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PubMed2006

Marital decision-making and the timing of first birth in rural China before the 1990s.

Using a sample of couples drawn from the three provinces of Guangdong, Shandong, and Shaanxi, we investigated whether couples' increasing freedom to choose whom to marry influenced the timing of first birth in rural China during the four decades before the 1990s. The shortening of first-birth intervals in the period is found to be associated with the shift from arranged to free-choice marriages. The association is attributed largely to increased intimacy and coital frequency after marriage together with postponement of age at first marriage.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Consequences of adolescent marijuana use: incompatibility with the assumption of adult roles.

This longitudinal study is an examination of the relationship between marijuana use and the assumption of adult roles, as well as the relationship between assuming adult roles and the likelihood of later marijuana use. Data were collected at 5 points in time from childhood through early adulthood (late 20s) by means of a structured questionnaire. Participants' marijuana use and the assumption of adult roles, including employment, marriage, parenthood, and living arrangements, were measured, and the data were analyzed with logistic regression analyses. A history of marijuana use was associated with an increased risk of adopting more unconventional adult roles, such as postponement of marriage, having a child out of wedlock, and unemployment. These results suggest that frequent prior marijuana use may adversely affect one's ability to successfully assume conventional adult roles. Furthermore, controlling for earlier marijuana use, marriage during early adulthood significantly decreased the risk of later marijuana use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Marriages and fertility among Turkish and Moroccan women in Belgium: results from census data.

The patterns of family formation and fertility behavior of Turkish and Moroccan women in Belgium are changing rapidly. The census data (1991) indicate a fertility decline. The reasons are changes in the nuptiality patterns, contraceptive behavior, and migratory flows. The changes are not identical in both communities. Young cohorts postpone their marriage, but this is most prominent among Moroccan women. On the other hand, young Turkish women have a clear preference for smaller families. The changes also differentiate according to migrant "generation" and level of education. The changes are not restricted to Belgium but are also observed in the countries of origin.

Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Between-birth intervals in newly married Bulgarian families.

UNLABELLED: An essential component of the family planning of a newly married couple is determining not only the number of children but also the spacing of births. AIM: To study the preferences of newly married couples of Bulgarian ancestry from Plovdiv for between-birth intervals and factors that have effect on them. METHODS: The present transversal study was designed to investigate family planning in young families of Bulgarian origin from the town of Plovdiv at the time of submission of documents for state registration of marriage. The primary sociological information was gathered by a direct individual inquiry of 384 families. The data were compared with data from a similar study performed in 1995. RESULTS: Only one third of the women are willing to have a child immediately after marriage. Men prefer this to happen 1.61 +/- 0.07 year after the marriage while women favour longer protogenetic interval--1.84 +/- 0.06. The opinion of the spouses inquired about the age of women at last birth shows that there is statistically significant increase in this variable from 34.89 +/- 0.29 years in 1995 to 36.33 +/- 0.32 years in 2000. No statistically significant difference was found between the protogenetic intervals of 2000 and 1995. CONCLUSIONS: The increased age at marriage, the postponement of childbirth and increase in the anticipated age of last birth supports the thesis that the Bulgarian family type has undergone changes towards the family type characteristic for the countries in Western Europe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Marriage risks, cohabitation and premarital births in Canada.

"This paper is an attempt to examine the trends in union formation among various cohorts and to identify some of the socio-demographic correlates of marital timing. The data for this study are taken from the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. The results indicate that there is no immediate crisis for the family in Canada, but that many are choosing cohabitation as a preferred mode of first union formation at early stages. Young women (below 25 years of age), residents of large metropolitan areas, those with a university education and those with low religious commitment are more likely than others to be delayers of marriage." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Human fertility: sociodemographic aspects.

This study analyzes the sociodemographic factors at the root of the reduction in fertility in developed countries and the way in which these are correlated to the increase in levels of infertility. The postponement of marriage and of bearing the first child, the transition still underway toward nontraditional family forms and unfavorable economic and institutional factors explain a considerable part of the increase in levels of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Income taxes and the timing of marital decisions.

"In this paper we estimate the impact of the [U.S.] federal individual income tax on the timing of marital decisions.... Using household data from the Panel Study on Income Dynamics, we estimate various models of the probability of delaying marriage as a function of the change in tax burden caused by marriage (as well as several other variables). We find that there is a significant positive relationship between the marriage penalty in a year and the probability of delaying marriage until the following year. The magnitude of the effect, however, is small."

Americas↗
PubMed2001

Definition and causes of infertility.

Infertility is a common problem affecting one couple in six. It can be defined as the incapacity to fulfill pregnancy after reasonable time of sexual intercourse with no contraceptive measures taken. The evidence for changes in the prevalence of infertility is difficult to establish. This increase could be due to at least four factors: delayed childbearing, alterations in semen quality due to habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol, changes in sexual behaviour and eliminations of most taboos. The study of infertile couple has always been focussed on different factors: ovulatory factor (present in about 20% of couples), utero-tubal peritoneal factor (present in ~30% of couples), semen migration factor (10% of cases) and male factor (30% of couples). Around 40% of all infertile couples exhibit a combination of factors and about 15% of couples may not display any objective alteration leading to a definite diagnosis. During the past two decades there have been three important changes in infertility practice. First, the introduction of assisted reproduction technologies has provided an opportunity to study basic reproductive processes. Second, societal changes have occurred such as the increase in the proportion of women over 35 years old seeking pregnancy. This fact is due to a later age for marriage and postponement of pregnancy. Third, the development of molecular biology and genetics has become very important for the study, diagnosis and assessment of couples, many of them considered until now as "unexplained infertile couples".

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Changes in age at marriage of women in rural north India.

There has been a dramatic increase in age at marriage for women in a rural area of north India. Age at marriage rose from under 12 years before 1930 to about 19 years in 1988, mainly as a result of socioeconomic development and advances in education of women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Who remains childless?

Who are the men and women who are childless in their mid-30s? Life history data for a British cohort born in 1946 show that age at marriage and marital breakdown were clearly associated with childlessness. Women who were only children were more likely to be childless than those with siblings. Further, early menarcheal age, being highly qualified and having a high status occupation were indirectly related to childlessness. For men, particularly amongst those who had experienced a broken marriage, it was the most ambitious, the highly educated and those in professional occupations who were relatively more likely to be childless.

Adolescent↗