aim of the present study was to survey self-rated oral health status, oral function, and oral health behaviour of patients with BD in eastern Japan. Subjects were 33 BD patients and 101 healthy individuals ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The items of oral health in the questionnaire included subjective symptoms, self-rated dental problems and oral health behaviour. We found that compared to the healthy subjects, BD patients experienced more severe physical limitations, mainly involving difficulty in pronouncing words (p < 0.01) and the pain of oral mucosa and gingival tissue caused by oral ulcers (p < 0.01). Based on the results of oral health behaviour, BD patients did not behave positively with regard to maintaining oral health including regular tooth brushing despite relatively higher risk of dental diseases that they face. The present results suggest that oral ulcers due to BD induced dental disorder such as the pain of gingiva, oral mucosa, and difficulty in the pronouncing of words. In spite of this, their oral health behaviour is not positive compared to the healthy subjects. Thus, the need to develop a more active pragramme for oral health education for patients with BD is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Community nurses' contribution to oral health.

Oral health is an important component of general health and well-being. Although oral health has improved dramatically in children and young adults, oral diseases remain common, particularly among disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Many patients seen by community nurses will fall into these categories and are less likely to have sought treatment. This article presents the epidemiology of oral diseases and conditions for specific groups in society that community nurses will be caring for. It looks at prescribing principles and describes treatment and advice for common oral conditions, including those where prescription may be appropriate. Community nurses play an important role in the oral health care of society, particularly among those least likely to access dental services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Current dental practice in Ivory Coast. Study of population attitudes to oral health and oral health services].

The buccodental health in Africa is distinctive because of the weakness of substructure to supply the needs in dental cure. This study shows how the ivoirians take interest in buccodental care and health care. It notifies that: Firstly, patients only make an appointment with the dentist particularly when advanced lesions occur (92.76% of cases) as unbearable painful affections (acule pulpal inflammatory, phoenix abscess); bulky cellulitis. Secondly, they are inclined not to show up for their appointment, when painful symptoms disappear. Consequently the author recommend some therapeutic acts.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Attitudes to and perceptions of oral health and oral care among community-dwelling elderly residents of Stockholm, Sweden: an interview study.

The aim of this study was to document perceptions of oral health of community-dwelling elderly people and how it had been affected through life. Twelve individuals (mean age 78.2 years) were gradually recruited to an interview study. The interviews were conducted as conversations, and the topics in a guide model were introduced only if they did not arise spontaneously. The interviews lasted 60-90 min and were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed by the phenomenological-hermeneutic method. The interviews dealt with perceptions of growing old, life style, general health, former dental experiences, dental care in adult life, current oral health, general medical care, dental care, oral hygiene, dental hygienist care and the level of participation in treatment decisions. The interviewees were generally satisfied with their present oral health and often referred to their parents' oral problems as deterrents. Dental experiences from childhood, in association with the welfare state and personal financial security, were factors which influenced attitudes and perceptions of oral health and oral care. Although dental care was regarded as very expensive, it had been given priority over other expenses in adult life. The results confirm that the dental hygienist must take into account the importance of oral health to well being in old age and be aware that in elderly people, perception of personal oral health is multifactorial, influenced by life-long experience.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Influence of sociodemographic variables on use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the possible influence of sociodemographic variables on use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study based on 1,676 interviews conducted with parents or guardians of children ages 3-15 years. The dependent variables analysed were: use of dental services in the preceding 12 months; self-reported caries ever; and daily dental hygiene measured as toothbrushing frequency. Independent variables were sex, age, size of town or city, educational level, and monthly income of the family unit. RESULTS: A total of 60% of the study children had not visited a dental professional in the preceding 12 months. Children having parents or guardians with the lowest educational level were 1.592 times more likely to have received no dental care than those with the highest educational level. The likelihood of not having made use of such dental services rose 2.232-fold in cases where income was < 600 versus >1200 per month. Overall prevalence of self-reported caries for the sample as a whole was 34.4%. Subjects in the lowest income bracket (< 600 per month) were 1.497 times more likely to have caries than those in the highest income bracket. In all, 68.5% brushed their teeth every night, but the percentage rose significantly with age, size of town or city, and income. CONCLUSION: There is considerable social inequality in the use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Influence of parents' oral health behaviour on oral health status of their school children: an exploratory study employing a causal modelling technique.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the simultaneous interrelationships between parents' oral health behaviour and the oral health status of their school children. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Subjects comprised 296 pairs of parents (mother or father) and their children at an elementary school in Hiroshima. The child's dental examination was performed using the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria for decayed teeth (DT) and filled teeth (FT). The Oral Rating Index for Children (ORI-C) was used for the child's gingival health examination. Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) was used for the assessment of the parents' oral health behaviour. A parent-child behavioural model was tested by the linear structural relations (LISREL) programme. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between DT and ORI-C (r = - 0.168; P < 0.01). Correlation was found between ORI-C and oral health behaviour in children (OHB-C) (r = 0.182; P < 0.01). OHB-C was significantly associated with the HU-DBI (r = 0.251; P < 0.001). The hypothesized model after some revisions was found to be consistent with the data (chi(2) = 1.3, d.f. = 6, P = 0.97; Goodness of Fit Index = 0.999). Parents' oral health behaviour affected their children's oral health behaviour (P < 0.001). Children's oral health behaviour affected their DT through its effect on gingival health level. Parents' oral health behaviour also had a significant direct effect on their children's DT (P < 0.05). Children's grade affected both DT and their oral health behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Parents' oral health behaviour could influence their children's gingival health and dental caries directly and/or indirectly through its effect on children's oral health behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Dental self-efficacy as a determinant to oral health behaviour, oral hygiene and HbA1c level among diabetic patients.

Because of a mutual association between severity of periodontitis and poor control of IDDM, regular dental visits and daily oral care are important among diabetics. The aim was to develop a method for analysing dental self-efficacy and to study the relationship between dental self-efficacy and reported oral health behaviour and oral hygiene. The relationship between oral health behaviour and HbA1c level was also studied. Data were collected in relation to 149 IDDM patients by means of a quantitative questionnaire, evaluation of dental plaque and patient records. Results showed that tooth brushing self-efficacy, approximal cleaning self-efficacy and dental visiting self-efficacy related to corresponding reported oral health behaviour (p<0.0005). Visible plaque index (VPI) correlated inversely with tooth brushing self-efficacy (r(s) = -0.208, p = 0.012) and dental visiting self-efficacy (r(s) = -0.240, p = 0.004). Approximal cleaning self-efficacy correlated with age (r(s) = 0.225, p = 0.006) and dental visiting self-efficacy was related to higher professional level of education (p = 0.009). Those having better tooth brushing self-efficacy (p = 0.020), higher frequency of tooth brushing (p = 0.032) and lower VPI (p<0.0005) had better HbA1c level. It was concluded that perception of dental self-efficacy plays a decisive rôle in relation to oral health behaviour in diabetic patients, and that compliance with dental recommendations is also related to HbA1c level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Providing optimal oral health.

Oral health is achieved with adequate nutrition, a properly functioning masticatory apparatus, a flow of saliva, and mechanical cleaning of the oral cavity by artificial means. Interruption of one or more of these factors produces significant changes in the oral cavity, leading to collection of debris and formation of plaque, tartar, dental caries, and periodontal disease. The astute nurse will consider these factors in her overall assessment of the client and will institute in the total plan of care specific nursing measures to prevent, minimize, or reverse changes in the oral cavity. The choice of agents to be used for oral hygiene should be based on a knowledge of their characteristics and function rather than on their convenience of preparation or tradition. The method of implementation should be determined by the client's status mentally and physically, and the frequency of care should be determined by a continued evaluation of the results achieved. Too often in nursing we accept into use agents or methods introduced for care with little or no evidence of their effectiveness, and tend to perpetuate their use because of their convenience or our assumptions that they are beneficial. A review of the literature regarding oral hygiene has helped focus on the areas of agreement as well as on the areas of question regarding the efficacy of the components of oral care: the criteria for assessment, the agents selected, the methods used, and the frequency required. Further scientific inquiry should be done by nurses to build on the knowledge and criteria enumerated--specifically, to define further criteria for assessing changes in the condition of the oral cavity--and to study the effects of various agents on the pH of the mouth.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed1997

Oral health status and oral health behaviour of 12-year-old urban schoolchildren in the People's Republic of China.

OBJECTIVE: To describe oral health status of urban Chinese children aged 12 years, to evaluate the pattern of oral health behaviour, and to assess the relative effect of socio-behavioural risk factors on dental caries experience. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of 12-year-old children was conducted in the Hubei Province of China, including urban and periurban groups. The sampling was in accordance with the WHO procedures as applied in the second national survey of oral health. Data were collected by clinical examinations and use of self-administered questionnaires. SETTING: The survey was initiated by the National Committee of Oral Health, China, in order to aid the planning and evaluation of school-based oral health care. SUBJECTS: A sample of 698 children aged 12 years (96 per cent of original sample) participated in the survey; the sample was balanced by gender and urbanisation (urban/periurban). OUTCOME MEASURES: The children were clinically examined according to the WHO basic methods and responded to standardised questionnaires on oral health behaviour, knowledge, and attitudes. RESULTS: The mean DMFT of the children was 0.77 and DT constituted most of the caries index. About 65 per cent of the children had CPITN maximum score 2 (gingival bleeding and calculus). Only 40 per cent brushed their teeth at least twice a day and 46 per cent had seen a dentist within the past year. Variations by urbanisation were observed and the multiple linear regression of dental caries experience revealed that consumption of surgary foods, location and dental visits were the most important independent variables. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that systematic oral health promotion programmes for children in China are urgently needed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

Developing appropriate dental education systems: the impact of changes in oral health status and oral health care systems.

Current education programmes for oral health care workers have failed to adapt to the changing oral health status and the changing demands made upon oral health care systems. In order to adapt, education systems need to recognise the forces that are influencing the demands on the oral health care system and identify the most appropriate solutions. The most logical solution is to develop programmes which reflect the Primary Health Care Approach (PHCA), and in particular emphasise inter-sectorial collaboration. The challenge for dental education systems is to identify mechanisms through which these principles can be applied.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2002

Changing oral health status and oral health behaviour of schoolchildren in Poland.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the occurrence of dental caries over time in Polish schoolchildren, to analyse the oral health behaviour of children and mothers, and to compare the levels of dental knowledge and attitudes of mothers and schoolteachers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional oral health surveys of children aged 6 and 12 years were carried out in 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2000; questionnaire surveys of a sample of mothers and schoolteachers were conducted in 1999. SETTING: The surveys in schools intended to aid planning and evaluation of the revitalised school oral health programme in Poland. SUBJECTS: Children of age six years comprised: 1995 (n = 1860); 1997 (n = 922); 1999 (n = 2290); 2000 (n = 3391). The surveys of 12-year-old subjects covered: 1995 (n = 1859); 1997 (n = 2743); 1999 (n = 3060): 2000 (n = 3391). Mothers (n = 1040) of a randomised subsample of children (response rate 83%) and 471 schoolteachers (response rate 95%) were identified for the questionnaire surveys in 1999. OUTCOME MEASURE: Dental caries in children was recorded by WHO methods and criteria, self-administered questionnaires were used to gather information on dental knowledge, attitudes and practices of children and mothers while self-administered questionnaires for teachers covered dental knowledge, attitudes and involvement in health education. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The proportions of 6-year-old children being caries-free were 13% in 1995, 17% in 1997, 18% in 1999 and 12% in 2000. The mean DMFT of children aged 12 years was 4.2 in 1995, 4.0 in 1997, 4.0 in 1999 and 3.8 in 2000; the D-component was particularly high for rural children. In 1999, toothbrushing at least twice a day was reported for 64% of children and this practice was relatively frequent in urban areas. Dental visits were made by 71% of children and 56% of mothers. Knowledge and attitudes were low, particularly in rural areas. Dental care habits of children were highly influenced by dental attendance and level of education of mothers. Knowledge and attitudes were higher for teachers than mothers. The teachers knew about the poor dental conditions in children and wanted to become involved in oral health education. In conclusion, the need for oral health education of children and mothers was shown and the continuous implementation of school oral health programmes is most relevant.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Oral health status, oral microflora, and non-surgical periodontal treatment of renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporin A and FK506.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the oral health status, oral microflora and the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival overgrowth of renal allograft recipients receiving either cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506 (Tacrolimus) as an immunosuppressant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 patients receiving CsA (mean age 43.1 years) and 10 receiving FK506 (mean age 40.1 years) were included in the study. Stone casts were taken for measurement of gingival overgrowth. An oral rinse technique was used to investigate the prevalence of yeasts, and aerobic and facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods (AGNR). RESULTS: The CsA and FK506 patients exhibited a Gingival Overgrowth Index (GOI) of 45.2%, and 25.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). The CsA patients had a GOI of 15.2% after one year of non-surgical periodontal treatment. The difference between pre- and postoperative gingival overgrowth indices was significant (p < 0.0001). Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most notable yeast and AGRN found. CONCLUSIONS: Renal transplant patients, being immunocompromised, constitute a high-risk group for gingival overgrowth. However, the FK506 regime appeared to ameliorate this effect, compared with CsA. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was effective in reducing established gingival overgrowth in both CsA and FK506 patients (p < 0.05). Adequate pre- and post-transplant oral health care is recommended, for these patients, irrespective of the drug regime.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The effect of oral health education on oral health in kindergarten children].

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of oral health education on kindergarten children. METHOD: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pre -post test design. Data was collected from April 1st to November 30th, 2001. The total samples were sixty seven healthy kindergarten children; the experiment group consisted of thirty three and the control group was thirty four children. The experimental group received an oral health education program daily for 20 minutes for four weeks. RESULT: There was significant improvements on oral health behavior in the experimental group. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli of the salivary variables in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. The dmft was lower in the experimental group than the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However it was significantly lower in the experimental group than control group over time. CONCLUSION: Oral health education for kindergarten children showed an increase in the use of tooth paste and practicing correct tooth brush usage. Also, it decreased the rate of eating cariogenic food and had a positive effect on oral health through suppressing dental cavities.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of oral health knowledge and oral health status in mothers and their children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the oral health knowledge of mothers of children with cleft lip and/or palate, analyzing the practical application of this information on the basis of the oral hygiene of the children and caries prevalence of mothers and children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Pediatric Dentistry sector of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies. PATIENTS: Mothers (n = 300) and their children with cleft lip and/or palate, ages 3 years to 5 years 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An interview with questions related to dietary habits and oral health knowledge and habits was conducted. Children and their mothers also were evaluated by intraoral clinical examination. RESULTS: Of the mothers, 47.3% displayed poor oral health status (Group A) and 52.7% had a satisfactory oral health status (Group B). Children in Group A presented a mean dmft of 6.0, whereas children in Group B had a mean dmft of 5.6. No significant differences were observed between groups. Mothers demonstrated a reasonable knowledge on prevention of dental caries and oral hygiene. CONCLUSION: Even though the mothers interviewed had some knowledge on the causes and prevention of dental caries, other factors should be regarded as relevant in the caries process.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2001

Psychosocial issues in women's oral health.

Oral health is a significant issue for women because of its association with overall health and quality of life. There is growing evidence that the casual factors and consequences of oral disease are not only physical, but are also social and psychologic. As the importance and implications of the psychosocial factors become better understood, a more comprehensive model for treatment is developing. Accepting this role can lead dentists to a more multidisciplinary approach to successful treatment for their female patients.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Oral health status and oral health behaviour of urban and rural schoolchildren in Southern Thailand.

AIM: To describe the level of oral disease in urban and rural schoolchildren in Southern Thailand; to analyse self-care practices and dental visiting habits of 12-year-olds, and to assess the effect of socio-behavioural factors on dental caries experience. DESIGN: A cross sectional study of 6- and 12-year-old children, urban and rural schools chosen at random from 19 districts of one province. SETTING: Suratthani Province, Southern Thailand. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,156 children of grade 1 (6 yrs) and 1,116 children of grade 6 (12yrs). METHODS: Clinical recordings of dental caries and periodontal CPI scores 0, 1 or 2 according to WHO; structured interviews of 12-year-olds (n=1,084) concerning oral health behaviour and attitudes. RESULTS: At age 6, 96.3% of children had caries and mean dmft was 8.1. In 12-year-olds, 70% had caries in permanent teeth and the level of DMFT was 2.4. Experience of pain during the previous 12 months was reported by 53% of 12-year-olds, 66% saw a dentist within the previous year and 24% reported that visits were due to troubles in teeth. Toothbrushing at least once a day was claimed by 88%. Significant numbers of the children reported having hidden sugar every day: soft drinks (24%), milk with sugar (34%), and tea with sugar (26%). Important predictors of high caries experience were dental visits, consumption of sweets, ethnic group (Muslim) and sex (girls) whereas lower risk was observed in children with positive oral health attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic health education may further improve the oral health of Thai children and the primary school provides a unique setting for such programmes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Oral health status and oral health behaviors in Chinese Children.

The objectives of the study were to describe the oral health status and treatment needs of the 5- to 6-year-old and 12-year-old children in Southern China; to describe the patterns of oral health behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes among the 12-year-olds; and to assess the effects of socio-behavioral factors on the 12-year-old children's dental caries experiences. The study sample was comprised of 1,587 5- to 6-year-old and 1,576 12-year-old urban and rural schoolchildren living in Guangdong Province. Three calibrated dentists clinically examined the children, and trained interviewers interviewed the 12-year-olds. Caries prevalence of the 5- to 6-year-old children was high (urban 78% vs. rural 86%); the mean dmft of the urban and rural children was 4.8 and 7.0, respectively. The caries prevalence and mean DMFT score of the 12-year-olds were 41% and 0.9 (urban) and 42% and 0.9 (rural). Only 2% of the 12-year-olds exhibited no calculus or gingival bleeding, while more than 70% had calculus. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for establishing caries-preventive activities for preschool children. The prevalence of caries among the 12-year-olds was not high, but their periodontal condition was unsatisfactory. Knowledge about gum bleeding and the use of fluoride was low. More oral health education activities should be organized, especially for the rural children.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Use of oral health services and adult oral health in Finland.

This paper describes changes in use of oral health services and oral health in Finnish adults. The figures are taken from the Mini-Finland study of people aged 30 years or over (1980), a study of the oral health of persons aged 35 to 64 years old in the Jämsä Health Centre region (1990), and a study on the oral health of people aged 65 or over in the Varkaus region (1990). In 1980 one-third of Finnish adults aged 30 years or over visited a dentist at least once every two years. In 1990, 41% of the population between 35 and 64 years old visited a dentist at least once every two years. Among those aged 65 or over, however, most subjects visited a dentist only if they had an acute dental problem. An oral health check-up was the reason given for their last dental visit by 25% of adults in 1980. The percentage was slightly greater in 1990. Regular use of oral health services was reflected in better oral health. Occurrence of dental caries correlated strongly with use of oral health services. In 1980 only 4% of Finnish adults had a healthy periodontium. There was no marked improvement in 1990 in periodontal health. The most radical positive development was observed in relation to degree of periodontal loss. Despite some positive development, the association between oral health and use of oral health services has remained unchanged. The results support encouragement of an oral health check-up at least once every two years.

Adult↗