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PubMed1999

Geraniol is a potent inducer of apoptosis-like cell death in the cultured shoot primordia of Matricaria chamomilla.

We screened various isoprenoids to search for inducers of apoptosis-like cell death ("apoptosis") in the shoot primordia of Matricaria chamomilla and found that geraniol has the most potent apoptosis-inducing activity among terpenoids, as judged from DNA fragmentation in the cells. The apoptosis-inducing activity of geraniol is concentration and time dependent. Morphologically, the nuclei of the cells treated with 5 mM geraniol were condensed and fragmented.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla.

Dried flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L. are largely used to provide sedative as well as spasmolytic effects. In the present study, we examined in particular the pharmacological property of a fraction isolated from a methanolic extract of M. chamomilla, which was identified by HPLC-MS-MS analysis as apigenin. By radioreceptor binding assays, we demonstrated the ability of the flavone to displace a specific radioligand, [(3)H]Ro 15-1788, from the central benzodiazepine binding site. Electrophysiological studies performed on cultured cerebellar granule cells showed that apigenin reduced GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-activated Cl(-) currents in a dose-dependent fashion. The effect was blocked by co-application of Ro 15-1788, a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Accordingly, apigenin reduced the latency in the onset of picrotoxin-induced convulsions. Moreover, apigenin injected i.p. in rats reduced locomotor activity, but did not demonstrate anxiolytic, myorelaxant, or anticonvulsant activities. The present results seem to suggest that the inhibitory activity of apigenin on locomotor behaviour in rats cannot be ascribed to an interaction with GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor but to other neurotransmission systems, since it is not blocked by Ro 15-1788.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Highly oxygenated bisabolenes and an acetylene from Matricaria aurea.

Reinvestigation of the aerial parts of Matricaria aurea led to the isolation of three new bisabolenes and a new acetylene. The structures of the four compounds, namely (1R*,2R*,3R*,6R*,7R*)1,2,3,6,7- pentahydroxy-bisabol-10(11)-ene, (1R*,2R*,3R*,6R*,7R*)1,2,3,6,7-pentahydroxy-1-acetoxy-bisabol-10(1 1)-ene, (1R*,2R*,3R*,6R*,7R*)1,2,3,6,7-pentahydroxy-2-acetoxy-bisabol-10(1 1)-ene and (3S*,4S*,5R*)-(E)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hexa-2,4-diynyliden)-1,6- dioxaspiro-(4,5)decane, were deduced from the high field NMR studies.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed1995

Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects.

The dried flower heads of Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae) are used in folk medicine to prepare a spasmolytic and sedative tea. Our fractionation of the aqueous extract of this plant led to the detection of several fractions with significant affinity for the central benzodiazepine receptor and to the isolation and identification of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) in one of them. Apigenin competitively inhibited the binding of flunitrazepam with a Ki of 4 microM and had no effect on muscarinic receptors, alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and on the binding of muscimol to GABAA receptors. Apigenin had a clear anxiolytic activity in mice in the elevated plusmaze without evidencing sedation or muscle relaxant effects at doses similar to those used for classical benzodiazepines and no anticonvulsant action was detected. However, a 10-fold increase in dosage produced a mild sedative effect since a 26% reduction in ambulatory locomotor activity and a 35% decrement in hole-board parameters were evident. The results reported in this paper demonstrate that apigenin is a ligand for the central benzodiazepine receptors exerting anxiolytic and slight sedative effects but not being anticonvulsant or myorelaxant.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The immunomodulating activity of the heteropolysaccharides from German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) during air and immersion cooling].

Intragastric and parenteral administration of heteropolysaccharides of Matricaria chamomilla L. is found to normalize developing of the immune response upon air cooling and enhance (but do not normalize) this process upon immersion cooling. The immunomodulating effect of the heteropolysaccharides upon cooling is attributed to initiation of immunostimulating properties of heavy erythrocytes (macrocytes), activization of immunoregulation cells of peripheral blood, and increased sensitivity of effector cells to helper signals.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

Pathology of a nervous disorder (pushing disease or "stootsiekte") in cattle caused by the plant Matricaria nigellifolia DC. (Asteraceae).

Brains from 10 bovine field cases of pushing disease, a nervous disorder caused by the plant, Matricaria nigellifolia, were examined by light microscopy. Moderate to marked encephalitis, characterized by predominantly perivascular microgliosis, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates and reactive changes in astrocytes, was present in all the brains. The lesion was concentrated in the white matter throughout the forebrain and midbrain. Dried, milled M. nigellifolia was dosed to 6 steers. Clinical signs of pushing disease, which included docility, clumsiness and pushing against objects, appeared abruptly in 5 of the steers after a latent period that varied from 16-44 days. The lowest total dose of plant that proved toxic was 10 g/kg. The length of the latent period appeared to be related inversely to the total dose. Encephalitis, which was similar in nature and distribution to those in the field cases, was demonstrated in the 5 affected steers. The lesion was minimal in the brain of the steer that did not develop pushing disease. The cerebral lesion is sufficiently consistent and distinctive to be useful in establishing a diagnosis of pushing disease. The perivascular distribution of microgliosis suggests that the site of the toxic insult is the cerebral vasculature. Botanical information is presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Headspace-solid-phase microextraction fast GC in combination with principal component analysis as a tool to classify different chemotypes of chamomile flower-heads (Matricaria recutita l.).

Headspace-solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-principal component analysis (HS-SPME GC-PCA) is proposed as a complementary or alternative method to essential oil (EO) GC-PCA in order to discriminate between flower-heads of chamomile of different chemotypes. Ninety-two EOs and the headspaces sampled by HS-SPME of the corresponding chamomile flower-heads were examined by conventional GC and fast GC (F-GC) and the results submitted to statistical analysis by PCA. HS-SPME F-GC-PCA showed itself to be a rapid technique by which to distinguish chamomile flower-head chemotypes a produced results in agreement with the accepted EO classification. Using this method, the analysis time was reduced from at least 4.5 h with EO conventional GC to less than 1 h with HS-SPME F-GC. This approach can thus successfully be used as an analytical decision maker in order to reduce the number of time-consuming EO conventional GC analyses by limiting them to those samples that cannot unequivocally be classified. The EO conventional GC and HS-SPME F-GC results of PCA were very uniform, but they did not provide quantitative correlations between the components as determined by the two methods. A different statistical approach and a larger number of samples will be needed in order to correlate components in the headspace sampled by SPME and those in the corresponding EO quantitatively through a function.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2004

Metabolomic strategy for the classification and quality control of phytomedicine: a case study of chamomile flower (Matricaria recutita L.).

In order to improve the accuracy and consistency of control phytomedicine preparations worldwide, regulatory authorities are requesting research into new analytical methods for the stricter standardisation of phytomedicines. Such methods have to be both objective and robust, and should address the reproducibility of the content of the chemical profiles. NMR-based metabolomics, which combines high-resolution (1)H-NMR spectroscopy with chemometric analysis, has been employed as an innovative way to meet those demands. In this paper, chamomile flowers from three different geographical regions, namely, Egypt, Hungary and Slovakia were characterised using 1H-NMR spectroscopy followed by principal component analysis. It was found that the origin, purity and preparation methods contributed to the differences observed in prepared chamomile extracts. In addition, this method also enabled the elucidation of the molecular information embedded in the spectra responsible for the observed variability. The metabolomic strategy employed in the current study should provide an efficient tool for the quality control and authentication of phytomedicines.

Flowers↗