Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lung Abscess”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Lung abscess: CT-guided drainage.

Lung abscesses were drained by means of catheters guided by computed tomography (CT) in 19 patients who still had sepsis despite standard medical therapy; all patients had received antibiotics for at least 5 days, and 11 of the 19 patients had undergone bronchoscopy. The abscess was cured (by clinical and radiographic criteria) in all 19 patients (100%), and surgery was avoided in 16 of the 19 patients (84%). Three patients underwent surgery for removal of organized tissue or decortication after the lung abscess was evacuated. Complications included a hemothorax that required a chest tube in one patient and three minor complications (a clogged catheter in two patients and transient elevation of intracerebral pressure in one patient). The hemothorax occurred in one of two patients in whom the catheter traversed normal lung. The percutaneous drainage catheters traversed juxtaposed abnormal pleura on route to the abscess in 17 of the patients. CT-guided drainage of lung abscess is an effective method to treat lung abscesses that are refractory to conventional therapy; the procedure should obviate major operation in most patients. A catheter route through abscess-pleural syndesis is preferable, and CT is useful for planning this route.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lung abscess and empyema.

The problems of lung abscess and empyema were recognized by physicians in ancient times, and continue to pose a challenge for contemporary practitioners. Until the current century, anaerobic bacterial infections were undoubtedly the most common cause of lung abscess and empyema. However, other infectious causes are becoming increasingly common as more patients present with complex comorbidities and/or severe immunosuppression. Most lung abscesses respond to appropriate antimicrobial therapy; only about 10% of patients require external drainage or surgical therapy. Noninfected parapneumonic effusions usually respond to systemic antibiotic therapy alone. However, complete drainage of the pleural space is indicated if an effusion is infected or has the characteristics of frank pus. Some parapneumonic effusions that are not grossly turbid and that have negative cultures are nevertheless "complicated"; that is, these effusions have a high risk for causing pleural loculations unless drained early in their course. Over the past 20 years, it has been demonstrated that chemical analysis of parapneumonic effusions (eg, pH, glucose, LDH) is helpful in identifying apparently noninfected, but nevertheless "complicated," parapneumonic effusions. Optimum diagnosis and management of lung abscess and empyema require the coordinated efforts of thoracic surgeons and medical specialists.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

Indium 111 autologous leucocyte scanning in lobar pneumonia and lung abscesses.

Indium 111 leucocyte scanning was used to examine the kinetics of granulocyte localisation in five patients with lobar pneumonia and four patients with lung abscess. Lung abscesses showed dense accumulation of labelled granulocytes within four hours of injection. In contrast, in all cases of lobar pneumonia granulocytes failed to accumulate over a period of up to 24 hours despite evidence of adequate perfusion and of uptake in inflammation elsewhere. These results suggest that the recruitment of granulocytes to lobar pneumonia may be terminated early in its clinical course.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1982

Lung abscess: back for an encore?

The rise in incidence of lung abscess due to opportunistic organisms has reemphasized the need for early recognition and treatment. Opportunistic organisms can cause lung abscess in immunocompromised hosts. Most lung abscesses are primary, occurring as a result of aspiration of oral contents into the dependent portions of the lung in persons with dysphagia or decreased consciousness. Symptoms of lung abscess include productive cough, fever, leukocytosis, weight loss, and putrid sputum. Among the complications are progression to a chronic stage, empyema, massive hemoptysis, metastatic brain abscess, and bronchopleural fistula. Treatment of lung abscess is primarily medical, consisting of an appropriate antibiotic regimen and chest physical therapy. Surgery is reserved for unresponsive patients or those with complications.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Percutaneous small bore catheter drainage in the management of lung abscesses.

For patients with pyogenic lung abscesses who do not respond to medical therapy, thoracotomy with pulmonary resection is the widely-accepted treatment of choice. Six patients with lung abscess who failed to respond to conservative medical management were treated by percutaneous catheter drainage using small catheters (10 Fr or smaller). Five patients showed prompt clinical improvement and the sixth improved after a modification in antibiotic therapy. All patients recovered with radiographic resolution of the abscess and were well at followup periods from two months to two years. In such patients, percutaneous drainage with small catheters provides an excellent clinical result with minimal risk and trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with anaerobic lung abscesses.

The study of anaerobic infections of the lung is usually limited to the use of invasive techniques such as transtracheal aspiration (TTA) to avoid contamination by oral flora. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been used successfully in the study of the etiology of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. This study evaluated the role of the quantitative culture of BAL in the diagnosis of lung abscess. Four episodes of lung abscess in three patients were studied, and the results of quantitative culture of BAL were compared with those of the standard technique of TTA. Nineteen anaerobic bacterial species were recovered from the BAL fluid, all but one at concentrations greater than 10(3) cfu/ml. Culture of BAL fluid yielded 18 of 22 of the isolates cultured from TTA, including 12 of 16 of the anaerobic bacteria. This study suggests that quantitative culture of BAL fluid may be useful in the bronchoscopic evaluation of lung abscess.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Chronic lung sepsis: lung abscess, bronchiectasis, and empyema.

Chronic lung infections including lung abscess, bronchiectasis, and empyema remain serious medical diseases despite the availability of antimicrobial agents. Recent publications contribute to our understanding of disease pathogenesis and management of these entities. The microbial pathogen of lung abscess may be different comparing immunocompetent with immunocompromised patients, supporting a concept for aggressive diagnostic investigations and targeting of specific potential pathogens. The use of surgery in bronchiectasis may be declining, but surgical intervention remains an important strategy with favorable outcomes, especially in cases of focal bronchiectasis. For empyema, maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion may allow for diagnostic thoracentesis in patients with pleural effusions and allow initiation of appropriate tube thoracotomy drainage and use of fibrinolytics. With appropriate management, morbidity and mortality may be limited and outcomes generally favorable.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Surgical treatment of pediatric lung abscess.

Eight pediatric patients with lung abscesses underwent surgical intervention in our hospital during a 7-year period. All the abscesses were associated with severe sepsis or complicated by a bronchopleural fistula that did not respond to medical treatment and tube thoracostomy. Seven patients required unilateral thoracotomies, and one patient with bilateral lesions required simultaneous bilateral thoracotomies. One tension pneumatocele required a preceding pneumonostomy. All patients underwent decortication and at least one additional surgical procedure consisting of: lung debridement plus bronchial closure (n = 4); lobectomy (n = 2); bisegmentectomy (n = 3); and/or segmentectomy (n = 1). There were no operative deaths, but two patients had persistent air leakage that was treated by bronchial closure. The average hospital stay was 22 days (postoperative 10.1 days). All the patients recovered completely. For many pediatric lung abscesses that do not respond to medical treatment and simple drainage procedures, surgical intervention is indicated and can shorten the hospital stay.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis and therapy of lung abscess].

10 patients with primary lung abscess have been treated for 2 years. The patients were predominantly middle-aged men with predisposing factors for aspiration such as, essentially, alcoholism. All patients were in a fairly good general condition. The most frequent symptom was purulent foul smelling sputum. Most abscesses were found in the dorsal segments of both lower lobes and of the right upper lobe. Bacteriological examination of abscess punctate frequently revealed anaerobic bacteria. The primary treatment in all cases was conservative, including postural drainage and longterm therapy with high dose penicillin or amoxicillin. In 9 cases this led to complete clinical and radiological recovery; only 1 patient had to be operated on because of failure of conservative therapy. Aspiration of anaerobic bacteria from the oropharynx is of prime importance in the genesis of primary lung abscess. Therapy is conservative, with penicillin as the drug of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Empyema thoracis and lung abscess.

The case histories of 22 patients with lung abscess and empyema presenting to Hospital University Sains Malaysia (HUSM) between 1984 and 1989 are reviewed. The presenting features of both lung abscess and empyema were similar. The commonest predisposing factor was pneumonia, and the commonest organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus but in the majority of cases, no causal organisms were identified. All the patients were treated with antibiotics and in addition, closed chest tube drainage was performed initially in all patients with empyema. Three patients with empyema required additional surgical drainage procedures. Death occurred in one patient with empyema and in one patient with lung abscess. The features, aetiology, treatment and outcome of thoracic empyema and lung abscess are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Animal model for anaerobic lung abscess.

There are no satisfactory animal models for the study of anaerobic lung abscess. Aspiration of food, gastric mucin, or hydrochloric acid, or any combination of these, along with oropharyngeal bacteria, is commonly believed to cause aspiration pneumonia and lung abscess. In the animal model described, none of the adjuvants was effective in producing anaerobic lung abscesses. Anaerobic bacteria derived from dental scrapings of a healthy adult (Peptococcus morbillorum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium lentum, and Bacteroides fragilis), when inoculated transtracheally without any adjuvants into New Zealand male white rabbits, consistently produced lung abscesses. Neither B fragilis by itself nor a mixture of P. morbillorum, F. nucleatum, and E. lentum without the addition of B. fragilis produced lung abscesses. The bacterial isolates used in this study were stored in prereduced chopped-meat-glucose medium and subcultured several times and were found effective in reproducing anaerobic lung abscesses repeatedly. This animal model is suitable for the study of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of B. fragilis-associated anaerobic lung abscess.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

[Computer tomographic diagnosis of lung abscess and pleural empyema].

Lung abscesses are characterised by irregular air spaces with non-homogeneous necrosis. Pleural empyemas often assume a sickle shape up against the thoracic wall and tend to be homogeneous. Problems in differential diagnosis may occur if the process is not confined to an exact anatomic position. A peripheral perforating abscess is isolated from the tracheobronchial system by thickened pleura and by its capsule; even if computer tomography does not show clear-cut findings, operative intervention is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Surgical occlusion of the bronchi combined with surgery of lung abscesses or cysts in acute purulent lung diseases in children].

The authors propose a new method for surgical treatment of acute purulent diseases of lungs and pleura in children consisting in a combination of operative occlusion of the bronchus of the injured portion of the lung (transection of the bronchus with suturing its ends) with pneumoabscessotomy or cystectomy. Such operations are maximum sparing, have a sufficient sanitation effect, reduce the risk of recurrence, pyopneumothorax and shorten the period of treatment.

Animals↗