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PubMedDate not supplied

[The potentials for the balneotherapy of obesity using arsenic-containing mineral water].

Arsenic mineral water from the Sinegorsk springs was tried in the treatment of experimental alimentary obesity in rat Wistar males and patients with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Body mass, blood lipids, hepatic neutral lipids, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase were measured. Arsenic mineral water proved able to reduce excessive body mass, correct blood lipid spectrum, normalize metabolic processes in the liver. Thus, arsenic mineral water can be used in balneotherapy of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Microbiological safety of natural mineral water.

Natural mineral water originates from groundwater, an oligotrophic ecosystem where the level of organic matter is low and of a very limited bioavailability. The bacterial populations that evolve in these ecosystems are heterotrophic and in starvation-survival state resulting from an insufficient amount of nutrients; for this reason they enter a viable but non-culturable state. After bottling, the number of viable counts increases rapidly, attaining 10(4)-10(5) colony-forming units ml(-1) within 3-7 days. These bacterial communities, identified by culture or with specific probes, are primarily aerobic, saprophytic, Gram-negative rods. Groundwater sources for natural mineral waters are selected such that they are not vulnerable to fecal contamination. Ecological data, especially the diversity and physiological properties of bacterial communities, are essential together with epidemiological studies in order to perform a risk analysis for natural mineral waters. On a continuing basis, the management of microbial risks has to rely on assessment of the heterotrophic plate count and, more specially, on detection of marker organisms, i.e. the classic fecal contamination indicators that have to be absent, and vulnerability indicators for which the occurrence should be as low as possible. It is also recommended to search regularly, but not routinely, for viral and protozoan pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Survey of strontium in mineral waters sold in Japan: relations of strontium to other minerals and evaluation of mineral water as a possible dietary source of strontium.

The concentrations of strontium, calcium, and magnesium in 33 brands of natural mineral waters commercially available in Japan were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The geometric mean values were 94.4 microg/L for strontium, 19.1 mg/L for calcium, and 2.82 mg/L for magnesium. Wide confidence intervals of 1.96-4539 microg/L for strontium, 0.865-421 mg/L for calcium, and 0.064-123 mg/L for magnesium were observed. The significant linear relationships among the three elements over a wide distribution range suggest that the synchronized variations of these elements are regulated by the natural ecosystem and not from accidental contamination from human activities or exceptionally high natural sources. Using the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the strontium concentration can be predicted by that of calcium with the appropriate power function. The results of this study suggest that mineral water can be an important nutritional source of strontium. As trace elements imbalance is often found in older patients with chronic renal failure, we propose that close attention of trace elements intake from trendy foods or beverages is necessary to prevent this hidden problem of a rapidly aging society.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmaco-toxicological screening of commercially available Italian natural mineral waters.

The consumption of natural mineral water has increased enormously during the past few years, yet doubts are arising about the real utility of using such water instead of ordinary drinking water (tap water). Mineral water's 'special' mineral composition might have properties favourable to health, which should be assessed by clinical and pharmacological analyses. A comparative pharmaco-toxicological study was performed on 14 commercially available Italian natural mineral waters with a wide range of mineral content. The waters were microbiologically analysed and the Allium cepa test done; in addition, Irwin, charcoal meal and diuresis tests were also performed on laboratory animals. No toxicological signs were recorded at the Allium cepa assay for any but the water with the highest mineral content. The diuretic effect was comparable to that of control tap water. Waters with high magnesium content significantly enhanced intestinal motility while at the Irwin test none of the water samples evoked behavioural changes. All the tested samples were microbiologically pure. In conclusion, mineral water can be an alternative to aqueduct water in places where the latter comes from superficial water and has to be subjected to hard potabilisation techniques; water from the 'Acqua Marcia' aqueduct (control) was found to have characteristics comparable to the mineral waters studied.

Allium↗
PubMed1979

Scientific basis for the study of demineralization of highly mineralized water for use in public water supply systems.

New criteria (full physiological value and preservation of the properties of drinking water) are scientifically substantiated. Also discussed are indices (minimal admissible and optimal levels of basic water mineralization and calcium content, standards of microelements such as boron and bromine content, content of individual groups of microorganisms, water temperature) for evaluating the quality of demineralized water obtained from brackish and briny water (including water from the sea and ocean) by various methods which are designed for public water supply systems. Research results served as the scientific hygiene basis for the development of a new technology of obtaining drinking water. The necessity for developing a special quality standard for demineralized drinking water is shown.

International Cooperation↗
PubMed1992

Study of the bacterial flora of a non-carbonated natural mineral water.

Natural mineral water from a UK spring was monitored at various stages after it was pumped from the ground, through to bottling and during shelf life before consumption. Samples were collected in commercial PVC bottles, in PVC bottles previously sterilized and hand-filled and in glass bottles. The bacterial flora was counted on plate count agar (PCA) and on PCA diluted 10 times (PCA/10). The predominant bacteria were identified to genus level. Growth rates and nutrient types of isolates were determined by the nutrient-tolerance test (NT). The plate counts at the pre-bottling stage were low. During storage larger numbers of bacteria grew in glass than PVC bottles; the largest number grew in PVC bottles filled by hand. Most of the pigmented bacteria isolated were oligocarbotolerant.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

[Viability and properties of cholera vibrios cultivated in mineral water].

Samples of mineral water from thermal spas of "Matsesta" health resorts were infected with cholera vibrio strains. In nonsterile mineral water diluted with distilled water 1 : 2, 1 : 4, and 1 : 8 and stored at 37 degrees C survival periods of cholera vibrio constituted 289 days for classic biotype, and 413 days for El Tor biotype. In boiled mineral water stored at 20-24 degrees C this period was 1429 days for both biotypes. Prolonged cultivation of cholera vibrios in mineral water had no effect on biochemical and serological properties, as well as on cholera phage and antibiotic sensitivity, but there occurred dissociation of the strains into S- and R-forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A simple nutrient-tolerance (NT) test for the characterization of the different types of oligocarbotolerant and oligocarbophile water bacteria from non-carbonated mineral water.

Comparative determination of the specific growth kinetics in mineral water and low and higher concentrated broths at 20 degrees C of 25 selected Gram-negative bacteria isolated from natural non-carbonated mineral water yielded three groups: (1) facultative oligocarbotolerants--with faster growth in normal broth (In g l-1: yeast extract 2.5; casein peptone 5.0; glucose 1.0); (2) obligate oligocarbotolerants--with equal rates of growth in normal and 1:10 diluted broth; and (3) oligocarbophiles--with faster growth in 1:10 diluted broth and in mineral water. In addition, three nutrient types, 'eu-, meso- and oligotrophic' could be distinguished on the basis of full, weak and no growth in brain-heart infusion broth. Further characterization was made between slow and very slow growth types in 1:10 diluted broth. All 25 isolates were psychrotrophic with a minimum growth temperature below 0 degree C. The optimum and maximum temperatures of growth in 1:10 diluted broth, as determined in a temperature gradient incubator were between 20 and 32, and between 29 and 34 degrees C with an average of 26 and 31 degrees C, respectively. Based on these results a very simple nutrient-tolerance test was proposed. After inoculation of the three media, 1:10 diluted broth, normal broth and brain-heart infusion, it is only necessary to check whether or when visible turbidity occurs during 2 weeks incubation at 20 degrees C. This allows additional characterization of bacteria from natural mineral water, which are often difficult to identify, on the basis of growth characteristics in various types of nutrient media.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

[Considerations on critics towards conditioned waters (drinking water in general and particularly mineral water) especially from the microbiological point of view].

After having precised what has incited to extend our considerations reported at the International Congress on Microbiology for Mineral Waters to all the conditioned waters, in a "first part" we have examined the drawbacks imputed to the water itself. a) In a first analytical chapter, we have made the schedule and the critical examination of the different reproaches given to conditioned waters on considering successively: 1) Special drawbacks (although these are of an other category than microbiology) which were given, whichever type of supply (loose, at the tap, or splitted up when the water is conditioned), to some categories of waters (carbonated and mineral) because of their nature by the fact that these waters do not show the charactheristics of potability with regard to the legislation and administration. This examination leads to eliminate those reproaches because the consumer knows to which he is exposed, being forewarned: -when he is using mineral water at the cure-resort, by the thermal consultant who is watching over him, -when he is using one or the other of the conditioned waters, -either by the medical practictioner, who should give him the contre-indicates; -either by indicating on the label, if not the contre-indicates (like we would hope that they figure on), at least the composition (which now figures within the EEC).

Food Inspection↗