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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Determinants of baroreflex sensitivity in man.

To determine the relationship of BRS to age, ACI, TPRI, and MBP, 61 male subjects, 19 to 65 years of age, whose MBP ranged from 77 to 134 mm Hg, were investigated. Partial correlative analysis was used to hold individual variables constant so that the effect of each on a given BRS relationship could be observed. An independent and significant relationship was observed between BRS and age; BRS and ACI correlated significantly through the influence of age, TPRI, and MBP; BRS and TPRI did not correlate; a significant BRS-MBP relationship existed through the influence of ACI. It was concluded that TPRI was not directly related to BRS and that the relationship of MBP to BRS was dependent on the influence of ACI whereas age was independently related to BRS.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Myelin basic protein-reactive T cells in the circulation and in meningeal infiltrates.

MBP-reactive early T cells were determined simultaneously in the circulation and in inflammatory cells from the meninges of guinea pigs with acute EAE. In addition, early and late T cells as well as B cells were estimated in both compartments. Within the circulation, early T cells were found to decrease at the onset of clinical signs, and MBP-reactive early T cells were significantly higher than in normals. Different changes were found in inflammatory cells from the meninges. In this cell population, early T cells were increased but did not show significant, further elevation after incubation with MBP. This may indicate that the majority of early T cells in meningeal infiltrates had been previously activated by MBP in vivo.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical studies on phthalic esters. III. Metabolism of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in animals.

The excretion, distribution and metabolism of DBP were studied in rats. More than 90% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 48 h following intravenous or oral administration, but the faecal excretion was low. Biliary excretion was remarkably higher than that in the faeces when DBP was given orally. No significant retention was observed in organs and tissues at 24 h after dosing. In vitro experiments showed that DBP was hydrolysed very rapidly to MBP by the esterase of rat liver microsome. DBP was found to be a strong inhibitor for the succinate dehydrogenase of rat liver. DBP and its metabolites, MBP and phthalic acid, did not produce any striking effect upon hepatic and serum enzyme activities in vitro. Urinary metabolites of orally ingested DBP were investigated in 3 species, namely, rats, hamsters and guinea pigs. MBP was a common major metabolite in all 3 species. A further increment was apparently excreted as the glucuronide in the rat, hamster and guinea pig together with a small amount of phthalic acid and unchanged DBP. Omega- or omega-1 oxidation products of MBP were also detected in the urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Myelin basic protein depolarizes neuronal membranes.

Bath application of 10(-5) M myelin basic protein (MBP) to various types of cultured nerve cells resulted in a membrane depolarization amounting to a change of 41 +/- 15 mV. Excitability could be restored by repolarizing the membrane by means of current injection through the recording electrode. The action of MBP persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), Co2+ or D-600 as well as in low Na+ and low Cl- solutions, whereas it was abolished by increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. The action MBP was mimicked by ouabain. We propose that the effect of the protein might be generated by blockade of an ion pump. It is speculated that MBP may exert a direct effect on neuronal membranes in demyelinating diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Adaptation of the ammoniacal silver reaction to cytochemical demonstration of myelin basic protein.

A modification of Black and Ansley's ammoniacal silver reaction (ASR) for histones is proposed for visualizing myelin basic protien (MBP) in the nervous system. The reaction is performed on histological sections of tissues fixed in neutralized formalin-alcohol and delipidized in the course of the routine paraffin embedding. The deparaffinized sections are again treated with formalin in order to make the "unmasked" by the delipidization basic groups of MBP reactive to ammoniacal silver. After treatment with this reagent MBP of the myelin sheaths of the nerve fibres is impregnated brownish-black. Deparaffinized sections subjected to an extraction of MBP with hydrochloric acid exhibit a negative reaction at the level of the myelin sheaths the same reaction being preserved at the level of the nuclear histones. The reaction is positive in paper spots of nervous tissue extracts obtained with the same acid. These assays indicate the specificity of the modified ASR. The method can be used for studies on the processes of myelination and demylination in normal histogenesis and in pathology of the nervous tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunochemical studies of myelin basic protein in shiverer mouse devoid of major dense line of myelin.

The myelin-deficient mutant Shiverer (Shi/Shi) lacks basic protein (MBP) in the myelin of its central nervous system (CNS). Less than 3% of the normal content in MBP is present in a brain extract of Shi/Shi as determined by radioimmunoassay. Indirect immunofluorescence is negative when using specific anti-MBP serum. The importance of Shi/Shi (as compared to other hypomelinating mutants) stems from the specificity of this genetic lesion, i.e. the lack of basic protein.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the ornamental plant Alcea rosea.

Alcea rosea, a member of the Malvaceae family, is celebrated for its rich floral palette and global horticultural significance. Here, we present a high-quality reference genome for A. rosea, achieving a genome assembly size of 1.01 Gbp, with a Contig N50 length of 36.61 Mbp. The genome sequence was successfully mapped to 21 chromosomes, and the scaffold N50 length reached 52.57 Mbp, with a scaffold genome completeness of 99.6%. A total of 565.84 Mbp (comprising 56% of the genome) of repetitive sequences were identified, with transposable elements being predominant, particularly long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, which accounted for 48.44% of the genome. 51,436 genes were annotated. Among these predicted genes, the average gene length and coding sequence (CDS) length were 2739.92 bp and 1242.54 bp, respectively.

Genome, Plant↗
PubMed1977

Physiological consequences of experimental cerebral missile injury and use of data analysis to predict survival.

The authors describe cerebrovascular and cerebral metabolic changes in monkeys, subjected to cerebral missile injury. After injury with BB pellet at 90 m/sec, there is a rapid rise in intracranial pressure (ICP), which reaches a peak 2 to 5 minutes posttrauma, and then falls to about 20 to 30 mm Hg. This, with a fall in mean blood pressure (MBP), results in a 50% reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is also reduced, although acutely there is no close relationship with (CPP). Cerebrovascular resistance falls initially and then at 30 minutes rises to very high values. Cerebral metabolic rates (CMR's) for oxygen fall after injury and remain low for the rest of the animal's life; CMR's for lactate rise immediately after injury and persists for 5 hours, then fall. After injury with a faster missile (180 m/sec), the ICP rises higher and faster, and the peak is shorter. The CCP is reduced in this injury to approximately 30 mm Hg, and only one animal survived more than 1 hour. With the conventional forms of data analysis, the length of survival after injury correlates well with MBP, ICP, and CBF, but separately they were completely unsatisfactory for prediction of an individuals prognosis. With the technique of multiple linear regression analysis, the survival of individual animals could be predicted with great accuracy. This is possible also when two postinjury parameters,CBF and MBP, are used.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Designing an optimized strategy for extracellular expression of recombinant human TNF-α in Escherichia coli.

Extracellular protein expression in Escherichia coli is an elegant solution that addresses the complex issue of protein misfolding while simultaneously simplifying downstream processing steps. Human TNF-α was chosen as the target protein for export since it is a therapeutically important cytokine. Different genomic knockouts were tested for the ability to sustain and enhance protein expression, and BW25113 Δ(elaA + cysW) knockout was found to give a sustained and high level of expression. To improve secretion, various tags were tested, and the MBP tag at the N-terminal end was found to give maximum enhancement in the export of hTNF-α. Even the linker peptide was found to play a critical role in export, with the Ek linker giving the highest extracellular secretion, while the intein sequence completely blocked export. The co-expression of pSecAB, which is involved in protein transport to the periplasm, was also found to be helpful in enhancing extracellular protein titers. Interestingly, pelB performed poorly as compared to the native signal sequence of MBP, which gave better results. Culture conditions were optimized, and it was observed that growing cells in TB medium at a temperature of 25 °C, coupled with a pulse of concentrated nutrients at 24 h, led to a very high extracellular accumulation of ∼1.3 g/L of MBP-hTNF-α in shake flask culture. The protein was purified and tested using L929 cells for bioactivity. Thus, a combination of genomic and bioprocess strategies allowed us to obtain high levels of soluble and active extracellular expression of hTNF-α, making this a very attractive strategy for protein production.

E. coli↗
PubMed1978

[Radiolytic decontamination of Di-n-butyl phthalate from water (author's transl)].

Recently, a considerable amount of phthalic acid esters (PAE), the most widely utilized plasticizer, has been released into and polluted the environment. Since their toxicity and teratogenicity, although fairly low, to experimental animals have recently been shown, the removal of them from the environment, especially from the drinking water, is desirable. As an attempt for the removal, the radiolytic degradation of 7-14C-di-n-butyl phthalate (14C-DBP) in water was investigated at several pHs. Approximately 50% of 14C-DBP (1 ppm aqueous solution) was decomposed by 60Co gamma-irradiation to a dose of 3 X 10(4) rad at pH 7 and the main product was mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP). At pHs 3 and 11 14C-DBP was more easily radiolyzed and converted to ether-soluble compounds other than MBP or phthalic acid (PA). By irradiation to 10(6) rad 14C-DBP as well as 14C-MBP and 14C-PA, at pH value tested, was almost completely decomposed to volatile or water-soluble substances of possibly low molecular weight. These findings suggest that the gamma-irradiation is effective to make the PAE-polluted water clean.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2026

Ank3 loss in adult forebrain excitatory neurons disrupts behavior, neuronal activity, membrane proteome, and myelination.

ANK3, encoding the scaffolding protein ankyrin-G, is a major risk gene for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but its cellular and circuit-level mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Ank3 in forebrain excitatory neurons-either prenatally (Ank3-/-:Emx1-Cre) or in adolescence (Ank3-/-:CaMKIIα-Cre) leads to convergent behavioral phenotypes in adulthood, including hyperactivity, reduced anxiety-like behavior, and decreased depression-like responses. Calcium imaging in cultured neurons and acute brain slices revealed that ankyrin-G loss reduces both spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity. Quantitative proteomic profiling of membrane-enriched cortical fractions uncovered widespread remodeling of the synaptic proteome, including upregulation of the kinase Taok2 and unexpected downregulation of myelin basic protein (Mbp), a structural component of oligodendrocyte-derived myelin. Importantly, chronic lithium treatment, known to reverse behavioral abnormalities in Ank3-deficient mice, also restored Mbp expression. Together, our findings identify ankyrin-G as a molecular bridge between excitatory neuronal activity, synaptic structure, and myelin-associated protein expression, revealing a pathway by which ANK3 variants may contribute to neuropsychiatric disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Multiple sclerosis: circulating antigen-reactive lymphocytes.

Circulating lymphocyte populations were examined in 85 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 26 of whom showed exacerbations; 48 patients with other neurological diseases (OND); 14 patients suffering from psychiatric disorders; and 2 normal subjects. The study involved the assay of early (active, high-affinity rosetting) T-cells, myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive early T-cells, late (total, 24-hour rosetting) T-cell levels were significantly lower in MS (p less than 0.01) than in OND subjects. Exacerbations in MS were usually accompanied by further decreases in early T-cells. The lower levels of early T-cells in MS and their fluctuations are believed to reflect disease activity. MBP-reactive early T-cells were more frequently increased in MS (75% of cases) than OND (50%), and while this might be indicative of increased sensitization against myelin antigens, it was found not to be an MS-specific phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Shape change of blood platelets brought about by myelin basic protein and other basic polypeptides.

Basic proteins and polypeptides (BPP) such as myelin basic protein (MBP), polyornithine (M.W. 40,000), polylysine and protamine, which are known to cause neuronal depolarization in the central nervous system, induced a shape change reaction in blood platelets of various species, including man. This reaction was not accompanied by platelet aggregation or marked alterations of 5-hydroxytryptamine release. Cyclic nucleotide levels were also unchanged. The shape change induced by polyornithine was inhibited by heparin but not by antagonists of 5HT, catecholamines or gamma-aminobutryic acid, substances which are known to have no effect on the MBP-induced neuronal depolarization. Other basic substances, e.g. low molecular weight polyornithine (M.W. 4,000), cytochrome c, spermine and spermidine, did not induce either platelet shape change or (as shown before) neuronal depolarization. It is concluded, that 1) the shape change reaction of platelets seems to be a sensitive and simple means of detecting those BPP which induce functional changes in mammalian cells and 2) the use of platelets as models for neurons can be extended to include the action of BPP on the plasma membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Shape change of blood platelets induced by myelin basic protein.

Myelin basic protein (MBP) isolated from bovine spinal cord caused a marked shape change reaction of human blood platelets which was not accompanied by the release reaction and not inhibited by methysergide and spiroperidol. Only those basic proteins, including MBP, which had previously shown to exert neuronal depolarisation also induced the shape change reactions. Therefore, these findings may extend the use of platelets as neuronal models.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Dissecting seed composition QTL from wild soybean: fine-mapping, candidate gene identification, and evaluation of introgression effects on agronomic performance.

Seed composition QTL from wild soybean were confirmed and validated in two genetic backgrounds across multiple environments, candidate genes were identified, and agronomic performance of backcross introgression lines was evaluated. Through selection for soybean yield, breeders have inadvertently reduced seed protein content and increased oil due to phenotypic and genetic correlations between these three traits. Therefore, identifying alleles that increase protein without adversely affecting oil and yield is of interest for breeders and the entire soybean value chain. Previously, a G. max × G. soja population was used to map a protein-associated region to ~ 4.6 Mbp on chromosome (Chr) 14. The G. soja allele significantly increased protein 6.5-7.2 g kg-1, without significantly decreasing oil. Additionally, two oil quantitative trait loci (QTL) were reported on Chrs 8 and 14. In this study, we aimed to confirm the Chr 14 protein QTL, evaluate QTL effects on seed composition and agronomic performance, and further fine-map to identify candidate genes. We validated and fine-mapped the Chr 14 protein QTL to a 0.6 Mbp region in a different genetic background, where the G. soja allele significantly increased protein by 9.3 g kg-1. Further, we confirmed the Chr 14 oil QTL linked to the protein QTL and the Chr 8 oil QTL. Chr 14 protein QTL effects on agronomic traits were evaluated in a backcross population across eight environments. The QTL significantly increased protein content, without significantly impacting oil, maturity, or plant height. While the QTL impacted yield and lodging, its effect and significance varied within environments. The candidate genes identified for these three validated seed composition QTL, along with additional molecular markers developed, offer valuable resources for improving seed composition in soybean breeding programs.

Quantitative Trait Loci↗
PubMed1979

Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Correlation of circulating lymphocyte fluctuations with disease activity in suppressed and unsuppressed animals.

Groups of juvenile Strain 13 guinea pigs sensitized for chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with isogeneic central nervous system (CNS) tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were either left to develop late-onset chronic EAE (unsuppressed), or given a series of injections of bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to suppress the disease. All unsuppressed animals developed disease and all suppressed animals remained healthy over a 27-month period of study. some unsuppressed and suppressed animals were rechallenged with CNS tissue in CFA 12 or 26 months post-inoculation (PI). Unsuppressed animals all became sick 2-4 weeks after rechallenge, while rechallenged, suppressed animals were protected, indicating that the suppression was permanent. Pathologic findings in the CNS complemented the clinical changes. Circulating lymphocyte studies were performed on animals from all groups. Early (active, high-affinity rosetting) T cell levels in unsuppressed animals showed significant decreases during exacerbations (P less than 0.01) and normal values during remissions. After rechallenge, circulating early T cells decreased in unsuppressed animals with the development of signs. In suppressed animals, early T cells showed significant elevations during, and for a short time after, the period of suppressive injections, and normal values afterwards. These levels did not change significantly after rechallenge. Late (total, 24 hour rosetting) T cell and B cell values showed minor fluctuations only which did not correlate with disease activity. These results indicate that chronic relapsing EAE can be successfully suppressed with MBP in IFA, that this suppression is permanent and that the immunologic findings presented correlate well with the clinical and pathologic facets of the disease. the findings are presented in terms of their relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Is low urinary prostaglandin concentration a stage in the development of essential hypertension?

Urinary prostaglandin E and F (PGE and PGF) concentrations, renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium excretion rate (UNaV), potassium excretion rate (UKV), urinary osmolarity (Uosm) and osmolar clearance (Cosm) were found to be higher, while mean blood pressure (MBP) was lower in a group of 15 normotensive subjects (15NS), compared to those values obtained in a group of 25 essential patients (25EHP) of the same mean age. After volume expansion, of the 25EHP, urinary PGE concentration, RPF, noncortical plasma flow (NCPF), UNaV, UKV, UNaV/UKV, Cosm and urine volume (UV) increased significantly, MBP, GFR, Uosm, free water reabsorption (Tc water) and urinary aldosterone concentration did not change, while plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased significantly. It was concluded that the deficiency in renomedullary PG synthesis in the EHP is accompanied by a decrease in RPF, NCPF and UNaV. This decrease in UNaV and renal hemodynamics could increase, in the long term, the BP in these patients. Nevertheless, these findings do not exclude the interpretation that the decrease in renomedullary PGE release in the EHP indicates an attempt to increase sodium excretion at the distal tubule by diminishing sodium reabsorption by this agent in order to prevent further increase in BP. In any case, it seems that renomedullary PGs play an important role in intra-renal control systems.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens).

Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens, Lutjanidae) inhabits deep waters (20-300 m) from North America to Brazil and supports significant commercial and recreational fisheries. Despite its economic importance, the understanding of its basic biology remains limited. Classified as Vulnerable on the Red List due to overfishing, populations have declined by over 30% in recent generations. We assembled and annotated the first chromosome-scale genome of this species by combining PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C data. The resulting assembly is 987.5 Mbp, with a scaffold N50 size of 41.3 Mbp, and includes 135 contigs clustered and ordered onto 24 chromosomes with 34,496 predicted genes. The high-quality assembly and annotation contained about 98% complete and single-copy BUSCO genes. It is the most complete, chromosome-level genome assembly of an Atlantic snapper to date. The genome assembly and supporting data are valuable tools for ecological and comparative genomics studies of snappers and other valuable commercial species within the family.

Chromosomes↗