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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Using structured games to teach early fraction concepts to students who are deaf or hard of hearing.

The study focused on the development of the concept of fractions in a group of 11- and 12-year-old students who were deaf or hard of hearing. The approach implemented in the study relied extensively on the use of games with very little formal instruction. It emphasized the development of appropriate language to facilitate an understanding of the notion of fractions through the investigation of concrete materials, pictorial representations, and interactions between students and teacher. The progress achieved by means of this approach is reported, and the implications of developing an understanding of fractions (and mathematics generally) among students who are deaf or hard of hearing are noted.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Unilateral linear capillaritis.

We present four cases of a distinctive type of pigmented purpuric eruption occurring in a striking linear and pseudo-dermatomal distribution in young males. Whilst these cases share some of the clinical and histological features of other pigmented purpuric dermatoses, they are not readily classified with any of the entities so far defined in this group of disorders. We believe these cases represent a distinct group not previously described. Four patients with an unusual pigmented purpuric eruption are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Genome-wide scan for linkage in finnish hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) families identifies novel susceptibility loci at 11q14 and 3p25-26.

BACKGROUND: In order to identify predisposition loci to hereditary prostate cancer (HPC), we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis using samples from a genetically homogeneous population, with 13 Finnish multiplex prostate cancer families. METHODS: Altogether 87 DNA samples were genotyped from 13 families. Logarithm-of-odds (LOD) scores were calculated for all autosomes using FASTLINK and GENEHUNTER designating all unaffected men and all women as unknown. RESULTS: The highest LOD scores in the affected-only analyses were found at 11q14, where the two-point LOD score was 2.97 (theta = 0.0 at D11S901), GENEHUNTER heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) of 3.36, and a non-parametric-linkage (NPL) score of 2.67 (P = 0.008). A second positive site was at 3p25-26, with a two-point LOD score of 2.57 (theta = 0.01 at D3S1297), HLOD of 2.15, and NPL score of 2.27 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest two HPC regions in the Finnish population, which have not been reported previously and warrant further study.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Perinatal exposure to bisphenol-A alters peripubertal mammary gland development in mice.

Developmental exposure to estrogenic chemicals induces morphological, functional, and behavioral anomalies associated with reproduction. Humans are exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic compound that leaches from dental materials and plastic food and beverage containers. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of perinatal exposure to low, environmentally relevant doses of BPA [25 and 250 ng BPA/kg body weight (bw).d] on the peripubertal development of the mammary gland. BPA exposure enhanced the mammary glands' sensitivity to estradiol in ovariectomized CD-1 mice. In their intact 30-d-old littermates, the area and numbers of terminal end buds relative to the gland ductal area increased whereas their apoptotic activity decreased. There was a positive correlation between ductal length and the age at first proestrus; that was reduced as the BPA dose increased, suggesting that BPA exposure slows down ductal invasion of the stroma. There was also a significant increase of progesterone receptor-positive ductal epithelial cells that were localized in clusters, suggesting future branching points. Indeed, lateral branching was significantly enhanced at 4 months of age in mice exposed to 25 ng BPA /kg bw.d. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant BPA doses results in persistent alterations in mammary gland morphogenesis. Of special concern is the increased terminal end bud density at puberty as well as the increased number of terminal ends reported previously in adult animals, as these two structures are the sites at which cancer arises in humans and rodents.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Mantle cell lymphoma presenting as a breast mass.

Breast lymphoma accounts for less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and approximately 0.1% of all breast neoplasms. Most breast lymphomas are classified as diffuse large B cell or mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. The case of a 53 year old woman presenting with a breast mass and found to have mantle cell lymphoma is described. Core biopsy of the breast lesion showed a B cell NHL, probably of large cell type and of high grade. Morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples suggested a mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This was confirmed by the detection of a t(11;14) in the bone marrow aspirate and breast tissue by polymerase chain reaction analysis. There have been no previous reports of an MCL presenting as a breast lump. Because a diagnosis of MCL has prognostic and therapeutic implications, this case highlights the need for an awareness of MCL presenting in this way, and the requirement for specialised investigations in its detection.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2006

The reliability of measuring physical characteristics of spiculated masses on mammography.

The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of measurements of the physical characteristics of spiculated masses on mammography. The images used in this study were obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography. Two experienced radiologists measured the properties of 21 images of spiculated masses. The length and width of all spicules and the major axis of the mass were measured. In addition, the observers counted the total number of spicules. Interobserver and intraobserver variability were evaluated using a hypothesis test for equivalence, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman statistics. For an equivalence level of 30% of the mean of the senior radiologist's measurement, equivalence was achieved for the measurements of average spicule length (p<0.01), average spicule width (p = 0.03), the length of the major axis (p<0.01) and for the count of the number of spicules (p<0.01). Similarly, with the ICC analysis technique "excellent" inter-rater agreement was observed for the measurements of average spicule length (ICC = 0.770), the length of the major axis (ICC = 0.801) and for the count of the number of spicules (ICC = 0.780). "Fair to good" agreement was observed for the average spicule width (ICC = 0.561). Equivalence was also demonstrated for intraobserver measurements. Physical properties of spiculated masses can be measured reliably on mammography. The interobserver and intraobserver variability for this task is comparable with that reported for other measurements made on medical images.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Parkinsonism induced by solvent abuse.

We report the first description of a patient with parkinsonism induced by solvent abuse. Our patient developed parkinsonism acutely, following heavy abuse of lacquer thinner. Her clinical deficits were indistinguishable from idiopathic parkinsonism (Parkinson's disease) and she responded to levodopa. Parkinsonism has persisted for more than 3 months. Brain computed tomography was normal. Positron emission tomographic studies showed normal fluorodopa uptake and reduced raclopride binding, indicating an unusual disturbance of striatal dopaminergic function. This patient suggests that organic solvents may cause parkinsonism in susceptible individuals.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

Geminin is targeted for repression by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor pathway through intragenic E2F sites.

The geminin protein is a critical regulator of DNA replication. It functions to control replication fidelity by blocking the assembly of prereplication complexes in the S and G(2) phases of the cell cycle. Geminin protein levels, which are low in G(0)/G(1) and increase at the G(1)/S transition, are controlled through coordinate transcriptional and proteolytic regulation. Here we show that geminin is regulated transcriptionally by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB)/E2F pathway. Initially, we observed that the activation of RB led to the repression of geminin transcription. Conversely, Rb-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts have enhanced the expression of geminin relative to wild type mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Similarly, an acute loss of Rb in mouse adult fibroblasts deregulated geminin RNA and protein levels. To delineate the responsible regulatory motifs, luciferase reporter constructs containing fragments of the geminin promoter were generated. An analysis of the critical regulatory cis-acting elements in the geminin promoter indicated that intragenic E2F sites down-stream of the first exon were responsible for RB-mediated repression of geminin. The direct analysis of the endogenous geminin promoter revealed that these intragenic E2F sites are occupied by E2F proteins, and the mutation of these sites eliminates responsiveness to RB. Together, these data link the expression of geminin to the RB/E2F pathway and represent the first promoter analysis of this important regulator of DNA replication.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pseudoobstruction in the geriatric population.

In this time of sophisticated technology, the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and pseudoobstruction still depends on plain radiographs and barium studies. Old myths and rigid routines interfere with the interpretation of plain radiographic examinations, however. Air-fluid levels can be present in the colon owing to fluid accumulation from prolonged stasis, and they do not necessarily indicate obstruction. Positioning of the patient for diagnostic studies should be directed so that the shifting of gas within the colon gives maximal information about intestinal patency and diameter. Barium studies are only necessary and desirable when the gas pattern suggests a mechanical obstruction. Pseudoobstruction, which tends to be amenable to conservative treatment, is a frequent occurrence in the elderly population. If properly managed, the risk of perforation is low, and invasive procedures can usually be avoided. In the elderly population with poor intestinal tone, colonic caliber is often large; yet some textbooks still quote specific cecal diameters as indicators of impending perforation. Mobilizing the gas with positional maneuvers can help to decrease cecal size, facilitate evacuation, and allay fear. This is one more situation in which the radiologist can play an active role in patient management. Close cooperation with the clinician is necessary to insure optimal care of these difficult and challenging patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Histiocytic lymphoma presenting as a testicular tumour and terminating in acute monoblastic leukaemia.

A 58 year old man presented in 1995 with a swollen testicle. After orchidectomy, a diagnosis of poorly differentiated lymphoma was made. Lymphoid, epithelial, and seminoma markers were all negative. Six months later he developed a buccal lesion, which was biopsied and reported as a high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It responded completely to chemotherapy but within a year he developed a forearm swelling, which was biopsied and imprints made before fixation of the material. Immunocytochemistry on the imprints showed positivity with antibodies to CD4, CD68, and muramidase, and the non-specific esterase cytochemical stain was strongly positive, leading to a diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma. Despite further treatment, the patient entered a terminal acute leukaemic phase, the blasts marking as monoblasts. Review of all the biopsies, including molecular investigations and further immunohistochemistry studies performed retrospectively on the original biopsy, demonstrated that this was the same malignant cell line throughout, and we conclude that this is a case of histiocytic lymphoma, initially presenting as a testicular tumour and terminating in acute monoblastic leukaemia. A diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma should be considered when lymphoid markers are negative in an apparent lymphoma, but should not be made without recourse to appropriate immunophenotypic and molecular studies.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1998

Familiality of monocyte esterase deficiency in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not peripheral blood monocyte esterase deficiency occurring in patients on CAPD was a familial characteristic. The peripheral blood monocyte esterase status of 74 patients on CAPD was determined by a naphthyl acetate esterase staining of cytospin preparations of their mononuclear cells following separation over ficoll. The peripheral blood of first degree relatives and spouses of monocyte esterase deficiency patients was similarly investigated for the deficiency. Three patients bad monocyte esterase deficiency and familiality of the defect was demonstrated in two of their families. The third family was incompletely investigated because of lack of consent. The monocyte esterase deficiency demonstrated in this cohort of patients did not result from their renal failure but was a familial characteristic.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tinea capitis due to Trichophyton soudanense in Cincinnati, Ohio, in internationally adopted children from Liberia.

Two sisters, ages 5 and 6 years, who were adopted from Liberia, presented in Cincinnati, Ohio, with tinea capitis. Fungal cultures grew Trichophyton soudanense, a dermatophyte rarely seen in North America. Both girls had multiple other infections. They responded well to therapy with oral griseofulvin and topical selenium sulfide. With the current increase in international travel and adoption, nonendemic dermatophyte infections such as this need to be recognized.

Antifungal Agents↗