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PubMed1998

An epidemiological survey on neuroses of urban elderly in Beijing.

With Present State Examination (PSE)-12, PSE-54 and General Health Questionnaire-28, an epidemiological survey on neuroses in a sample aged 60 and over living in an urban area of Beijing showed that the prevalence of total neuroses was 20.56/1000 (35.27 in women and 3.98 in men), with the highest rate seen in those aged 60-64 years and a general decline in prevalence with increasing age. By subtype, it was 11.21/1000 for neurasthenia, 4.67/1000 for depressive neurosis and 2.80/1000 for anxiety neurosis. The onset age in the most patients was before the age of 60, with a course of 10 years or more. The implications of these findings and directions for the future study of neuroses in the elderly are also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Organic neuroses as psychosomatic problem].

To study a role of psychogenic and somatogenic factors in the development of organic neuroses, 302 patients were examined: 199 with cardioneurosis and 103 with irritable-bowel syndrome (IBS) with mental and subclinical somatic pathology or without it. Two types of organic neuroses were distinguished: a conversive one--somatized hysteria (psychogenically determined subsyndromal hysterohypochondriac phobic or affective reactions with clear difference of algesic and autonomic disorders from symptoms of the somatic pathology, with polymorphism of the involved organic systems); and autonomic neurosis that is a central link in the structure of psychosomatic correlations, which, on the one hand, was overdone by clinical manifestations of the somatic pathology (mitral prolapse--35%, ventricular extrasystoles--12%, etc. in cardioneurosis, lymphoid hyperplasia of colonic mucosa--100%, dysbiopsis--10%, etc. in IBS); on the other hand, autonomic neurosis is a somatopsychic component of psychopathologic disorders of anxious-phobic, affective and hypochondriac sphere (panic disorder--59%, generalized anxiety--15%, anxious depression--18% in cardioneurosis, melancholic or hypochondriac cyclothymic depressions--76%, hypochondriac development--24% in IBS). Psychosomatic correlations were considered in autonomic neurosis in the context of some continuum, where somatic disorders amplified by functional disorders are on the one pole and true mental pathology including somatoautonomic disorders--on the other pole. Recommendations have been formulated on therapy of organic neuroses with anxiolytics, antidepressants and atypical neuroleptics in combination with somatotropic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical and neurochemical features of depressive syndrome in neuroses and slowly progressive schizophrenia].

The examination was made of 78 patients (57 women, 21 men) with depression of neurotic level in slow progredient neurosis-like schizophrenia or neurosis. In all the cases of neuroses depressive syndrome correlated with relevant premorbid structure of the person. Meanwhile, such correlation was not clearly observed in schizophrenic patients. Complication of the clinical picture of the depression wasn't the same in cases of schizophrenia and neuroses, and resulted from productive symptomatics of different registers. The results of neurochemical studies evidence, that physiologic inactivation of serotonin, in terms of a removal of the active molecules from a zone of interaction with the receptors, was considerably increased in patients with neuroses as compared with schizophrenic patients. This suggests treatment of neurotic patients with the drugs, which inhibit serotonin reuptake selectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Differential diagnosis of neuroses and neurosis-like conditions in residual-organic diseases of the brain].

The study is based on a clinical and X-ray examination of 481 patients where in 270 cases different forms of neuroses were found and in 211--neurotic-like conditions of an organic character (arachno-encephalitis, cerebral arachnoiditis, diencephalitis). Craniograms depicted changes only in 18% of the patients with neuroses while in organic brain lesions in 52% of the cases. In the group of patients with neuroses there were no convincing changes in the pneumoencephalograms. A total of 172 patients with neurotic-like conditions demonstrated polymorphic pial and brain changes. Cerebral angiography in 65% of the examined patients depicted pathological changes of circulation.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1992

[Problems in the pathomorphosis of neuroses].

Overall 2,991 case reports of patients who stayed at the department for neuroses and psychotherapy during 1948-1988 underwent a clinico-socio-psychological analysis. Certain aspects of interisomorphism, intranosomorphism and intersyndromic pathomorphism of neuroses for the 40-year period are indicated. It is assumed that the main causes of pathomorphism as applicable to the patterns of neuroses are social and psychological mechanisms whereas the dominant syndrome is the combination of individual psychological factors with social and psychological ones as well as organic insufficiency.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

[Neuroses among the rural population (data of the epidemiological study) and the organization of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures].

Studies into the neurosis incidence among the rural community of two agricultural regions of the Ukraine (Western and Eastern) were made with the aid of mass epidemiological screening of the community. A study was also made of factors promoting the occurrence of neuroses as well as of those favouring the recovery from neuroses. In accordance with the data obtained, the number of neurotic patients registered at the dispensary turned out 4 times less on the average as compared to that identified among the community. Analysis of the medical services rendered to the rural community suffering from neuroses has demonstrated that these services require material improvement. It is emphasized that the improvement of the medical aid rendered to the neurotic patients living in the country should be exercised at the expense of the already available services (rural ambulatory centers, doctor's assistant and midwifery stations) of the general somatic network rather that at the expense of the enlargement of the psychiatry services network.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Test with 0.1g L-DOPA in clinical neuroses and neurosis-like states].

Effect of a test with administration of 0.1 g L-DOPA, reflecting the synthetic processes in sympathoadrenal system and its reactivity, on dynamics of catecholamine and DOPA excretion with urine was studied in patients with neuroses and neurosis-like states, namely, in women with climacteric syndrome, in men with sexual deteriorations, in patients with general neuroses and in patients with initial manifestations of brain circulation insufficiency. Evaluation of various specific types of sympathoadrenal system responses to the L-DOPA administration as compared with healthy persons as well as evaluation of the response types characteristic for individual syndromes, improved the diagnostics of neuroses. The test with 0.1 g DOPA permitted also to estimate the efficiency of treatment as well as to design the most specialized treatment of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Residual states in the clinical picture of neuroses].

A study of the clinical picture of residual disturbances in 90 patients with various forms of neuroses showed that residual neurotic states are a regular stage of the timecourse of protracted neuroses with a favourable course. At this stage the differences between individual forms of neuroses become less conspicuous. Mild, fragmented clinical manifestations are presented in the form of two types: a monosymptomatic and a more complicated polysymptomatic one. The latter type of residual states is more dynamic which is reflected in both a tendency to their reduction and transformation into a monosymptomatic state and a possibility of a neurotic relapse.

Asthenia↗
PubMed1976

Beard's concept of neurasthenia and Freud's concept of the actual neuroses.

Beard's concept of neurasthenia and Freud's concept of the actual neuroses are described and evaluated critically. Despite differences in the content of their theories, especially in the role of sexual factors and sexual mechanisms, there are important formal and logical similarities. Both Beard and Freud incorrectly identified the causes of the neuroses being studied; both used inadequate methods of assessing the strengths of the causal factors; and the central theoretical concepts of both were equally vacuous. Freud adopted the same method of study as did Beard, but does not seem to have been influenced directly by him.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pavlov, psychoanalysis, and neuroses.

Pavlov's discovery of experiment neurosis was serendipitous, yet it was made under the influence of Breuer and Freud's case of Anna O. In 1914, Pavlov's disciple N. R. Shenger-Krestovnikova, exploring the limits of visual discrimination in dogs, noticed that when the discrimination was difficult, the dogs' behavior became disorganized. Pavlov drew an analogy between the condition of Shenger-Krestovnikova's dogs and their disorganized behavior with Anna O.'s situation and her neurotic reaction. Pavlov concluded that he had demonstrated in the laboratory the elements of neurosis in animals and human alike. Schilder's criticism of his position, his later study of human neuroses in clinical settings, and the views of Janet may have induced Pavlov to differentiate between animal and human neuroses.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Role of Thy 1,2+ cells in the regulation of hemopoiesis during experimental neuroses.

We studied the direct and stromal cell-mediated effects of bone marrow Thy 1,2+ cells on the growth of granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colonies from the bone marrow of CBA/CaLac mice with experimental neuroses (conflict situation and paradoxical sleep deprivation). Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic precursors during neuroses are controlled by regulatory T cells. In conflict situation Thy 1,2+ cells stimulate the growth of hemopoietic precursors, which is associated with their direct effect and interaction with adherent cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment. The interaction of Thy 1,2+ cells with adherent bone marrow cells during paradoxical sleep deprivation stimulates the formation of only granulocyte-macrophage colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Parmacological regulation of erythropoietic precursor pool in experimental neuroses.

We studied the effect of bone marrow Thy 1,2+ cells on the growth of erythroid colonies and the role of monoamine in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells in experimental neuroses. Under conditions of conflict situation Thy 1,2+ cells stimulated the growth of erythropoietic precursors (directly and via interaction with adherent cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing environment). Under conditions of paradoxical sleep deprivation the absence of interaction between Thy 1,2+ cells and adherent bone marrow fraction disturbs erythroid colony formation. In experimental neuroses the state of erythropoietic precursors and secretory activity of elements of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment are controlled by monoamines. The regulatory effect of monoamines is realized via adrenergic and erythropoietin-sensitive receptors on erythroid precursors and cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence rates for the neuroses: pitfalls in the evaluation of familiality.

A survey was made of studies reporting population prevalence rates for the different types of neurotic disorders in order to determine the utility of these rates for familial and genetic research. Rates varied considerably among studies both for all neuroses and for particular types of neuroses, even among studies using similar methods examining similar populations. The method of case ascertainment (personal interview versus record searches) and the threshold for defining an individual as affected are important contributors to variation. The use of the published prevalence rates for quantifying familial and genetic effects on the neurotic disorders would be premature.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

A tentative classification of "neuroses" based on behavioristic consideration of the pathogenetic mechanisms.

Pathogenetic mechanisms of "neuroses" were reconsidered based on a behavioristic framework which includes not only the traditional stimulus-response learning theory but also the concept of conflict proposed by Lewin. Most of the subtypes of "neuroses"--with the exception of panic disorder--were divided into two categories: conditioned fear-related disorders and conflict-related disorders. Phobias have been suggested to be caused by an escape or avoidance behavior motivated by an unconditioned or conditioned fear and obsessive compulsive disorder by an avoidance behavior motivated by a conditioned fear, while such disorders as posttraumatic disorder or hypochondriasis (nosophobia) were considered to be direct manifestations of conditioned fear. Generalized anxiety and depersonalization disorders were suggested to be caused by conflicts, but these conflicts seemed to persist even after the appearance of the symptoms. In contrast, appearances of conversion, somatization, somatoform pain, psychogenic fugue, or psychogenic amnesia were suggested to result in a temporary attenuation of the causative conflicts.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1975

School phobia and other childhood neuroses: a systematic study of the children and their families.

The authors developed reliable clinical rating scales to compare 35 children with school phobia and their families with a matched sample of children with other neuroses and their families. Twice as many school phobic children as children with other neuroses showed excessive separation anxiety, dependency, and depression. Although a mutually hostile-dependent interaction was found in most of the families of children with school phobia, the development of school phobia appeared to be dependent on defects in character development in the children as well. The authors discuss the etiological significance of the almost universal parental pathology and family malfunction for both groups of children.

Aggression↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric admissions for alcoholism, neuroses and schizophrenia in rural and urban Ireland.

A comparison of psychiatric admissions (1978-1980), from two Irish representative rural and urban communities, indicated no significant intercommunity difference in incidence rates for alcoholism and schizophrenia but significantly higher urban first admissions for neuroses. Total admissions data indicated significantly higher urban readmission rates for alcoholism and neuroses. In contrast to earlier research, readmission rates for schizophrenia were equivalent in the rural and urban community. Several methodological issues were examined to clarify this divergent finding. A demographic comparison indicated rural schizophrenics were admitted at a later age and were more frequently readmitted. The implications of these findings and directions for future research on hospital utilization were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical features of neurocirculatory asthenia within the neurological structure of neuroses].

As many as 177 patients were subjected to a clinical analysis of the course of vegetovascular dystonia within the scope of the nosologic structure of neuroses with different semiologic manifestations. Use was made of the polymodal clinical classification of vegetovascular dystonia with regard to the vegetative background, from, course, character and rate of crises. It has been established that vegetative function in neuroses is determined by different conditions of the vegetative tone, reactivity and vegetative supply of the activity which requires a differentiated approach to the treatment with an adequate selection of the sympathetic and parasympathetic remedies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Dynamics and outcome of neuroses].

Based on the data obtained during examination of 320 neurotic patients the grouping of the varieties of the time-course of changes in neurotic disorders has been suggested. Variants of the lingering neuroses have been distinguished with regard to the presence or lack of the tendency towards progression and exacerbation of the symptomatology. Single attacks of neurotic disorders, repeated and recurrent neuroses were delineated within the framework of attack-like dynamics. Outcomes of neurotic disorders have been systematized.

Chronic Disease↗