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PubMed2006

Study of the ITS region in an atypical isolate and comparison with six species of Microsporum.

Microsporum species are a frequent cause of cutaneous mycoses in humans. Atypical strains of Microsporum can sometimes be difficult to identify with conventional methods. Recently, we have obtained a Microsporum isolate with atypical morphology and special nutritional requirements (Microsporum CHUS-126-02). As several molecular techniques have been developed for the identification of fungi, we analysed six Microsporum species (M. canis, M. gypseum, M. gallinae, M. nanum, M. ferrugineum and M. persicolor) in order to compare them with our isolate, by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA). We studied the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions from the nuclear DNA encoding for the ribosomal domain. Digestion with MvaI and EcoRI endonucleases obtained specific patterns for M. gypseum, M. gallinae, M. nanum and M. persicolor. Microsporum canis, M. ferrugineum and Microsporum CHUS-126-02 yielded the same patterns. Based on these results and phenotypic criteria, we classified our atypical isolate as M. canis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microsporum canis mycetoma of the scalp].

BACKGROUND: Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous tumefaction with presence of grains or granules. Etiological agents include bacteria or filamentous fungi. Mycetoma due to dermatophytes is uncommon, mainly occurring in Africa. To our knowledge, no case has been reported in the West Indies. Only two observations of Micosporum canis mycetoma in humans have been reported in the literature. We report a third case of mycetoma of the scalp caused by this fungus. CASE REPORT: A 22-year-old woman from Martinique, French West Indies, presented with an indolent tumefaction of the scalp evolving over five years. She had mental retardation due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The lesion was extracted surgically. Pathology and mycology examinations showed features of Microsporum canis mycetoma. Two months later, the scalp lesion recurred and the patient was treated with griseofulvin after surgical extraction. DISCUSSION: Mycetoma due to dermatophytes is very uncommon, mainly observed on the scalp and nape of the neck. A history of a skin lesion is frequent, leading to transcutaneous penetration of the fungus and mycetoma formation. Several dermatophyte species have been identified as causal agents (Microsporum ferrugineum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum langeronii). Microsporum canis is rarely demonstrated in humans: two cases in children in Africa and Australia. Our observation was similar to the two cases in the literature: indolent and mobile tumefaction of the scalp, in a child or young adult, suggestive of lipoma or epidermal cyst, with excision leading to diagnosis. Association with tinea capitis and skin or nail involvement can also be observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiation of Microsporum species by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and southern hybridization analyses.

Molecular characterization of 18 species belonging to the genus Microsporum isolated from human and animal dermatophytosis was carried out by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Southern hybridization analyses. All of these 18 Microsporum species showed different band patterns specific to each species in RAPD analysis. Southern hybridization analysis using C3 probe derived from a RAPD band from Arthroderma otae, teleomorph of M. canis, revealed distinct bands in 14 of the 18 Microsporum species but not in the other four species. The sizes of the hybridized bands of the 14 species were specific to each species, except three species (A. otae, M. equinum and M. ferrugineum) showing bands of the same size. These findings indicate that the RAPD and the Southern hybridization analyses could be effective to differentiate the species of Microsporum.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of microsporum dermatomycoses in Szczecin, its terrain and regions in the years 1985-1988].

The retrospective analysis of M. canis infections in Szczecin and its region, and the comparison with other dermatomycoses are presented. The study comprised two groups of patients: 450 patients diagnosed between January 1985--December 1988 to have microsporum infections, and 449 patients with the diagnosis of dermatomycosis made between January 1986--December 1988. Data collected in form of patients personal cards were subsequently analysed with the use of standard statistical methods. Most of cases of M. canis infections occurred in females younger than 14 years, while the preponderance of adult males was observed among patients with other dermatomycoses. In patients with microsporum infections, skin lesions were most commonly located on the face, limbs and chest as well as on the scalp in children. In patients with other dermatomycoses, skin lesions were placed on feet, inter-hallux spaces and toe nails. Infected animals, especially stray cats, less frequently dogs, played an important role in the spread of microsporum infections. The disease was characterized by the seasonal pattern with the peak incidence between August and December. The rising number of microsporum infection with clinical picture and animal sources of infection, distinctive from other dermatomycoses, is currently observed in Szczecin and its region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Short duration treatment with terbinafine for tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton or Microsporum species. The Study Group.

Thirty-five patients with mycologically proven scalp infections were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial with oral terbinafine (dose adjusted according to patient weight) for either 1 or 2 weeks. Patients were observed for 12 weeks; after 4 weeks, non-responders were offered an additional 4 weeks of treatment followed by a second observation period. The causative organisms were Microsporum canis (n = 12), Trichophyton tonsurans (n = 12) and other Trichophyton spp. (n = 11). The Trichophyton infections were treated effectively in five of nine (56%) patients treated for 1 week and 12 of 14 (86%) patients treated for 2 weeks. Three of the non-responders were treated for an additional 4 weeks, and one responded. In the Microsporum group only one of seven patients treated for 1 week and none of five treated for 2 weeks responded. However, treatment was effective in four of six (66%) patients treated for an additional 4 weeks. Mild to moderate adverse events believed to be drug related occurred in four patients in each of the two groups. Terbinafine is well tolerated, and requires 2 weeks of treatment in most patients with Trichophyton scalp infections and 4 weeks or more in Microsporum scalp infections, to achieve a successful clinical and mycological response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, duration-finding study of oral terbinafine and open-label, high-dose griseofulvin in children with tinea capitis due to Microsporum species.

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis, a common clinical pattern of dermatophyte infection in children is becoming a public health hazard in some countries. Several studies have reported terbinafine to be a safe and well-tolerated fungicidal drug for the treatment of this infection. However, the optimal treatment duration for its use in the treatment of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum species has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE: (i) To establish the optimal duration for terbinafine treatment to bring about complete cure of tinea capitis due to Microsporum infection in a large paediatric population, and (ii) to obtain information on the maximum therapeutic effect of the existing therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This parallel-group, double-blind, multicentre study was conducted in Europe and South America. Patients were randomized to one of four oral terbinafine treatment arms (6, 8, 10 or 12 weeks treatment) or to an open label, 12-week, high-dose griseofulvin (20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) arm at a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio. All patients were followed up for 4 weeks after the end of the treatment phase. RESULTS: In this group of 134 intention-to-treat patients, effective treatment was observed at the end of study in 62% of patients treated with terbinafine for 6 weeks and in 63% treated for 8 weeks. Mycological cure was obtained in 59% and 57%, respectively, and clinical cure in 76% and 80%. In the griseofulvin group, effective treatment was 88%, mycological cure was 76% and clinical cure 96%. However, these high rates were believed to be due to the high dosage of this drug and the prolonged course of treatment. Complete cure was observed at the end of study in 62% patients treated with terbinafine for 6 weeks, in 60% treated for 8 weeks and in 84% patients treated with griseofulvin for 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no statistical trend between the duration of terbinafine treatment within the groups for complete cure at the end of study, there was a positive correlation between the daily dose of terbinafine (mg x kg(-1)) and complete cure. Terbinafine therapy for 6 weeks could represent an alternative to griseofulvin for the treatment of Microsporum tinea capitis. However, further clinical trials are required in order to optimize the dose regimen to allow higher cure rates to be reached.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Flurbiprofen, a unique non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species.

AIMS: The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of flurbiprofen against dermatophytes like Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species. METHODS AND RESULTS: Susceptibility tests were performed against dermatophytes like Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species by the microbroth dilution method. Among the dermatophytes tested, Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species are remarkably susceptible to this compound (MIC(50): 8-16 microg ml(-1)). A yeast pathogen, Candida albicans, and a bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, are also susceptible to flurbiprofen. CONCLUSIONS: Flurbiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound with strong antifungal activity, which is not found in two well known and medically used antifungal organic acids like benzoic and salicylic acids. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present action of flurbiprofen on microbes indicates its future prospects as an antimicrobial agent against dermatophytes and yeast pathogens. However, in view of the anti-inflammatory property of flurbiprofen, its antifungal action may provide an additional advantage for use as a skin ointment.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

In vitro susceptibility of Microsporum canis and other dermatophyte isolates from veterinary infections during therapy with terbinafine or griseofulvin.

We investigated the in vitro activity of terbinafine against fresh veterinary isolates of Microsporum canis and the potential of this organism to develop resistance in vivo during oral therapy. Dermatophyte cultures (n = 300) were obtained from naturally infected cats and dogs undergoing oral therapy with terbinafine or griseofulvin. M. canis comprised 92% of isolates; other species included Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of terbinafine and griseofulvin were determined by broth macrodilution assay. Terbinafine was highly active against all three species with MIC90< or =0.03 microg ml(-1), in agreement with published data. However, terbinafine exhibited primary cidal activity against 66% of Microsporum isolates (n = 275) in contrast to the almost complete cidal effect in Trichophyton (n = 18). Griseofulvin was significantly less active than terbinafine (MIC90 = 4 microg ml(-1)) but had a primary cidal action on about 40% of the isolates. The data were analysed for changes in MIC and MFC during the course of therapy, which could be indicative for development of acquired resistance. Oral treatment of 37 animals with terbinafine for up to 39 weeks caused no increase in MIC or MFC of terbinafine, either in individual patients or in the whole group.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of Microsporum spp. tinea capitis with pulsed oral terbinafine.

Oral terbinafine is widely used in the treatment of superficial dermatomycoses as well as subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. It is also useful in treating tinea capitis, although for Microsporum canis and some ectothrix organisms, the effectiveness of the drug may be less than for some endothrix infections. In this study, we undertook a double-blind randomized trial comparing standard and double doses of terbinafine given in a pulsed protocol (1 week on, 3 weeks off) in treating Microsporum spp. tinea capitis in 42 individuals. We found that pulsed terbinafine at a higher dose did not improve treatment efficacy. However, our data clearly demonstrated that the duration of treatment is an important factor in determining clinical outcome and cure. Two pulses of standard dose terbinafine were found to be sufficient for treating most cases of Microsporum spp. tinea capitis, although additional treatment (a third pulse) may be needed if clinical improvement is not evident at 8 weeks after initiating therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Microsporum canis with polymorphous macroconidia.

An atypical strain of Microsporum canis was isolated in our laboratory, which was characterized by a variety of polymorphous macroconidia. These are demonstrated by illustrations. Based on our observation and literature, the relationship between Microsporum canis and Microsporum distortum is discussed. Epidemiologic aspects are mentioned.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Wood's light in Microsporum canis positive patients.

In 64 patients with culturally proven Microsporum canis infections, Wood's light examination was performed. In 30 patients (47%) the characteristic fluorescence correlated with the cultural findings, whereas in the remaining 34 patients (53%), Microsporum canis was isolated, although Wood's light examination was negative. Of the 30 positive and 34 negative cases eight patients of each group had been pre-treated. From the results presented, Wood's light examination has a poor sensitivity in cases of Microsporum canis-infections.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tinea capitis due to Microsporum gypseum in an adult.

A case of tinea capitis due to Microsporum gypseum in an adult is described. An otherwise healthy 69-year-old woman presented two large patches of slightly erythematous scaling alopecia localized on the vertex and on the left parietal region of the scalp. The only subjective sign was itching. A mycological culture was positive for Microsporum gypseum. Tinea capitis is uncommon in adults; furthermore, isolation of Microsporum gypseum from this type of lesion is rare.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Fluconazole in the treatment of pediatric tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis.

Fluconazole has been shown to be effective in the treatment of fungal scalp infections in children; however, there is limited experience of its use in Microsporum scalp infections. We studied 11 children with tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis who received oral fluconazole at a dose of 5-7.5 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Mycological cure was observed in two of the 11 patients at week 4 from the start of therapy, in four patients at week 8 and in three patients at week 16. One of the remaining patients had positive mycology at week 8, but was unavailable for further evaluation. Fluconazole was effective in treating pediatric tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis and was well tolerated. Clinical and mycological response was achieved in some patients weeks after the cessation of the administration of fluconazole.

Adolescent↗