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PubMed1992

[Standards in quality assurance in nursing].

The purpose of this article is to describe what kind of nursing standards have been written in Finland. The quality assurance process of nursing includes setting of nursing standards. They express the desired quality level of nursing. They would also guide the practice of nursing. The analysed nursing standards were collected from five university hospitals, 15 central hospitals and nine health centers. The standards were collected with the questionnaire studying the present situation of quality assurance of nursing in Finland. The total number of analysed nursing standards was 190. According to the results the standards were mostly set to evaluate and characterize the quality of nursing of the certain patient group (e.g. new born child, dying patient, cancer patient in chemotherapy) and to evaluate the realization of nursing principles. Safety and individuality of nursing and independence and autonomy of patient were the most often appeared nursing principles in the analysed standards. The standards were written in passive and the level of quality was the ideal optimum. The nursing standards were expressed often abstractively and in such a form that the measurement and evaluation of reached level of the standard is a very difficult task.

Finland↗
PubMed1992

Nursing evaluation: purposes, achievements and opportunities.

Evaluation has become a powerful, specialized discipline in recent decades, with its own sophisticated conceptual and technical apparatus. Evaluation of nursing has benefited strongly from these developments, as examples of cogent, recent evaluations demonstrate. Evaluation is already proving an indispensable practical tool for raising the quality of health care, and for advancing professional nursing standards. Nonetheless, there is room for further improvement. Neglected areas of nursing should be brought under the spotlight of evaluation, conceptual and methodological rigour should be strengthened, and training in research skills should be extended.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlating nursing care, nursing practice, and nursing performance standards.

All too often nursing standards have been viewed as a cumbersome paperwork task with little day-to-day practical relevance. Using a matrix approach that incorporates nursing role functions and the nursing process, the authors developed a model that provides the basis for job descriptions, performance appraisals, peer review, and quality management activities.

Employee Performance Appraisal↗
PubMed1991

Oncology nursing care standards.

Oncology nursing as a specialised nursing discipline has no published nursing care standards for South Africa. The purpose of this study was to formulate oncology nursing standards for a particular research hospital. A specific approach was used and the oncology nursing experts in the research hospital compiled and formulated the standards. Group discussions and critical debating of the standards followed. The standards were ratified by means of verbal consensus between the experts and professional nurses in the oncology unit. These standards could serve as a guide to ensure quality oncology nursing care. National validation of the standards is recommended.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

'The age of unreason' and the charge nurse.

In this introduction to a major six-part series on issues in ward management facing charge nurses, series co-ordinator Ros Brown urges a positive attitude towards the momentous changes which are taking place in the National Health Service in general and nursing in particular. It is important, she argues, that charge nurses consider the potential opportunities which might arise from change and reform; otherwise, 'a wave of disinvestment' in the service might be created at a time when commitment and endeavour are perhaps needed most. Ros Brown's incisive analysis sets the scene for the issues which will be explored in subsequent articles. The first part of the series appears in next week's edition of Nursing Standard.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Opportunity and the charge nurse.

Nursing Standard has, over the past six weeks, produced a series of articles dealing with issues in ward management for charge nurses. Series co-ordinator Ros Brown now offers a postscript which acts as a conclusion for the series and reflects on the dilemmas and opportunities which face charge nurses as they enter into the world of purchasers and providers, hospital Trusts and PREPP. It is essential that the role of the charge nurse is not only preserved in this changing climate, she argues, but is cultivated, nurtured and recognised as an indispensable function. The future looks bright for those prepared to discard the habits of the past and grasp the challenges of the present.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation: objective assessment of muscle function.

The lack of an appropriate and objective measuring scale or tool has ensured that rehabilitation nurses' assessments of patients' muscle function have tended to be subjective and, arguably, inconsistent. Such inexact methods are no longer acceptable to the increasingly audit-conscious health service and research-oriented nursing profession. The authors introduce a means of completing an objective assessment of patients' muscle function which, they claim, will enable nurses to evaluate the efficacy of current and potential treatment options. In follow-up articles appearing in the next two editions of Nursing Standard, they discuss electrotherapeutic rehabilitation of skeletal muscle function.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women, nursing and caring: the issues.

This is the first of three consecutive articles in Nursing Standard dealing with the issues affecting women in nursing. Articles two and three will focus on the specific problems faced by black and ethnic minority women, and on the future of nurse education in relation to recruitment and retention of nurses. This week, the general issues linking women, caring and nursing are examined, and some possible explanations of why so many women are found in nursing are offered.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation of muscle function. Part 2.

This article describes the utilisation of a physiologically based research technique developed to facilitate the nursing care of patients with skeletal muscle wasting. The technique, which involved electrotherapeutic stimulation to the first dorsal interosseous muscle of a group of arthritic patients, demonstrates that patterned neuromuscular stimulation of skeletal muscle can have enormously beneficial effects in preserving and regenerating skeletal muscle. The reasons for the muscle wasting, and the subsequent vicious spiral of immobility, were reviewed in Part 1 (1), and both articles build on the concepts described in a previous paper published in Nursing Standard (2).

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health. Ethical standards and human rights.

In an earlier article in Nursing Standard (1), the author discussed the use of control and restraint techniques when dealing with violent or potentially violent situations. Here, he offers a nurse's perspective on the ethical and human rights issues which confront staff who are trying to cope with the challenging behaviours of their patients and who, as a last resort, may have to use physical restraint to prevent injury occurring. In intervening physically, nurses, he argues, must be aware of the legal and ethical boundaries of their practice.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk management strategies.

Risk management is defined in the Intravenous Nursing Standards of Practice as a "process that centers on identification, analysis, treatment and evaluation of renal and potential hazards." Just what type of risk do these hazards pose and what types of "real and potential hazards" are there? The first question is the easiest to answer.

Fluid Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Nursing editors back words with money.

During their Ninth Annual Meeting, international nursing editors were told of the visit of Norah Casey, editor of Nursing Standard, to Romania on behalf of the Care for Romania Appeal. She found children dying of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and other diseases. Through the Appeal nurses are being sent to care for the children and to provide education for their care givers.

Child↗