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PubMed1993

The influence of spring and summer New England meteorologic conditions on the respiratory status of patients with chronic lung disease.

To determine whether meteorologic conditions affect the respiratory status of individuals with chronic lung disease, we asked 14 patients who had completed outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation to record the following information daily during the spring and summer of 1991: (1) dyspnea on arising (morning dyspnea); (2) dyspnea throughout the day (daytime dyspnea); (3) peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR); (4) mood; and (5) the presence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI). The effect of local meteorologic conditions and LRI frequency on morning and daytime dyspnea, PEFR, and mood were analyzed for spring and summer seasons using a linear regression technique that controlled for first-order autocorrelation. The LRI frequency and the preceding day's respiratory status were the most significant predictors of either season's daily variation in respiratory status. During spring, the only meteorologic condition associated with respiratory status was precipitation: rainfall was directly related to increased morning and daytime dyspnea. Meteorologic conditions were not related to changes in PEFR or mood. During summer, the combination of higher temperature, rise in barometric pressure, and increased LRI frequency best predicted increased morning dyspnea, while the combination of higher temperature and rise in barometric pressure best predicted reduced PEFR. Meteorologic conditions were not related to changes in daytime dyspnea or mood. Precipitation in spring and a combination of high temperature and rise in barometric pressure in summer best predicted deterioration in the respiratory status of this group of patients with chronic lung disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Effect of meteorological parameters on acute laryngitis in adults.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of weather conditions on the frequency of acute laryngitis in adults. The medical records of 825 patients with a diagnosis of acute laryngitis obtained over a 5-year period were reviewed. Meteorological data reviewed included the daily values of 13 parameters. The monthly distribution of the disease was assessed. In addition, a detailed 2-part statistical analysis was performed as follows: (i) the relationship between each meteorological parameter and the frequency of the disease was investigated, using contingency tables; and (ii) the 1825-day period was divided into 8 groups characterized by similar weather, using factor and cluster analysis, and the disease frequency in each group was assessed. Our observations were as follows: 1. Meteorological parameters, such as low temperature, low diurnal temperature range, low atmospheric pressure and low mean water vapor pressure, were associated with an increased occurrence of acute laryngitis. 2. Significant changes in maximum temperature or a significant drop in atmospheric pressure, as compared to the previous day's conditions, favored new cases of the disease. 3. The cold period of the year was associated with an almost two-fold increase in the frequency of disease cases, which peaked in March and reaching a minimum during August. 4. The peak frequency of cases was associated with winter weather conditions, which were characterized by high humidity readings. In conclusion, meteorological parameters, and their variation and covariation, are strongly associated with acute laryngitis in adults.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Trends in meteorologically adjusted ozone concentrations in six Kentucky metro areas, 1998-2002.

Meteorologically adjusted ozone (O3) concentrations during five recent O3 seasons (1998-2002) were computed for six Kentucky metro areas using a nonlinear regression model originally developed for forecasting ground-level O3 concentrations. The meteorological adjustment procedure was based on modifying actual measured O3 concentrations according to model-predicted responses to climate departures with respect to a reference year. For all six Kentucky metro areas, meteorologically adjusted O3 concentrations declined over the five-year period. The linear best-fit rate of decline in mean adjusted O3 concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 2.6 ppb/yr for these metro areas; the average rate of decline was 1.6 ppb/yr. The rates of decline in meteorologically adjusted extreme value (e.g., 95th percentile) concentrations were approximately the same, but there is greater statistical uncertainty concerning the extreme value trends.

Cities↗
PubMed2001

Estimation of atmospheric mixing heights using data from airport meteorological stations.

In this study, ground and sounding meteorological data at the Beijing Airport during 1991 to 1995 were used for estimating the local atmospheric mixing heights. Three methods were compared for this purpose, including the dry adiabatic method, the Nozaki model, and a modified Nozaki model. The modification of the Nozaki model included joint frequencies for wind-velocity and stability based on the complexities of local meteorological conditions. The estimated values from the three methods were verified through the data measured by the Beijing Meteorological Center. The results indicated that the dry adiabatic method has the best performance. The modified Nozaki model was better than the commonly used. This study is a new attempt in utilizing airport meteorological data to estimate atmospheric mixing heights.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of meteorological factors on the 3,4-benzpyrene concentrations in the ground air layer in the region of the city of Sofia].

An investigation is performed to determine 3,4-benzpyrene content in the Sofia area (in a single spot), covering a one-year period (1970), on the basis of mean monthly concentrations established through gas chromatography, and compared to some of the averaged meteorologic data. The correlation between 3,4-benzpyrene concentrations and some meteorologic factors found is corroborated by the clearcut seasonal fluctuations of 3,4-benzpyrene concentrations in the atmospheric air. An inversely proportional dependence is established of 3,4-benzpyrene concentration to the summed up radiation, and directly proportional--to the dust amount. A rise of 3,4-benzpyrene concentration under conditions of the various types of temperature inversions, and a complex effect of meteorologic factors have been also noted. Moreover, an attempt is made at establishing the washing effect of rainfalls, and it has been found that up to a certain extent, such an effect really exists. The study performed shows in a clearcut manner that 3,4-benzpyrene content is considerably influenced by a variety of meteorologic factors.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ Role of meteorological factors in the formation of the plant nitrate pool].

Meteorological conditions during the period of plant vegetation make the greatest contribution to the formation of the plant nitrate pool. Nitrate nitrogen is accumulated at high concentrations during sunless, cold years. The weather conditions of the last five to ten days of plant vegetation determine nitrate accumulation. The meteorological conditions during the entire period of vegetation determine the increase in the content of nitrates due to nitrogen fertilizers. The effect of meteorological conditions is especially pronounced in low fertility soils and upon introduction of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers. The reaction of plants to unfavorable meteorological conditions greatly varies with reference to their biological and genotypical specificity.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed2003

[Study on meteorological factors-based neural network model of malaria].

OBJECTIVE: In order to provide reliable data for strategies development on prevention, a meteorological factors-based predicating model for malaria forecast was studied. METHODS: Data on malaria occurrence and climate changes from 1994 to 1999 in counties in Yunnan province was collected and analyzed with software packages of FoxPro 6.0 and Excel 5.0. The forecasting model for malaria occurrence was established, using the Neural Network Toolbox of Matlab 6.1 software package. In the studies of forecasting model, data of malaria and meteorological factors from 1994 to 1999 in Honghe state in Yunnan province was chosen. The meteorological factors included average monthly pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, monthly maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, rainfall, rainday, evaporation and sunshine hours in the study. The established forecasting model was also tested and verified. RESULTS: The BP network model was established according to data of diseases and meteorological factors from Honghe state in Yunnan province. After training the neural network for 100 times, the error of performance decreased from 3.23608 to 0.035862. Verified by fact data of malaria, the efficiency of malaria forecasting was 84.85%. CONCLUSION: Neural network model was effective for forecasting malaria. It showed advantages as: strong ability for analysis, lower claim for data, convenient and easy to apply etc. Neural network model might be used as a new method for malaria forecasting.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Epidemiology of monosymptomatic optic neuritis in Rijeka County, Croatia: meteorological aspects.

In order to analyze the meteorological factors possibly influencing the monosymptomatic optic neuritis in Rijeka County, northwestern part of Croatia, retrospective analysis of all cases diagnosed in Rijeka County in period from 1977 to 2001, was done. Meteorological data on monthly and yearly temperature, humidity, insolation in Rijeka County were collected from Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. In the observed period there were 173 cases of monosymptomatic optic neuritis, female/male ratio was 1.66, and overall incidence was 2.18/100,000 inhabitants. There was no correlation of incidence with average yearly and monthly temperature, humidity, insolation, or month of birth. This is the first study on meteorological factors and optic neuritis in Croatia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Prediction of new outbreaks of myocardial infarction, based on a multivariate meteorological analysis].

In a previous paper, meteorological circumstances of myocardial infarctions, cerebrovascular attacks, and suicidal attempts were studied by a univariate method. The present work used the same clinical reports, collected by the Medical Emergency Assistance System (SAMU) in the Paris area from 1975 to 1977, but with multivariate calculations. 150 potential predictive indicators were submitted to "progressive ascending selection". Selected indicators were then combined into a composite index by "linear canonic discrimination". This index was tested in terms of successful prediction. The 150 indicators were: 1) meteorological variables, recorded at ground level, such as wind and temperature (expressed respectively in 28 and 24 ways), airpressure, moisture; 2) variables computed from data recorded in altitude; 3) pollutants; 4) non-meteorological indicators, such as day of the week, season, solar activity; 5) the "past of the predictand", i.e. the frequency of infarctions during the previous days; 6) types of weather, defined after confronting meteorological maps with clinical data. The coding of qualitative data required a new procedure. The event to be predicted, which occurred only one day a week, was an incidence of infarctions of at least twice the average. The percentage of successful prediction was 78.7%. The type of weather was by far the best indicator. Detrimental circumstances were changing weathers, with in the order of decreasing correlations, atmosphere fluxes coming from S-SE, E, SW, and NW. These results complete those of univariate analysis. They validate a simple and efficient predictive method, similar in its principle to that used in Germany.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed2000

Meteorological factors affecting daily urticaceae pollen counts in southwest Spain.

The influence of meteorological factors on daily Urticaceae pollen counts were studied in Córdoba (southwest Spain) in 1996 and 1997. The daily Urticaceae pollen concentrations were obtained by using a Hirst-type volumetric sampler, and meteorological data were obtained from the Córdoba airport, located near the sampling site. The highest correlation between pollen concentration and meteorological parameters was obtained during non-rainy seasons. Temperature was found to be the most important meteorological parameter influencing pollen counts in spring, as temperature is the main reason for the increase of pollen concentration in the atmosphere. In autumn, humidity was another important parameter influencing pollen counts. Rain, however, did not appear to be significant. The influence of the pollen concentration of the 2 previous days and the pollen concentration of the previous day has been studied. During periods with low precipitation, the pollen concentration of the previous day was a useful predictor of Urticaceae pollen concentrations for the following day.

Climate↗
PubMed2005

Fine particles and meteorological conditions are associated with lung function in children with asthma living near two power plants.

Fine particles are thought to pose a risk to health, especially for vulnerable groups such as children with asthma. These children are also known to be affected by meteorological and seasonal changes. We assessed the association between air pollution and lung function via peak expiratory flow (PEF), controlling for seasonal changes, meteorological conditions and personal physiological, clinical and sociodemographic measurements, in a panel of schoolchildren with asthma living near two power plants in Israel. Two hundred and eighty-five children with confirmed asthma performed PEF tests and completed a respiratory symptoms diary twice a day. Particulate matter <10 microm in diameter (PM10), particulate matter <2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) and meteorological conditions were measured at six fixed stations. Data were analysed using time series analysis-generalized linear model and generalized estimating equations. The models were built under the assumption that any health outcome belongs to a multivariate hierarchical system and depends on meteorological, geophysical and sociocultural variables and pollution factors. No significant differences were found in the demographic (age, gender, mean parental education level, parental smoking habits, place of birth and housing density), physiological (body mass index) and clinical factors (illness severity) between the communities participating in the study. A significant direct effect of PM2.5 on the PEF was found in Ashdod (P=0.000). In Sderot, this effect was through an interaction between PM10 and the sequential day of the year (P=0.000). The main conclusion of this study is that children with asthma are at risk from air pollution and geophysical conditions. Policy makers should take these results into consideration when setting thresholds for environmental protection.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Effects of meteorological conditions on aerosol composition and mixing state in Bakersfield, CA.

Particle and meteorological instrumentation were used to characterize ambient atmospheric conditions, aerosol size distributions, aerosol mass concentrations, and single particle size and chemical composition in Bakersfield, CA for the period January 9, 1999 through January 28, 1999. The sampling period included four distinct meteorological periods of stagnation, clearing, haze, and rain. Particle number and mass concentrations were the highest during the stagnation episode when a heavy and extensive fog developed. Mass and number concentrations also approached these high levels during the haze period. Single particle size and composition data from an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) are used to provide unique continuous information on the diversity in types of particles present, the effects of meteorology on particle size and composition, and the distribution of important chemical species within individual particles. Aerosol composition and mixing state are found to vary with meteorological conditions. Single particle data show that carbonaceous aerosol with secondary ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate dominate the aerosol concentration during a stagnation period with a dramatic composition shift occurring to sodium type particles during the haze period. The aerosol is internally mixed with respect to carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium during the stagnation period. The mixing state changes significantly over the haze period when much greater diversity in the associations of chemical species within individual particles occurs.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1999

Sudden death in school children: role of physical activities and meteorological conditions.

BACKGROUND: This current study is aimed at investigating the effect of physical activities and meteorological conditions on the sudden deaths of children without obvious causes at school. METHODS: The subjects are 76 victims of sudden death at school in the 12 years from 1983 to 1994 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The incidence of these sudden deaths is shown by month of the year, day of the week and hour of the day in relation to physical activities and meteorological factors. The analysis of Hayashi's quantitation type II was used for evaluation of the relationship between sudden deaths under the different physical conditions, such as sedentary (at rest or slow walking) or active (running, competitive sports or swimming) conditions, and meteorological or weather factors such as, season of the year, wind-chill factor, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity. RESULTS: Of 76 cases, 21 died suddenly under sedentary physical conditions and 55 under active conditions. The incidence of sudden death was highest from 10.00 to 11.00 h and on Thursday. Sudden death under sedentary conditions was associated with autumn and winter or with winter with high humidity and low atmospheric pressure. Sudden deaths during running were associated with spring with low humidity and high pressure and sudden deaths during competitive sports were associated with dry and cloudy weather. CONCLUSION: Sudden deaths in children at school may be associated with physical activities and meteorological conditions.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1991

Meteorological factors influencing host-seeking activity of female Simulium luggeri (Diptera: Simuliidae).

The influence of selected meteorological variables on host-seeking activity of parous and nulliparous female Simulium luggeri at cattle bait was studied in central Saskatchewan. Variability in the pattern of diurnal host-seeking probably was attributable to the secondary influence of meteorological parameters on endogenous rhythms that are primarily stimulated by illumination. Although some differences occurred, nulliparous and parous female S. luggeri activity was similarly influenced by the meteorological factors measured. The most important limiting factors were wind speeds greater than 15 km/h, followed by temperatures less than 20 degrees C. When values were outside of these thresholds, saturation deficit, cloud cover, barometric pressure, and illumination became influential. Parous S. luggeri appeared to be more tolerant of dry conditions than nulliparous individuals. Seasonal differences, site location (exposed versus protected), and varied interactions among environmental factors contributed to the inconsistent relationships among meteorological variables and black fly host-seeking activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Meteorologic influences on Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Highland Tea Estates of Kericho, Western Kenya.

Recent epidemics of Plasmodium falciparum malaria have been observed in high-altitude areas of East Africa. Increased malaria incidence in these areas of unstable malaria transmission has been attributed to a variety of changes including global warming. To determine whether the reemergence of malaria in western Kenya could be attributed to changes in meteorologic conditions, we tested for trends in a continuous 30-year monthly malaria incidence dataset (1966-1995) obtained from complete hospital registers at a Kenyan tea plantation. Contemporary monthly meteorologic data (1966-1995) that originated from the tea estate meteorologic station and from global climatology records were also tested for trends. We found that total hospital admissions (malaria and nonmalaria) remained unchanged while malaria admissions increased significantly during the period. We also found that all meteorologic variables showed no trends for significance, even when combined into a monthly suitability index for malaria transmission. We conclude that climate changes have not caused the highland malaria resurgence in western Kenya.

Altitude↗
PubMed1990

[Multivariate analysis of meteorological factors and evaluation of circadian rhythm: their relation to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction].

We statistically analysed the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to meteorology and circadian rhythm. The study subjects included 581 patients with AMI in Asahikawa observed for the last 10 years, and 177 in Yamagata observed for the past three years. Monthly fluctuations of AMI occurrence were not statistically significant. The expected frequency of AMI estimated by grading meteorological factors every 5 degrees C from maximum to minimum temperatures did not correlate with the real frequency. A relatively cold period was defined as a term during which mean atmospheric temperature was below 0 degrees C in Asahikawa and below 3 degrees C in Yamagata Canonical discriminatory analyses were made of 10 meterological factors between days with and without AMI occurrences during a 10-year term in Asahikawa; and between days with and without outdoor occurrences. To compare regional difference, the same analysis was performed during a three-year cold period in Yamagata. Correlations among the three analyses were negligible (0.03%, 1.53% and 0.97%, respectively); thus, the days on which AMI occurred could not be identified with the 10 meteorological factors. Circadian rhythm of two cycles/day was recognized concerning the time of occurrence by power spectral analysis in 562 patients in Asahikawa, in whom the time of onset of AMI was recorded. It was concluded that there are no external meteorological risk factors for the occurrence of AMI. However, the intrinsic biological rhythm supposedly participates in triggering the occurrence of AMI as an intrinsic transient risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fifteen years' record of airborne allergenic pollen and meteorological parameters in Thessaloniki, Greece.

A pollen calendar has been constructed for the area of Thessaloniki and relationships between pollen transport and meteorological parameters have been assessed. Daily airborne pollen records were collected over a 15-year period (1987-2001), using a Burkard continuous volumetric pollen trap, located in the centre of the city. Sixteen allergenic pollen types were identified. Simultaneously, daily records of five main meteorological parameters (mean air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine, wind speed) were made, and then correlated with fluctuations of the airborne pollen concentrations. For the first time in Greece, a pollen calendar has been constructed for 16 pollen types, from which it appears that 24.9% of the total pollen recorded belong to Cupressaceae, 20.8% to Quercus spp., 13.6% to Urticaceae, 9.1% to Oleaceae, 8.9% to Pinaceae, 6.3% to Poaceae, 5.4% to Platanaceae, 3.0% to Corylus spp., 2.5% to Chenopodiaceae and 1.4% to Populus spp. The percentages of Betula spp., Asteraceae (Artemisia spp. and Ambrosia spp.), Salix spp., Ulmaceae and Alnus spp. were each lower than 1%. A positive correlation between pollen transport and both mean temperature and sunshine was observed, whereas usually no correlation was found between pollen and relative humidity or rainfall. Finally, wind speed was generally found to have a significant positive correlation with the concentrations of 8 pollen types. For the first time in the area of Thessaloniki, and more generally in Greece, 15-year allergenic pollen records have been collected and meteorological parameters have been recorded. The airborne pollen concentration is strongly influenced by mean air temperature and sunshine duration. The highest concentrations of pollen grains are observed during spring (May).

Air Movements↗
PubMed2001

Correlation of spring spore concentrations and meteorological conditions in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Different spore types are abundant in the atmosphere depending on the weather conditions. Ascospores generally follow precipitation, while spore types such as Alternaria and Cladosporium are abundant in dry conditions. This project attempted to correlate fungal spore concentrations with meteorological data from Tulsa, Oklahoma during May 1998 and May 1999. Air samples were collected and analyzed by the 12-traverse method. The spore types included were Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Curvularia, Pithomyces, Drechslera, smut spores, ascospores, basidiospores, and other spores. Weather variables included precipitation levels, temperature, dew point, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction and wind gusts. There were over 242.57 mm of rainfall in May 1999 and only 64.01 mm in May 1998. The most abundant spore types during May 1998 and May 1999 were Cladosporium, ascospores, and basidiospores. Results showed that there were significant differences in the dry-air spora between May 1998 and May 1999. There were twice as many Cladosporium in May 1998 as in May 1999; both ascospores and basidiospores showed little change. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine which meteorological variables influenced spore concentrations. Results showed that there was no single model for all spore types. Different combinations of factors were predictors of concentration for the various fungi examined; however, temperature and dew point seemed to be the most important meteorological factors.

Alternaria↗