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PubMed1990

The occurrence of Branhamella catarrhalis and other commensal Neisseriaceae in clinical sputum specimens in Lagos, Nigeria.

Branhamella catarrhalis and other commensal Neisseria species were isolated from 200 out of 500 sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). B. catarrhalis was isolated from 60 (12%). The isolation rates for other Neisseria species were as follows: N. mucosa from 45 (9%), N. sicca from 40 (8%), N. lactamica from 35 (7%), N. cinerea from 12 (2.4%) and N. subflava from 8 (1.6%). B. catarrhalis occurred in pure cultures in 15 (25%) of the 60 samples positive for this organism. Twenty (33%) out of the 60 N. catarrhalis isolates were beta-lactamase positive.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

IgA protease production as a characteristic distinguishing pathogenic from harmless neisseriaceae.

IgA proteases are extracellular enzymes of bacteria that have human immunoglobulin A of the IgA1 subclass as their only known substrate. The identification of this enzyme in neisseria prompted us to determine whether IgA protease production correlates with pathogenicity within this genus. Multiple clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and eight species of non-pathogenic neisseria that commonly colonize the normal human nasopharynx were examined for IgA protease activity. All N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis strains were enzyme positive; all non-pathogenic strains were negative. Among meningococci, the enzyme occurred in strains carried harmlessly in the nasopharynx as well as those isolated from systemic infections. Because mucosal immune defense is largely mediated by antibodies of the IgA isotype, the finding that IgA protease activity is linked specifically to the pathogenic neisseria suggests that the enzyme may be involved in the pathogenesis of neisserial infection.

Gonorrhea↗
PubMed1977

Relationship of Neisseria elongata subsp. Glycolytica to other members of the family Neisseriaceae.

Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolytica strain 6171/75 is closely similar to the type strain of N. elongata, M2, as regards DNA base composition, fatty acid content and electrophoretic mobility of two glutamate dehydrogenases, one of which showed a reaction of identity with the corresponding enzyme from M2 in double immunodiffusion in agar. The strain showed genetic homologies with strain M2 in genetic transformation at a level suggesting species identity, and with N. meningitidis at a lower level. No affinity to Moraxella species or "false neisseriae" was demonstrated, with the exception of a production of a few transformants in the 6171/75 recipient by DNA from Kingella kingae. The strain showed the same pattern of associated variation of colony type, fimbriation and competence in transformation as that found in other Neisseria and Moraxella species. After continuous subcultivation for some time some clones of the strain appeared to have lost the ability to produce acid from glucose.

Clone Cells↗
PubMed1989

Differentiation of some species of Neisseriaceae and other bacterial groups by DNA-DNA hybridization.

DNA-DNA hybridization using total genomic DNA probes may represent a way of differentiating between miscellaneous bacterial species. This was studied with type and reference strains of 20 species in Moraxella, Kingella, and other selected Gram-negative groups. Both radioactive and biotin labelling were employed. Most of the species examined were easily distinguished, such as Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, M.(B.) ovis, M. atlantae, M. phenylpyruvica, M. osloensis, Neisseria elongata, N. meningitidis, Kingella kingae, K. indologenes, K. dentrificans, Oligella urethralis, Eikenella corrodens, Cardiobacterium hominis, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Gardnerella vaginalis, and DF-2. This reflected the extent of the genetic distances between them as a basis for identification by hybridization. There was some clustering in the Moraxella group. Especially the closely related Moraxella nonliquefaciens, M. lacunata and M. bovis showed strong hybridization affinities. This leads to potential problems in distinguishing these three species from each other by DNA-DNA hybridization with total genomic probes alone.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis in the Neisseriaceae.

Neisserial lipooligosaccharide (LOS) contains three oligosaccharide chains, termed the alpha, beta, and gamma chains. We used Southern hybridization experiments on DNA isolated from various Neisseria spp. to determine if strains considered to be nonpathogenic possessed DNA sequences homologous with genes involved in the biosynthesis of these oligosaccharide chains. The presence or absence of specific genes was compared to the LOS profiles expressed by each strain, as characterized by their mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel and their reactivities with various LOS-specific monoclonal antibodies. A great deal of heterogeneity was seen with respect to the presence of genes encoding glycosyltransferases in Neisseria. All pathogenic species were found to possess DNA sequences homologous with the lgt gene cluster, a group of genes needed for the synthesis of the alpha chain. Some of these genes were also found to be present in strains considered to be nonpathogenic, such as Neisseria lactamica, N. subflava, and N. sicca. Some nonpathogenic Neisseria spp. were able to express high-molecular-mass LOS structures, even though they lacked the DNA sequences homologous with rfaF, a gene whose product must act before gonococcal and meningococcal LOS can be elongated. Using a PCR amplification strategy, in combination with DNA sequencing, we demonstrated that N. subflava 44 possessed lgtA, lgtB, and lgtE genes. The predicted amino acid sequence encoded by each of these genes suggested that they encoded functional proteins; however, structural analysis of LOS isolated from this strain indicated that the bulk of its LOS was not modified by these gene products. This suggests the existence of an additional regulatory mechanism that is responsible for the limited expression of these genes in this strain.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Comparative analysis of the transferrin and lactoferrin binding proteins in the family Neisseriaceae.

Intact cells of several bacterial species were tested for their ability to bind human transferrin and lactoferrin by a solid-phase binding assay using horseradish peroxidase conjugated transferrin and lactoferrin. The ability to bind lactoferrin was detected in all isolates of Neisseria and Branhamella catarrhalis but not in isolates of Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Transferrin-binding activity was similarly detected in most isolates of Neisseria and Branhamella but not in E. coli or P. aeruginosa. The expression of transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding activity was induced by addition of ethylenediamine di-o-phenylacetic acid and reversed by excess FeCl3, indicating regulation by the level of available iron in the medium. The transferrin receptor was specific for human transferrin and the lactoferrin receptor had a high degree of specificity for human lactoferrin in all species tested. The transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins were identified after affinity isolation using biotinylated human transferrin or lactoferrin and streptavidin-agarose. The lactoferrin-binding protein was identified as a 105-kilodalton protein in all species tested. Affinity isolation with biotinylated transferrin yielded two or more proteins in all species tested. A high molecular mass protein was observed in all isolates, and was of similar size (approximately 98 kilodaltons) in all species of Neisseria but was larger (105 kilodaltons) in B. catarrhalis.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of type I restriction modification systems in the Neisseriaceae: genetic organization and properties of the gene products.

The hsd locus (host specificity of DNA) was identified in the Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome. The DNA fragment encoding this locus produced an active restriction and modification (R/M) system when cloned into Escherichia coli. This R/M system was designated NgoAV. The cloned genomic fragment (7800 bp) has the potential to encode seven open reading frames (ORFs). Several of these ORFs had significant homology with other proteins found in the databases: ORF1, the hsdM, a methylase subunit (HsdM); ORF2, a homologue of dinD; ORF3, a homologue of hsdS; ORF4, a homologue of hsdS; and ORF5, an endonuclease subunit hsdR. The endonuclease and methylase subunits possessed strongest protein sequence homology to the EcoR124II R/M system, indicating that NgoAV belongs to the type IC R/M family. Deletion analysis showed that only ORF3 imparted the sequence specificity of the RM.NgoAV system, which recognizes an interrupted palindrome sequence (GCAN(8-)TGC). The genetic structure of ORF3 (208 amino acids) is almost identical to the structure of the 5' truncated hsdS genes of EcoDXXI or EcoR124II R/M systems obtained by in vitro manipulation. Genomic sequence analysis allowed us to identify hsd loci with a very high homology to RM.NgoAV in two strains of Neisseria meningitidis. However, significant differences in the organization and structure of the hsdS genes in both these systems suggests that, if functional, they would possess recognition sites that differ from the gonococcus and from themselves.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Cellular monosaccharide patterns of Neisseriaceae.

Sixty-four strains of Neisseria, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter were screened for cellular monosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography and other chromatographic techniques. The four sugars ribose, glucose, glucosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) were detected in all strains. Heptose was detected only in "true neisseriae" (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, N. sicca, N. cinerea, N. flavescens, and N. elongata) and in the tentaively named species Moraxella urethralis. Some marked interspecies dissimilarities within groups were revealed. Thus, N. ovis and M. atlantae were characterized by the presence of mannose. Intraspecies differences were also encountered. N. meningitidis strains of serogroups B and C were distinguished from strains of serogroup A by their sialic acid content. This sugar was also detected in two out of three examined strains of M. nonliquefaciens. In Acinetobacter, heterogeneity of monosaccharide patterns was rather pronounced. The results show the applicability of gas chromatographic "monosaccharide" profiles fo whole cells or extracted carbohydrate in bacterial classification and identification, including differentiation at the subspecies level. In addition, such profiles may be useful for monitoring during purification of cellular polysaccharides.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2005

Uruburuella suis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from clinical specimens of pigs.

Five strains of an unusual Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, coccobacillus-shaped bacterium isolated from the lungs and heart of pigs with pneumonia and pericarditis were characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. On the basis of cellular morphology and biochemical criteria, the isolates were tentatively assigned to the family Neisseriaceae, although they did not appear to correspond to any recognized genus or species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the five unidentified strains were phylogenetically highly related to each other and represent a hitherto unknown subline within the family Neisseriaceae. On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown isolates from pigs be classified as a novel genus and species within the family Neisseriaceae, for which the name Uruburuella suis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of U. suis is 1258/02(T) (=CCUG 47806(T)=CECT 5685(T)).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Immunologic characteristics of protein antigens of the Neiseriaceae family. III. Study of delayed hypersensitivity cross reactions between different species of Neisseria].

The immunological interrelations between the protein complexes of 34 strains of 12 species belonging to the family Neisseriaceae were studied with the use of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in specifically sensitized guinea pigs. No statistically significant differences between the nonpathogenic species of the family Neisseriaceae and the strains of N. haemolysans, n. cuniculi, N. lactamicus, N. ovis, N. elongata, N. cinerea were revealed. The preparations of Branhamella catarrhalis and N. caviae gave weak cross reactions with each other, as well as with other Neisseria. The probability and intensity of delayed hypersensitivity cross reactions depended on the degree of the immunological affinity of the preparations. The immunological similarity of protein complexes in most of the representatives of the family Neisseriaceae presents great possibilities for the development of sensitization to this group of microorganisms.

Animals↗