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34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Calystegine distribution in some solanaceous species.

The distribution of eight calystegines (A(3), A(5), B(1), B(2), B(3), B(4), C(1) and N(1)) and their content was investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in Datura metel, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus albus, Mandragora autumnalis, Solanum sodomaeum, Withania somnifera, Withania frutescens and Brunfelsia nitida. The most frequently encountered calystegines were A(3), B(1), B(2) and B(3), while distribution of N(1) and C(1) was more limited. In all the investigated samples, calystegines A(5) and B(4) were never detected. This report focuses for the first time on calystegines in Withania and Brunfelsia genera and in Mandragora autumnalis and Solanum sodomaeum species.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1997

Mandrake toxicity. A case of mistaken identity.

A 31-year-old man ingested an unknown amount of mandrake plant purchased at a local health food store and came to the emergency department with severe nausea and vomiting. He was hospitalized overnight but recovered uneventfully without obvious adverse systemic effects. This plant was almost certainly Podophyllum peltatum based on chromatographic identification of podophyllotoxin in a sample. However, the patient had mistakenly believed he was taking the anticholinergic and hallucinatory plant Mandragora officinarum, which is also known as mandrake. Other users of herbal substances and authors of the medical literature have also confused these 2 versions of mandrake. Given the growing popularity of alternative therapies, physicians should understand the distinction between these substances and should be aware of the medical effects of other commonly used herbal remedies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Solanaceae as medicinal plants in Israel.

In a recent survey, 106 local healers in Israel were interviewed concerning the use of Solanaceae as medicinal plants. The main findings reveal that: (a) only four species (Lycium europeaum, Solanum nigrum, Hyoscyamus aureus, Hyoscyamus albus) are extensively used today; (b) the use of some traditional plants has been almost abandoned (Datura spp., Mandragora autumnalis, Withania somnifera); (c) today all the plants are applied externally, they are rarely used as narcotics; (d) most use of these plants is local, only in a few cases is a uniform use found throughout the whole country, and in all ethnic groups; (e) the extensive distribution of modern, safe narcotics, sedatives and anaesthetics has reduced the use of the Solanaceae for these purposes.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed2006

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Ajloun Heights region.

The study of local knowledge about natural resources is becoming increasingly important in defining strategies and actions for conservation of medicinal plants. This study therefore sought to collect information from local population concerning the use of Ajloun Heights region medicinal plants; identify the most important species used; determine the relative importance of the species surveyed and calculate the informant consensus factor (ICF) in relation to medicinal plant use. Data collection relied predominantly on qualitative tools to record the interviewee's personal information and topics related to the medicinal use of specific plants. Our results revealed that 46 plant species grown in the study region are still in use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Most of the locals interviewed dealt with well-known safe medicinal plants such as Achillea falcata, Matricaria aurea, Majorana syriaca, Allium sativum and Allium cepa. The use of moderately unsafe or toxic plants was noted to be practiced by practitioners and herbalists rather than the locals. These plants include Ecballium elaterium, Euphorbia hierosolymitana, Mandragora autumnalis and Citrullus colocynthis. Kidney problems scored the highest ICF while Crocus hyemalis was the plant of highest use value. Searching the literature evidenced some concordance with the solicited plant uses mentioned by the informants.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Management of childhood diseases in the Byzantine period: I -- analgesia.

Evidence on the use of pain relievers for medical purposes in childhood was traced in medical treatises during Byzantine times (4th to 15th century ad). The texts of Aetius, Paulus Aeginitis, Orivasios and others strongly reveal influences from ancient Greek medicine. Greek physicians of the times, who helped the medical thinking of antiquity to stay alive, used opium with mandragoras, hyoscyamos and other sedative herbs to produce a kind of anesthetic state and to relieve pain. However, in children's cases they chose to selectively use substances in more standardized quantities, mainly in mixtures. Less aggressive methods such as warm baths, or appropriate food were highly respected by them and recommended for the treatment of sick children.

Analgesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sacred journey in dynastic Egypt: shamanistic trance in the context of the narcotic water lily and the mandrake.

Contemporary reference to the role of water lilies and mandrakes (Nymphaea and Mandragora, respectively) in ancient Egyptian healing, and subsequent research on the iconography of the water lily in Mayan shamanistic ritual, suggest the possible importance of these plants as adjuncts to shamanistic healing in dynastic Egypt. Although the usual interpretation of the water lily and the mandrake has been that of a part of ritual mourning, the present article revises this notion. Based on an extensive review of these two powerful narcotic (i.e., hypnotic) plants in iconography and ritual, it is argued that the dynastic Egyptians had developed a form of shamanistic trance induced by these two plants and used it in medicine as well as healing rituals. Analysis of the ritual and sacred iconography of dynastic Egypt, as seen on stelae, in magical papyri, and on vessels, indicates that these people possessed a profound knowledge of plant lore and altered states of consciousness. The abundant data indicate that the shamanistic priest, who was highly placed in the stratified society, guided the souls of the living and dead, provided for the transmutation of souls into other bodies and the personification of plants as possessed by human spirits, as well as performing other shamanistic activities.

Egypt, Ancient↗
PubMed1986

Immunochemical comparison of glutamine synthetases from some solanaceae plants.

The presence of different glutamine synthetase isoenzymes in different Solanaceae plants and their relative antigenicities against antiglutamine synthetase from tomato leaf serum were studied. All the plants tested showed one glutamine synthetase isoenzyme except for Mandragora autumnalis, which showed two, after discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and specific in situ assay. Antigenicities were compared by the double immunodiffusion technique. The Nicotiana glauca enzyme showed equal reactivity to that of Lycopersicon esculentum, but its antigenicity was higher than Withania frutescens, Datura stramonium, and Hyoscyamus niger. The study of relative antigenicities permitted differentiation of the glutamine synthetase enzymes from uncultivated species of Solanaceae.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Anesthetic and analgesic practices in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine.

Anesthetic and analgesic practices during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are presented from a translation of the relevant sections of the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna (980-1037) one of the most widely read and authoritative textbooks of the period. Avicenna described tracheotomy, oropharyngeal intubation and a method for clearing upper airway secretions for the treatment of stridor and respiratory distress. He also identified certain plants with pharmacological action such as mandragora or nightshade, opium and henbane and gives various recipes for inducing both anesthesia and analgesia before surgery.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2006

Some observations on early military anaesthesia.

Although anaesthesia was discovered in 1846, pain relief had been used for many years previously. Opium, mandragora, and Indian hemp amongst others have been used since the earliest times as alluded to by many of the classical writers. The use of refrigeration anaesthesia is known to have been recommended a millennium ago although it never had much usage. Very soon after the introduction of ether anaesthesia, it was recommended for military use and the first use by the American forces was in Buena Vista early in 1847 and then again at Vera Cruz. Pirogoff taught and used ether anaesthesia on active service with the Russian forces in the Caucasus in the summer of 1847. Meanwhile Spencer Wells, who was serving with the Royal Navy in Malta, was the first British service medical officer recorded to have used anaesthesia. He went on to write up a series of 106 anaesthetics. The Danes were probably next to use anaesthesia in battle using chloroform in 1848. However, it was not until the Crimean War that anaesthesia began to play an important part in battle surgery with many anaesthetics being given with varying results. The War of the Rebellion was the next war in which anaesthesia was important and the first one in which proper statistics were kept allowing useful analysis. Anaesthesia had irrevocably found its place in battlefield surgery.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurological syndromes linked with the intake of plants and fungi containing a toxic component (I). Neurotoxic syndromes caused by the ingestion of plants, seeds and fruits].

INTRODUCTION: A wide range of plants, seeds and fruits used for nutritional and medicinal purposes can give rise to neurotoxic symptoms. DEVELOPMENT: We review the neurological pathology associated with the acute or chronic consumption of plants, seeds and fruits in human beings and in animals. Of the plants that can trigger acute neurotoxic syndromes in humans, some of the most notable include Mandragora officinalis, Datura stramonium, Conium maculatum (hemlock), Coriaria myrtifolia (redoul), Ricinus communis, Gloriosa superba, Catharanthus roseus, Karwinskia humboldtiana and Podophyllum pelatum. We also survey different neurological syndromes linked with the ingestion of vegetable foodstuffs that are rich in cyanogenic glycosides, Jamaican vomiting sickness caused by Blighia sapida, Parkinson dementia ALS of Guam island and exposition to Cycas circinalis, Guadeloupean parkinsonism and exposition to Annonaceae, konzo caused by ingestion of wild manioc and neurolathyrism from ingestion of Lathyrus sativus, the last two being models of motor neurone disease. Locoism is a chronic disease that develops in livestock feeding on plants belonging to Astragalus and Oxytropis sp., Sida carpinifolia and Ipomea carnea, which are rich in swainsonine, a toxin that inhibits the enzyme alpha mannosidase and induces a cerebellar syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The ingestion of neurotoxic seeds, fruits and plants included in the diet and acute poisoning by certain plants can give rise to different neurological syndromes, some of which are irreversible.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast DNA of 18 Solanaceae species].

Chloroplast DNA of 18 Solanaceae species classified into 9 different tribes was analyzed using combined amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. UPGMA phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the observed data set. In general, the conclusions of this study confirmed the morphology-based classification of these species. Cluster analysis has placed Mandragora into a monophiletic branch and grouped Schizantus and Capsicum into the independent clusters.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Anticholinergic poisoning due to Chinese herbal medicines.

Serious poisoning may occur following the consumption of Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) containing anticholinergics. The great majority of cases are probably related to the use of yangjinhua, the dried flower of Datura metel L, for treating bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pains and flu symptoms. In some cases the use of CHM contaminated by atropine-like substances or fake herbs were suspected. Some ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparations might have been adulterated with Mandragora officinarum (scopolamine) and other herbs.

Cholinergic Antagonists↗
PubMed2003

Myths and mandrakes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed2002

[The Mandragore].

The medicine of today has been evaluated as the inheritance of the Mediterranean civilization of which fundamental sources date back even to the Sumerian and the Mesopotamian medicine. It is necessary to start with those ancient cultures for researching historically the adventure of medicinal drugs utilized in medicine at present. As a matter of fact, on the basis of the pharmaceutical books it was referred to, the research of mandragore's use in medicine throughout the history serves as a good example to that aim.

History, 15th Century↗