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PubMed1989

Neoplasms of the central nervous system in Norway. V. Meningioma and cancer of other sites. An analysis of the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms in meningioma patients in Norway from 1955 through 1986.

The association between meningioma and a primary malignant neoplasm at another site was studied. The data from the population-based Norwegian Cancer Registry were analysed according to whether the meningioma occurred before or after the malignant neoplasm. Male patients with meningioma showed a raised risk for developing a subsequent renal cancer. A significant association was found between meningioma and subsequent breast cancer in females 50-64 years old at time of meningioma diagnosis and between breast cancer and subsequent occurrence of meningioma. Breast cancer patients with symptoms of an intracranial neoplasm may therefore have a potentially curable meningioma and female meningioma patients over 50 years should be considered for breast cancer screening programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Graft-versus-host disease after brown Norway-to-Lewis and Lewis-to-Brown Norway rat intestinal transplantation under FK506.

In LEW rats treated daily with variable doses of FK506 for 14 days and weekly thereafter, successful intestinal transplantation from fully allogeneic BN donors never was complicated by fatal GVHD. In contrast, with LEW-to-BN transplantation, rejection was difficult to control and GVHD developed after the end of the daily treatment. However, FK506 in high daily doses continued after the initial 14-day course could prevent this GVHD or even reverse it after allowing its onset. Further experiments did not clarify why the BN rat was an "easy" donor and "difficult" recipient. In unaltered animals the lymphocyte population of normal LEW rats had a higher proportion of T cells, fewer B cells, and a lower CD4:CD8 ratio than normal BN rats. However, one-way MLR reactions of the BN and LEW combinations were generally similar in either direction and not affected differently by the addition of FK506 to the medium. The two-way lymphocyte traffic from graft to host lymphoid organs and vice versa also was similar with BN-to-LEW and LEW-to-BN models. The BN rat may be a useful tool to investigate inadequately explained mechanisms of GVHD.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Excretion of electrolytes in Brown Norway and Fischer 344 rats: effects of adrenalectomy and of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor ligands.

Our previous studies showed that adrenalectomy (ADX) has surprisingly no effect on body weight and fluid intake in the Brown Norway rat strain, suggesting that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated effects are present even in absence of corticosteroids in this strain. Moreover, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated mechanisms are more effective in Brown Norway than in Fischer 344 rats. Such functional differences in corticosteroid receptor pathways between Brown Norway and Fischer 344 rats led us to compare the effect of ADX and MR/GR-mediated actions on sodium and potassium excretion between these two rat strains. To this end, we first measured the effect of an acute high dose of aldosterone on the urinary Na+/K+ concentration ratio in intact and ADX Brown Norway and Fischer 344 rats. Second, to discriminate mineralocorticoid from glucocorticoid actions, we treated chronically ADX rats with increasing doses of aldosterone or RU28362, a pure GR agonist, in the drinking fluid. As sodium homeostasis involves salt appetite regulation, behaviour under mineralocorticoid control, we also measured saline preference in Brown Norway and Fischer 344 rats. Our data illustrate: (1) the very limited effect of ADX on body weight, food and fluid intake, diuresis, natriuresis, kaliuresis and salt appetite in Brown Norway rats, supporting the presence of MR signalling pathways in the absence of adrenal steroids in these rats; (2) the insensitivity of MR to aldosterone in intact Brown Norway rats, and the reduced sensitivity of MR to aldosterone in ADX Brown Norway rats compared with ADX Fischer 344 rats; and (3) the greater sensitivity of GR-related mechanisms to RU28362 in Brown Norway than in Fischer 344 rats in terms of body weight gain and electrolyte excretion. Considering that both MRs and GRs regulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis processes, such functional differences in corticosteroid receptors could be at the origin, at least partly, of the strain differences in corticotropic activity/reactivity to stress previously described.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1990

Converting enzyme inhibition in kinin-deficient brown Norway rats.

The contribution of endogenous kinins to the acute antihypertensive actions of the converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril was investigated in kinin-deficient Brown Norway rats and in Brown Norway-Hannover rats and Wistar rats as controls. In Brown Norway rats, urinary kinin excretion was measurable but extremely low when compared with control strains. The depressor responses to intra-arterial bradykinin injections 1) were not different between Brown Norway and Brown Norway-Hannover rats, 2) were potentiated by intravenous ramipril (60 micrograms), and 3) were attenuated by intra-arterial infusion of the bradykinin antagonist B4146 (40 micrograms/kg/min) to a similar extent in both strains. In renal hypertensive (two-kidney, one clip) Brown Norway rats, the blood pressure reductions to intravenous bolus injections of ramipril (100 micrograms) were significantly reduced both in extent and duration when compared with hypertensive Brown Norway-Hannover and Wistar rats. Intra-arterial infusion of B4146 (40 micrograms/kg/min) attenuated the depressor response to ramipril in Wistar and Brown Norway-Hannover rats but had no effect in Brown Norway rats. In contrast, all three groups showed similar depressor responses to intravenous infusions of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin. These responses were not influenced by the bradykinin antagonist. Our data support the hypothesis that kinins are important for the acute antihypertensive actions of converting enzyme inhibitors.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2005

Long-term risk of tuberculosis among immigrants in Norway.

BACKGROUND: Two-thirds of the tuberculosis (TB) cases in Norway were discovered among immigrants. Some cases were discovered at arrival, but many develop the disease several years post-migration. Knowledge about how long after migration to Norway TB were discovered will enable us to better target preventive measures including preventive therapy. This study examines the long-term risk of TB among immigrants in Norway. METHODS: All non-Nordic immigrants who arrived in Norway between 1986 and 2002, as registered by the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration, were followed-up. Their TB status was determined from the National Tuberculosis Registry. Observation period for TB cases was calculated from the date of arrival in Norway to TB registration. For persons without TB, it was calculated from the date of arrival in Norway to the date of emigration from Norway, date of death, or until end of follow-up (December 31, 2002). RESULTS: For immigrants from Africa and Asia, the TB rates were 190 and 80 per 100,000 person-years (PY), respectively, at 7 years post-migration. For immigrants from Somalia, Pakistan, Vietnam, and the former Yugoslavia, the rates were 520, 160, 210, and 40 per 100 000 PY respectively, at 7 years post-migration. These rates were 7 to 90 times higher than the crude TB incidence for Norway. This increased risk applies to both genders, pulmonary and extra-pulmonary sites. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the need for health personnel to be aware that immigrants remain at high risk of TB many years post-migration. Screening for TB on arrival should be strengthened, and preventive therapy for those with recent TB infection should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[HIV infection from Africa to Norway].

BACKGROUND: More than two thirds of the world's HIV infected persons live in Africa. Africans seek asylum in Norway and some Norwegians work for longer periods in Africa. We used the Norwegian surveillance system for communicable diseases (1983-99) to assess the connections between the Norwegian and African epidemics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We estimated the incidence of HIV infection in persons from Norway who acquired HIV from Africans, and measured the annual number of Africans diagnosed in Norway. RESULTS: Out of the 2,016 cases of HIV infection ever diagnosed in Norway (population 4.4 million), 489 (24%) had connections to Africa. 80 persons from Norway have been infected in Africa, usually during work for aid agencies. 39 persons have been infected by Africans in Norway. For both groups the annual number of new cases was 0-2 in 1997-99. Cumulatively, 370 Africans have been diagnosed with HIV infection acquired before immigration. Median time from immigration to diagnosis is three months. INTERPRETATION: Currently, few Norwegians are infected by Africans in Norway or Africa. African immigrants constitute an increasing proportion of the HIV positive population in Norway. This is a challenge to the health services and to society at large.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Infant mortality in Norway and Sweden 1975-88: a cause-specific analysis of an increasing difference.

In a previous article, a high infant mortality was reported in the 1980s in Norway compared with Sweden. The aim of the present study was to assess secular trends in this difference, and to clarify whether the difference was confined to particular causes of death. Mortality rates, ratios of mortality rates and numbers of excess deaths were calculated on the basis of birth records comprising all livebirths in Norway and Sweden during the two periods 1975-79 and 1985-88. From the first to the second period, the infant mortality ratio for Norway to Sweden increased from 1.22 to 1.45 for single births, and from 1.23 to 1.54 for twin births. Increasing mortality ratios were observed for all ages at death. These were lowest in the early neonatal period (1.09 and 1.20 respectively) and highest in the postneonatal period (1.53 and 1.78 respectively). Within each cause of death category, the mortality rate in Norway was equal to or higher than the rate in Sweden. The highest mortality rate ratios were observed for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 2.44 and 2.46 respectively, for the two time periods. SIDS was also the single cause of death that gave the largest contribution to the Norwegian excess mortality (45% and 53% overall, 65% and 78% for postneonatal deaths, and 65% and 79% for birthweights above 2500 g). In the second period, the excess SIDS mortality in Norway pertained mainly to infants of young mothers, infants of birth order two or more and twin births. An adverse trend for infants of young mothers in Norway was also observed in non-SIDS deaths. This suggests that in Norway, preventive health care should be improved, particularly for young mothers and their infants.

Birth Order↗