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The Impact of Nurse-to-Patient Ratios on Nurses' Burnout, Job Dissatisfaction, and Intention-to-Leave: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Adequate nurse staffing is essential for ensuring workforce well-being and patient safety. Imbalanced nurse-to-patient ratios contribute to burnout, job dissatisfaction, and turnover, which compromise care quality. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of nurse-to-patient ratios on nurse burnout, job dissatisfaction, intention-to-leave, and patient outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified cross-sectional studies examining nurse-to-patient ratios and related outcomes. RESULTS: Eighteen studies involving 183 876 nurses from 4085 hospitals were included. Higher nurse-to-patient ratios increased the odds of burnout (OR: 1.08), job dissatisfaction (OR: 1.10), and intention-to-leave (OR: 1.09). Each additional patient per nurse increased mortality and readmission risks by 7% to 8%, with decreased perceived care quality. CONCLUSION: Higher nurse-to-patient ratios adversely affect nurses and patients. Ensuring adequate staffing is critical to prevent burnout and maintain safe, high-quality care.

Humans

Your story, your brand: A career core competency for nurses.

Intentional management of one's professional story, or narrative discipline , is now a core competency and responsibility for nurses at all career stages. Workforce mobility, interdisciplinary collaboration, broadening career opportunities, and the expansion of digital platforms have elevated the importance of how nurses are perceived by colleagues, organizations, and the public. Increasingly, a nurse's professional story and digital footprint influence professional opportunities, career advancement, and even employment decisions.Many companies invest heavily in brand management to build trust and emotional connection with the people they serve. Importantly, narrative discipline also contributes directly to healthy work environments by reinforcing trust, role clarity, respect, and psychological safety. Drawing from leadership practice, emerging research on nurses' social media use, healthy work environment principles, and guidance from national nurse leadership organizations, this article outlines how nurses can align personal, professional, and enterprise identities; use language deliberately; and engage with discipline and integrity. Practical strategies are provided to help nurses move from passive narrative formation to intentional storytelling that supports career development, workforce engagement, organizational trust, and the sustainability of the nursing profession.

Humans

Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner outcomes after completion of a 1-year postgraduate fellowship.

Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are an essential and growing part of the health care workforce, especially in community settings. To address PMHNPs' increasing presence in community psychiatry, a 1-year postgraduate PMHNP fellowship in community psychiatry was developed with the goals of enhancing clinical competency and employment retention in underserved public sector settings. Data on 5 cohorts and 31 fellows are presented in this article. PMHNP fellows, preceptors, didactics, and clinical sites were evaluated across several time points including baseline and 6 and 12 months. The program has graduated 100% of fellows with largely positive feedback. Fellows reported significant improvements in competency across the domains of 1) assessment and diagnosis, 2) treatment, and 3) professionalism and leadership. These items were substantiated by clinical preceptors' ratings of fellows' clinical skills from 6-month and 12-month time points. Relatedly, clinical sites, preceptors, and didactics were all rated highly by fellows. After the program, 90.3% of graduates remained working in the public sector including correctional settings, community clinics, and safety net hospitals.

Community psychiatry

Communication crossroads: Exploring generational dynamics in nursing from the bedside to the boardroom.

Nurses have up to four times more patient contact than physicians, positioning them as central drivers of communication in health care. Effective communication directly influences patient outcomes, teamwork, staff engagement, and the overall care experience. Today's nurses operate within a highly diverse environment that includes four generations in the workforce and up to eight generations of patients, each with distinct values, expectations, and communication preferences. This article examines how generational differences shape communication across three key relational domains: peer-to-peer, nurse-to-patient, and nurse-to-leader interactions, and offers insights to strengthen collaboration, engagement, and quality of care.

Humans

Final-year nursing students' clinical practice experiences: a reflection study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the most impactful clinical practice experiences of final-year nursing students and the future-oriented actions developed in response to these experiences. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive qualitative design was used. Following reflection training in the internship practice course, 134 final-year nursing students were asked to describe the experience that affected them most during clinical practice. A total of 123 written reflections were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: near-miss events, incivility behaviors, and positive preceptoring roles. Negative experiences were mainly related to patients, relatives, and nurses and often led students to feel fear and inadequacy. Students reported action plans focused on effective communication, safe patient care, and becoming positive role models. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of supportive clinical learning environments and positive professional socialization during the transition from student to nurse. IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE: Nursing students worldwide may encounter incivility and near-miss events during clinical practice, potentially adversely affecting their learning experiences and professional development.

Humans

Voluntary Knowledge Brokering to Promote Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: A Qualitative Study.

Knowledge brokering is a process of connecting knowledge producers with users to facilitate evidence-based practice through relationship building and information sharing. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to clarify knowledge brokering by nurses in Japanese hospitals. Twelve registered nurses in Japanese hospitals participated. They had over 5 years' clinical experience, including experience in conducting research, particularly staff research, and education. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis revealed a central theme: continuous efforts to foster empathy among colleagues and spontaneously promote evidence-based practice: multifaceted brokering activities by clinical nurses. Findings identified 10 categories categorized into four interconnected gears: establishing the foundational ground, assessing clinical needs and staff readiness, tailoring and diffusing evidence, and sustaining and evolving evidence-based practice. Even nurses without formal titles voluntarily bridged the research-practice gap, providing new insights into informal brokering. Brokers communicated considerately, balanced evidence with clinical context, negotiated practical compromises, and fostered staff research competency.

Humans

Genomic science and the nurse educator's role: Promoting integration from curriculum to clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Registered nurses and nurse educators play a critical role in preparing future clinicians to translate genomic discoveries into practice. However, emerging evidence suggests that both groups may lack sufficient knowledge and confidence in genomics, potentially limiting their ability to teach, mentor, and apply genomics in real-world settings. This gap is especially concerning in Aotearoa New Zealand, where the genomic literacy of nurse educators and clinicians remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: (1) assess nurse educators' genomic literacy and confidence in teaching genomics; and (2) evaluate registered nurses' knowledge and confidence in applying and teaching genomics in clinical practice. DESIGN: Exploratory descriptive qualitative. SETTING: This study was conducted in the greater Auckland area. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 17 participants were recruited using purposive sampling to ensure a diverse range of perspectives across varying levels of teaching experience, disciplinary backgrounds, and exposure to genomic content. METHODS: Data were collected using semi-structured focus group interviews, a method well-suited for generating in-depth discussion and facilitating interaction among participants with shared professional interests. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis methods. RESULTS: The findings offer insight into the preparedness of New Zealand's nursing workforce to engage with genomic-informed healthcare and inform strategies for integrating genomics into nursing curricula and continuing professional development. Given the interdisciplinary nature of genomic healthcare, these insights may also be relevant to other health professionals-including midwives, pharmacists, and allied health practitioners-who increasingly encounter genomic information in clinical practice and require foundational competencies to support patient care. CONCLUSION: Addressing this educational gap is critical to ensuring that nurses-key facilitators of patient care and public health-are equipped to deliver safe, equitable, and evidence-based genomic healthcare.

Humans

Preregistration nursing student attrition and strategies to improve student retention in university; an umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: Attrition among preregistration nursing students remains a persistent international challenge, contributing to nursing workforce shortages. Although extensive research has examined factors influencing student attrition and retention, the evidence is fragmented across review-level literature, limiting clarity regarding priority and evidence-informed retention strategies. AIM: To synthesize review-level evidence on factors associated with preregistration nursing student attrition and to identify strategies that support student retention in university-based nursing programs. METHODS: An umbrella review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Six electronic databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature reviews published in English between January 2016 and October 2025. Eligible reviews focused on undergraduate preregistration nursing students in face-to-face university programs. Methodological quality was appraised using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Findings were synthesised using narrative and thematic approaches. RESULTS: Seventeen literature reviews were included. Attrition was consistently described as multifactorial, influenced by academic preparedness, psychosocial wellbeing, socio-demographic factors, and institutional support. Retention strategies reported across reviews were predominantly relational, developmental, and sustained over time, including mentoring, tutoring, academic skills development, psychosocial support, and interventions that foster belonging. Faculty engagement and holistic approaches were repeatedly associated with improved student persistence. However, the evidence base was largely descriptive, with limited experimental evaluation of intervention effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Preregistration nursing student retention is best supported through multifaceted, sustained strategies that begin at admission and extend throughout the curriculum. While current evidence highlights consistent patterns of effective support, further rigorous research is required to evaluate retention interventions and extend evidence to flexible nursing education pathways.

Humans

Workplace Safety Champions: Strengthening safety culture through nurse engagement.

Workplace violence is a growing concern in health care, disproportionately affecting frontline nurses and nursing assistants. Despite high prevalence, underreporting remains a barrier to effective prevention and response. This article describes the development, implementation, and outcomes of a Workplace Safety Champion program designed to increase reporting of violent incidents and strengthen a culture of safety. A multidisciplinary task force developed an evidence-based Workplace Safety Champion course that emphasizes de-escalation strategies, reporting processes, and staff support. Champions were appointed across inpatient and emergency units and integrated into a hospital-wide Workplace Safety Champion Council. Program evaluation used course completion data and posttraining surveys. The organizational goal of having at least one trained champion in 90% of inpatient and emergency units was exceeded, with 98% of units represented (N = 93 champions). More than 85% of learners reported intent to change their response to workplace violence, and 90% endorsed improved knowledge of resources and de-escalation strategies. The Workplace Safety Champion program successfully improved staff awareness, reporting, and engagement in workplace violence prevention. Embedding champions across units can serve as a sustainable strategy to strengthen safety culture and support frontline health care workers.

Humans

Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Nursing Clinical Decision-Making: An Umbrella Review.

AIM: To describe contemporary peer-reviewed literature on artificial intelligence in nurses' clinical decision-making. METHODS: An umbrella review of literature reviews. DATA SOURCES: Four major databases were searched for reviews published between 2019 and 2024. RESULTS: Sixteen literature reviews reported on 965 nursing artificial intelligence primary studies. The studies focused on technology development and emerging performance evaluations, whilst real-world testing or implementation in nursing clinical settings was rare. Rigorous comparative analyses were lacking. While artificial intelligence demonstrates promise in decision-making, challenges such as a lack of controlled studies, algorithmic bias, limited reproducibility and insufficient clinical trials hinder its practical impact. Ethical concerns, transparency and patient data privacy issues pose barriers to AI integration in nursing practice. Ethical and legal guidelines for patient privacy are needed and should be taught along with AI literacy training for nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence has the potential to enhance clinical nursing decision-making, although evidence is limited by too few examples of nurse participation during development. Underutilisation in administrative nursing functions hinders implementation. Nurses should assume a central role in the design and development of AI applications to ensure that these technologies address the realities of nursing practice. With such improvements, artificial intelligence can transform nursing practice, improve nurses' clinical decision-making and ultimately enhance consumer healthcare outcomes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: No Patient or Public Involvement. REPORTING METHOD: While there is no reporting checklist for umbrella reviews, the PRISMA guide for systematic reviews was followed.

Artificial Intelligence

Time Heals Some Wounds? Burnout but Not Secondary Traumatic Stress in Critical Care Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Burnout among new nurses has been widely documented. Less is known about how years of professional experience relate to distinct components of professional quality of life, including compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress. Early-career nurses appear particularly vulnerable to occupational strain, warranting examination of how years of experience may influence perceptions of professional well-being. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between years of nursing experience and professional quality of life among critical care nurses. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted using the Professional Quality of Life scale. A convenience sample of 55 nurses were recruited and consented from a rural hospital in the western United States. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were used to examine relationships between years of experience and scores on the instrument's subscales. RESULTS: Forty nurses provided complete survey responses. Years of nursing experience correlated positively with compassion satisfaction and negatively with burnout. No significant relationship was found between years of experience and secondary traumatic stress. CONCLUSIONS: Greater professional experience was associated with higher compassion satisfaction and lower burnout but not with secondary traumatic stress. These findings suggest that experience may buffer against cumulative occupational strain, whereas trauma-related stress responses may persist across career stages. Structured mentoring and transition support may help to mitigate burnout among early-career nurses, and trauma-informed leadership approaches may warrant consideration in high-acuity environments.

Humans

A flipped classroom approach compared with low-interactive online learning for pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation in nursing students: A randomized controlled study.

AIM: This study aimed to compare a flipped classroom approach with low-interactive online learning in terms of nursing students' questionnaire-assessed pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation. BACKGROUND: Pain management in children is a critical and multidimensional nursing responsibility. However, limited curricular time and opportunities for applied learning may restrict nursing students' preparedness in this area. Structured and interactive instructional formats, such as the flipped classroom, may support knowledge acquisition and motivation in pediatric nursing education. METHODS: This study employed a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Eighty-eight third-year prelicensure nursing students were randomized to either the flipped classroom group (n = 44) or the low-interactive online learning group (n = 44). Due to attrition (2 intervention, 2 control), analyses included 42 participants per group (n = 84 in total). Data were collected between February and July 2022 using the Pediatric Pain Management Knowledge Scale for Nursing Students and the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey. This study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07129044). RESULTS: At baseline, the groups were comparable in terms of knowledge and learning motivation. Following the intervention, the flipped classroom group demonstrated greater improvements in questionnaire-assessed pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation than the low-interactive online learning group. Although scores declined from post-test to the three-month follow-up, they remained above baseline in the flipped classroom group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the context of this course, the flipped classroom approach was associated with greater improvement in questionnaire-assessed pediatric pain management knowledge and instructional motivation than low-interactive online learning. The findings should be interpreted as proximal educational outcomes rather than evidence of improved clinical competence or durable long-term effectiveness. Further studies using objective performance-based outcomes and longer follow-up periods are needed.

Humans

Assessing comorbidities and predicting risk: A primer for APRNs.

Today's clinical environments are rife with tools designed to comprehensively account for medical complexity and comorbidities while predicting risk for a host of adverse health-related outcomes. Therefore, it is imperative that advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) understand the structure and function of these tools, their similarities and differences, their limitations, and strategies for appropriate incorporation into practice. This article offers a practical overview for APRNs, emphasizing clinical implications and guidance for aligning assessment tools with the clinical population of interest to improve care delivery, quality, and patient outcomes.

Humans

Nursing students' perspective of dignity: A systematic review.

AIM: This review synthesizes research on nursing students' perceptions of dignity shaped by education and clinical experiences. BACKGROUND: Respect for human dignity is central to nursing ethics. While dignity is well studied in patient care, less focus has been given to how nursing students perceive and experience dignity during their education. DESIGN: A systematic review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across the Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language studies published from 2000 to 2025. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and the Mixed Methods Appraisal. Tool. Data were synthesized thematically. Reporting followed PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 24 articles were included. Students viewed patient dignity as linked to respect, privacy, and autonomy. Although students had solid theoretical knowledge, they encountered institutional and professional barriers in delivering dignified care. Supportive environments and participation in decision-making enhanced their sense of dignity. Finally, educational strategies such as role-playing, simulations, and empathy exercises enhanced emotional and psychosocial awareness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that dignity is crucial in shaping nursing students' professional identity and ethical awareness throughout their education. Reinforcing ethical values and dignity in nursing education is essential for high-quality care.

Humans

Global prevalence and associated factors of turnover intention among intensive care nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the global prevalence of two distinct turnover intentions among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses-intention to leave the ICU and intention to leave the nursing profession-identify significant sources of heterogeneity, and synthesise associated psychosocial factors. METHODS: Ten databases were systematically searched from inception to September 28, 2025. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled prevalence and associated factors. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity. Associated factors were pooled as odds ratios (ORs) and interpreted within an integrated Job Demands-Resources and Theory of Planned Behavior framework. RESULTS: Forty-six studies published between 2007 and 2025, involving 39,246 ICU nurses, were included. The pooled prevalence was 30.7% for intention to leave the ICU and 27.5% for intention to leave the nursing profession. Significant sources of heterogeneity included ICU type, geographic region, publication year, study design, measurement tool, and sampling method. Depression, burnout, high workload, and unsafe patient-to-nurse ratios were associated with increased turnover intention, whereas positive work environments, perceived organisational support, and nursing competence were protective factors. No significant publication bias was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Turnover intention affects approximately one-third of ICU nurses globally and varies across clinical and geographical contexts. Excessive workload, inadequate organisational support, and unfavourable work environments appear to be important contributors to turnover intention among ICU nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Strategies to reduce turnover intention among ICU nurses should focus on reducing excessive workload, improving staffing conditions, strengthening organisational support, and fostering positive work environments. Promoting supportive and sustainable ICU work environments may help improve nurse retention and maintain the quality of critical care services.

Humans

Nurse-Led Home-Based Mobile Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This 12-week randomized controlled trial evaluated a nurse-led mHealth intervention for patients with chronic heart failure, conceptually informed by Riegel's middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. The program integrated wearable activity tracking with weekly nurse-led behavioral coaching, reflecting the core self-care processes of monitoring, maintenance, and management. Compared with usual care, the intervention significantly improved daily step count, 6-minute walk distance, metabolic equivalents, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Findings highlight the effectiveness of theory-informed, nurse-delivered mHealth strategies in enhancing physical activity and cardiopulmonary function, while underscoring the critical role of advanced practice nurses in home-based chronic disease management.

Aged

Advancing nursing education through social and emotional learning: A systematic review guided by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework.

BACKGROUND: With Generation Z entering the nursing workforce in growing numbers, strengthening social and emotional learning is critical for academic success, professional adaptation, and safe practice. However, the existing evidence remains fragmented because of varied interventions and inconsistent approaches. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review examined (1) the social and emotional learning essential for nursing students and nurses within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, (2) their impact on educational and clinical outcomes, and (3) implications for advancing nursing education and practice. METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five international (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane) and three Korean (RISS, KoreaMed, KMBASE) databases were searched up to June 2025. Eighteen studies involving 2,952 participants met the inclusion criteria, including quasi-experimental quantitative studies, descriptive quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-methods studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, relationship skills and self-management were the most frequently studied competencies, emphasizing teamwork, communication, and stress regulation. Self-awareness and social awareness were underexplored, despite their importance in empathy, resilience, and reflective practice. Responsible decision-making was the least studied competency, despite its importance in ethical reasoning. Social and emotional learning was consistently associated with enhanced adaptation, communication, leadership, relationships, and clinical performance. Effective strategies included blended learning, simulation, reflective activities, and mentorship, which are aligned with Generation Z's learning preferences. CONCLUSION: Although social and emotional learning integration is associated with improvements in educational and clinical outcomes in nursing, current research has largely centered on relational and stress-related competencies while underrepresenting responsible decision-making. To cultivate reflective, empathetic, and ethically grounded nurses, curricula should integrate social and emotional learning through a balanced and structured approach. REGISTRATION: This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251005683).

Humans

Nurse-led acute care post-operative interventions in adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review.

AIMS: The primary aim of this systematic review was to identify nurse-led clinical interventions evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for adults who had undergone cardiac surgery. The secondary aim was to assess the effectiveness of these interventions on post-operative clinical and patient-reported outcomes during the acute inpatient phase. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic review was undertaken according to an a priori protocol using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA guideline for reporting. Eligible studies were RCTs of adult (≥18 years) cardiac surgery, nurse-led inpatient interventions implemented immediately post-surgery and prior to discharge. Six databases were searched from inception to June 2025. Of 2690 records, 19 RCTs were eligible, representing 13 countries, and 3142 participants. Risk of bias varied, with only two low-risk trials. Interventions were grouped into seven domains: behavioural support; temperature management and comfort strategies; pain and symptom management; wound care; infection prevention; respiratory and pulmonary function; and post-operative recovery, mobilization, and hydration. Across these domains, nurse-led interventions were generally feasible, safe, and positively affected patient comfort, physiological stability, symptom relief, and aspects of functional recovery. CONCLUSION: Nurse-led inpatient interventions contribute meaningfully to inpatient post-operative recovery in cardiac surgery, although the broader cardiac surgical nursing scope is underrepresented in RCTs. This review provides a foundation for developing further high-quality research, peer-reviewed interdisciplinary practice guidelines, and strengthening the scope and recognition of cardiac surgical nursing as a distinct specialty. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO-CRD420251063851.

Humans