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PubMed1988

Factors associated with maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

A housing probability survey in which 9315 women were interviewed was conducted in 1983 to detect the incidence and aetiology of maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Maternal mortality for the two-year period from 11 September 1981 was 350/100,000 livebirths (excluding abortions). A logistic regression analysis selected antenatal care, occupation and income as risk factors for maternal mortality, after adjusting for age, parity, education and marital status. Odds ratios were 2.5 for unbooked women compared to those receiving antenatal care, about 3 for students, and maids/janitresses compared to housewives, and between 3 and 5 for those earning less than US$25 monthly, compared to those earning US$150 or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among employees and their spouses at two large businesses in Zaire.

To better understand the reasons why up to 80% of all HIV-1 infections in Zaire, but less than 5% in North America and Europe, are acquired through heterosexual transmission, and to assess the impact of HIV-1 infection on a large urban African workforce, we enrolled 7068 male employees, 416 female employees and 4548 female spouses of employees at two large Kinshasa businesses (a textile factory and a commercial bank) in a prospective study of HIV-1 infection. The HIV-1 seroprevalence rate was higher in male employees (5.8%) and their spouses (5.7%) at the bank than among male employees (2.8%) and their spouses (3.3%) at the textile factory. At both businesses HIV-1 seroprevalence was higher among employees in managerial positions (5.0%) than among workers in lower-level positions (3.0%; P less than 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis of male employees, receipt of a transfusion, a history of genital ulcer disease, working at the bank, urethritis, or being divorced or separated were independently associated with HIV-1 infection. During 1987 and 1988, AIDS was the most common cause of death among recently employed workers, accounting for 20 and 24% of all deaths at the textile factory and the commercial bank, respectively. The HIV-1 seroprevalence rate was higher among female workers (7.7%) than among the spouses of male workers (3.9%; P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis of the wives of workers, having an HIV-1-seropositive spouse, receipt of a blood transfusion, or a history of genital ulcer disease were independently associated with HIV-1 infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

A controlled study of the effect of prepared childbirth classes on obstetric outcomes.

After the development and initiation of prepared childbirth classes in a large, inner-city hospital, a case-controlled study was designed to assess their impact on obstetric outcomes. Prepared couples were matched with nonattenders on six variables: race, patient status (clinic or private), parity, marital status, age, and socioeconomic status. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found. Prepared couples were more likely to receive little or no pain medication and less conduction anesthesia than controls. Consequently, 79 percent of their deliveries were spontaneous, compared to 51 percent for controls (P less than 0.001). Despite the increased pushing ability of the class attenders, over 80 percent of women in both groups had an episiotomy, which was, in turn, significantly associated with a second-, third-, or fourth-degree laceration, thus bringing into question its routine use. Further studies to identify additional factors associated with positive obstetric outcomes are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between previous elective abortions and postpartum depressive reactions.

To test the hypothesis that primiparas who have had a previous elective abortion will have a higher incidence of depressive reactions postpartum than will primiparas who have not, 48 women pregnant for the first time and 25 who had had one abortion were interviewed six to eight weeks postpartum. No significant difference in the incidence of depression between the two groups could be found. In addition, when associations between their mean depression scores and other variables such as planned pregnancy, preferred infant sex, identified obstetrical problems, help at home, experiencing the baby blues, and an identified recent sad life event were calculated, no significant differences were noted. Spontaneous comments from the previously aborted women suggested that anxiety during pregnancy concerning the infant's health was a greater source of discomfort than was postpartum depression.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association of AIDS education and sex education with sexual behavior and condom use among teenage men.

According to a 1988 nationally representative survey, most 15-19--year-old men in the United States have received formal instruction about AIDS (73%), birth control (79%) and resisting sexual activity (58%). Results of multivariate analyses show the receipt of AIDS education and sex education to be associated with modest but significant decreases in the number of partners and the frequency of intercourse in the year prior to the survey. Having received instruction in these topics was also associated with more consistent condom use. Instruction in some topics was associated with increases in knowledge and attitudes about AIDS, but these increases were not always correlated with safer behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of unintended childbearing among ever-married women in the United States: 1973-1988.

A downward trend in unwanted childbearing has reversed among large segments of the population, according to data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth. The proportion of births in the previous five years that were unwanted at conception fell from 14 percent in 1973 to eight percent in 1982, but increased to 10 percent in 1988. Between the 1982 and 1988 surveys, increases were most pronounced among women with less than a high school education and among women living below the federal poverty level. Differences between black women and white women in levels of unwanted childbearing, which were converging prior to 1982, have since grown considerably, particularly among the poor and the less educated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abortion in Canada: religious and ideological dimensions of women's attitudes.

This paper examines a number of demographic and sociocultural factors (e.g., age, marital status, family size, religion, religious assiduity, sex-role ideology) as predictors of women's attitudes toward abortion, using data from the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. The findings suggest that women's abortion attitudes are to a greater extent based on ideological positions. It appears that anti-abortion stance affects those women who are religious, presumably by increasing the relationship between their general sex-role ideological stances and abortion attitudes. Abortion attitudes also vary according to a woman's education, her size, and province/region of residence.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Do intentions predict fertility? The experience in Taiwan, 1967-74.

Are responses to survey questions about desire for additional children useful in predicting future fertility? Data from Taiwan covering the years 1967--74, a period of rapid fertility decline and increasing contraceptive practice, indicate that reproductive intentions and contraceptive use were very good predictors of subsequent fertility. Whether more children were wanted was itself the most important determinant of contraceptive use. Aggregate consistency between attitudes and behavior was higher than found in US surveys during the same period. Similar studies are needed to determine whether statements of intentions have predictive value in other settings as well.

Adolescent↗