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[Separations and divorces in Italy according to the age of the spouses and the duration of marriage (1969-1978)].

"An analysis of judicial separations (1969-1978) and divorces (1971-1978) in Italy is presented...with reference to the duration of marriage and the age of husband and wife, using...data collected by ISTAT (Italian Central Statistical Institute)." It is found that the risk of separation or divorce is greater for shorter marriage durations (3-6 years), for individuals who marry at younger ages, and for marriages performed during World War II. (summary in ENG, FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Divorce-risk trends in Sweden 1971-1993.

"The purpose of this paper is to introduce an updated system of annual indexes of divorce risks and to use the system to display trends in divorce risks for Swedish women over the years since 1971. Divorce-risk trends turn out to have been quite different for women at different parities. Trends for women in their first marriage (the majority) are also somewhat different from trends in later marriages. After a spurt in divorces at parity 0 connected with a divorce reform in 1974, divorce risks have been quite stable for women at this parity, but they have increased steadily among married mothers, mostly as an effect of an increasing prevalence of premarital childbearing. Our indexes are produced by an indirect standardization of register data with respect to women's age at marriage, duration of marriage, and order of marriage. We also recommend standardization with respect to an indicator of premarital childbearing, which is particularly important in a population with extensive nonmarital cohabitation." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Biology↗
PubMed2005

Spouse selection and environmental effects on spouse correlation in lung function measures.

PURPOSE: Concordance between spouses may be due to partner selection factors and/or the effects of marriage/environment. The extent to which partner selection factors contribute to spouse concordance has important implications for heritability studies. The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude of spouse correlation in lung function measures and its relationship to duration of marriage. METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected over the period 1969 to 1995 for 2615 couples from the Busselton Health Study have been analyzed using the program FISHER. RESULTS: Unadjusted correlations were around 0.45 for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and 0.25 for FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) and were reduced to 0.05 and 0.10, respectively, after adjustment for age, height, and smoking. No trend with marriage duration was apparent in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses but there was a significant downward trend in the correlations with age at marriage. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that observed correlations in lung function measures are mostly due to partner selection factors and that partner selection factors have greater influence for couples that marry at younger ages. Family studies that aim to identify and separate genetic from other influences on lung function measures should not regard the mother-father correlation as due to common environment effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Socio-cultural organization and fertility attitudes and behaviour of wives in Ezibeleni Township (Transkei).

"The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of socio-cultural organization on both desired and completed fertility of a group of married women in Ezibeleni township in the Transkei. Among the socio-cultural factors examined were religion, education, labour force participation, age, age at marriage, duration of marriage, birth and marriage cohorts etc. We found sufficient evidence to support the contention that childbearing is a fundamentally social behaviour. On the whole, families tend to be large in the township. The higher a woman's socio-economic status, the smaller the size of her family. Contrary to existing findings, age at marriage is positively associated with achieved family size, while the timing of entry into a marital union is negatively associated with desired family size. Finally, fertility desires have been changing over the years with the younger generation of wives desiring smaller family sizes compared to the older generation." (SUMMARY IN AFR)

Africa↗
PubMed1991

Desired and excess fertility in Europe and the United States: indirect estimates from World Fertility Survey data.

This paper presents indirect estimates of desired family size and unwanted births for married and cohabiting women in 12 European countries and the US. An econometric model for censored discrete data is used to estimate the distribution of desired family size from individual observations on children ever-born and total expected births. The data are from the UNECE Comparative Fertility Study of WFS surveys for Europe and the US and originated in national surveys between April 1975-December 1979. Estimates of the bivariate distribution of cumulative and desired fertility are used to compute the proportion of women with excess fertility and the average number of unwanted births for each country. The indirect estimates are compared with those from an analysis of survey responses to questions about desired and unwanted births. Multivariate modes that control for the effects of marriage duration, age at marriage, education, employment status, work experience, and total family income are also reported.

Americas↗
PubMed1986

The effect of marital status at first birth on marital dissolution among adolescent mothers.

The sequencing of marriage and first birth was expected to play an important role in the stability of marriage among adolescent mothers. We hypothesized that adolescent women who married prior to conception would have the lowest rates of marital disruption, followed by those who married between conception and birth. Adolescent women who gave birth prior to marriage were expected to suffer the highest rates of marital dissolution. The results provide partial support for our hypotheses. There is little difference in the probability of separation between adolescent mothers who had a postmarital conception and those who had a premarital conception but married before the birth. Having a premarital birth, however, significantly increases the probability of marital dissolution. We also hypothesized that marital status at first birth would have less effect on the probability of marital dissolution for blacks than for whites. This, too, is generally supported by our findings. Among black females, those with a premarital birth are the first to suffer a marital disruption, but by the end of ten years there is little difference in the probability of separation among the three marital status groups. In contrast, among white females, those with a premarital birth are the first to experience a disruption, and this differential persists over all subsequent marriage duration intervals. Thus, the sequencing of marriage relative to birth has similar short term effects for whites and blacks, but the effect for blacks is evident only in the short term. Ten years after the marriage, black adolescent mothers have similar rates of marital stability regardless of the sequencing of marriage. This is consistent with the findings of previous research and with our hypothesis; with the black family pattern of lower rates of marriage, higher rates of illegitimacy and higher divorce rates, the sequencing of marriage has no long lasting consequences on marital stability. Finally, our predicted decline in the effect of marital status at first birth over historical time also finds partial support. For white females there has been a change in the effect of marriage-first birth sequencing on separation over time. In the period encompassed by the women in our study, white adolescent mothers who married subsequent to the birth have been the most likely to experience a separation at all marriage duration intervals, but this differential narrows as age at interview declines. Among black females there has been no change in the effect of a premarital birth over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Deemed duration of marriage for widows/widowers and removal of restriction on benefits to children of military parents overseas. Final rules.

We are issuing these final rules to reflect in our regulations changes to the Social Security Act (the Act) made by two provisions in the Social Security Protection Act of 2004 (SSPA), enacted on March 2, 2004. One provision added a new situation in which the 9-month duration-of-marriage requirement for surviving spouses under title II of the Act is deemed to have been met. The other provision removed a restriction against payment of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits, under title XVI of the Act, to certain blind or disabled children who were not eligible for SSI benefits the month before their military parents reported for duty outside the United States.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A specification of marital fertility by parents' age, age at marriage and marital duration.

The positive association between wife's age at marriage and fertility experienced at the older reproductive ages, cited in recent natural fertility literature, is explored using Mormon birth cohorts from 1840 to 1879. When this relationship is specified by husband's age at marriage and marriage duration, the results indicate that older-aged husbands depress marital fertility only at higher marriage durations. The general decomposition of age-specific fertility utilizing both mother's and father's age is also considered. The results show that mother's aging is the most important factor, while father's aging has a moderately negative effect under a natural fertility regime.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Fertility life tables].

"Three tables for measuring human fertility are presented. The first, the Parity-Fertility-Life-Table, includes the intensity of fertility only. The second table, the Marriage-Duration-Fertility-Life-Table, bases on the Parity-Fertility-Life-Table and measures the tempo of fertility altogether. The third table, the Birth-Interval-Fertility-Life-Table, completes the Marriage-Duration-Fertility-Life-Table in considering the point of time, at which the last parity is reached." The methods are illustrated using official data for the Federal Republic of Germany. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1994

Demographic and socio-economic status of women in different family structures in a rural area of south India.

The authors study "women's demographic and socio-economic position in different family types...[using data] from a sample survey conducted in a rural area of Tamil Nadu [India] during May and June of 1988....Comparison of demographic characteristics of ever-married women in the reproductive age, such as marital status, age, marriage duration, age at marriage and living children, and socio-economic characteristics, such as educational status, occupational status, per capita annual income of the family and number of rooms in the house, is made between family types."

Asia↗
PubMed2002

Symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia: impact on partners' quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: Symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), besides affecting patients' quality of life through lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and related acute events, may affect their partners' quality of life as well. The present study was focused on exploring partner morbidity in cases of symptomatic BPH patients being evaluated for surgical treatment. METHODS: The study group was comprised of 50 couples where male partners suffered from symptomatic BPH and was referred for further evaluation and, possibly, surgical treatment. Male subjects were asked to fill out the IPSS form, while the female partners were, separately, asked to fill out another structured questionnaire about 7 items (sleep disturbance, social disruption, performance of essential tasks, psychological impact, sex life, fear of cancer, fear of surgery). Data were analyzed in relation to the severity of symptoms (IPSS), patient's and partner's age, couple's age difference, marriage duration, mode and place of living. RESULTS: Partners' morbidity due to their husband's condition was comprised of sleep disturbance (28%); disruption of social life (30%) positively related to IPSS and negatively to the symptom duration; inability to take care of essential tasks outside and inside their house (8%); psychological burden (66%) positively related to the wife's age, the couple's age difference and the marriage duration; inadequate sex life (48%); fear of prostate cancer (62%); and fear of surgery (82%). CONCLUSIONS: Partners of patients with symptomatic BPH experience significant morbidity because of their husband's condition. The severity of patients' symptoms, however, is not always related to partners' morbidity. Partners should be adequately informed of the benign nature of the disease, as well as, the possible operating risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Fertility of women married before 1800 at Jablonec nad Nisou].

Using data from parish registers and family reconstitution methods, the authors analyze fertility levels and trends for women married before 1800 in the town of Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic. "Analyzing matrimonial fertility of these families we have found...that during the whole 18th century the level of matrimonial fertility...was stable.... The number of children in a family depended on the age of woman at the time of marriage and length of marriage duration." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1991

[Concordance of risk factors for cerebro-cardiovascular diseases among spouses].

The present study was carried out to clarify the concordance or similarity of risk factors among 298 spouse pairs in a random sample who lived in Mizobe town of Kagoshima Prefecture. A sample of 298 spouse pairs was surveyed by using the house-to-house interviewing method and was classified into three groups by the marriage duration. The following results were obtained. 1) Statistically significant partial correlation coefficients were demonstrated among the spouses for blood pressure in the present study. However, they were smaller than among spouses in remote islands, this fact suggested that there was no higher spouse concordance in this surveyed area than in remote island areas, and also that there might be a difference in the shared environment of spouse pairs and the genetic effect on blood pressure between the former area and the latter. 2) In regard to the intake of salt in miso soup and the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K), an increasing gradient of partial correlation coefficients for the risk factors among the spouses was observed with increasing marriage duration, suggesting that the intake might be caused by the shared environment on the basis of a similar dietary pattern for the spouse pairs.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Age at marriage and fertility in Taiwan.

"This study is concerned with the effects of age at marriage on fertility in Taiwan, with the primary objective of understanding the nature and causes of the recent upsurge of the...birth rate." Data are taken from the population register for the period 1975 to 1978 and from two fertility surveys undertaken in 1967 and 1976. It is found that the increase in the birth rate between 1975 and 1978 was primarily due to a large increase in the proportion and number of women aged 25 to 29. It was also due, in part, to an increase in the age at marriage. The effects of shifts in marriage duration, improved fecundability, and increases in premarital pregnancy are also considered. The author suggests that a further decline in fertility is unlikely in the near future unless there are changes in traditional family values, son preference, and number of children desired. (summary in CHI)

Age Distribution↗