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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of lip training in children with short upper lip.

The effect of lip training was studied in 15 children with incompetent lips, who were compared with a control group of 10 children who also had incompetent lips. Lip function was evaluated by electromyography of the activity of the lips in resting posture and during swallowing and chewing. The morphology of the dentition, facial skeleton and lips were studied on dental casts and profile radiographs. Lip training was performed for one year and was found to maintain lip function in the test group, in contrast to impairment of lip function in the control group. Lip training favorably influenced lip morphology, increasing the height of both lips and decreasing the interlabial gap. In the control group, the interlabial gap increased. The beneficial effect of the training on the function and morphology of the lips could not be shown to affect tooth position during the one-year study period.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1994

Cleft lip mongolian spot: mongolian spot associated with cleft lip.

BACKGROUND: Mongolian spots in the cleft area of cleft lip have been found in some Japanese children. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the frequency of cleft lip mongolian spot in children with cleft lip of various severity. METHODS: Sixty-six babies with unilateral cleft lip were divided into three groups: namely, those with microform cleft lip (10 subjects), incomplete cleft lip (30 subjects), and complete cleft lip (26 subjects). The incidence of cleft lip mongolian spot in the three groups was studied. RESULTS: Thirty-six babies (55%) had a cleft lip mongolian spot. The mongolian spot was observed in no patients with microform cleft lip, in 18 patients (60%) with incomplete cleft lip, and in 18 patients (69%) with complete cleft lip. CONCLUSION: Cleft lip mongolian spot appears in high incidence when the cleft goes beyond the vermilion border.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1983

The effects of varying lower-lip displacement on upper-lip movements: implications for the coordination of speech movements.

Upper-lip and lower-lip movements were transduced in the inferior-superior dimension in five normal-speaking subjects during four tasks. In task 1 visual feedback was used to manipulate the maximum displacement of the lower lip during speech. The upper lip elevated significantly less for the opening gesture when the amount of opening from the lower lip was increased. The upper lip moved to significantly lower positions for bilabial closure when the distance to be moved by the lower lip was increased. In task 2 the same procedures were followed with a bite block between the teeth. The bite block did not significantly change the interactions between lips for the opening gesture. The interactions were larger for bilabial closure with the bite block. In task 3 different vowels instead of visual feedback were used to manipulate lower-lip displacement. The relations between lips were similar to those found in task 1. In task 4 it was shown that these relations between lips are not found in nonspeech lower-lip movements. The interactions between lips are discussed in relation to models of speech motor control, including spatial targets, mass-spring systems, and planned trajectories.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cleft lip and palate versus cleft lip only: are they distinct defects?

Cleft lip defects are usually regarded as a single entity, with the assumption that an accompanying cleft palate represents the more severe form. The authors linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway with medical records from two centralized centers to provide a population-based data set. They assessed the distribution of cleft lip only and cleft lip with cleft palate by covariate. Among 1.8 million Norwegian livebirths between 1967 and 1998, there were 1,572 cases of cleft lip with cleft palate and 1,122 cases with cleft lip only. Seventeen percent of those with cleft lip and palate had another defect compared with 9% of those with cleft lip only. For boys, the risk was greater for cleft lip and palate than for cleft lip only (odds ratio=2.4 vs. 1.8, p<0.001 for difference). The risk of cleft lip only, but not of cleft lip and palate, was increased for twins (odds ratio=1.6 vs. 1.1, p=0.11) and infants whose parents were first cousins (odds ratio=2.7 vs. 0.7, p=0.07). Although cleft lip with cleft palate may simply represent a more severe form of the defect, epidemiologic assessments of cleft lip should, when possible, include separate analyses of these two groups.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Long-term effects of lip repair on dentofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: Lateral cephalograms from the growth archive of the Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project were analyzed in a cohort design to study the long-term effects of lip repair on dentofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. METHODS: A total of 71 patients were recruited, including 23 adult patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate without surgical repair and 48 adult patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate who had lip repair, but without management of alveolus or anterior vomer. The design utilized exact matching on ethnicity and statistical control for gender and age. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The data support the hypothesis that lip repair primarily produces a bone-bending effect on the anterior maxillary alveolus (alveolar molding), accompanied by controlled uprighting of maxillary incisors, and secondarily produces a bone-remodeling effect (bone resorption) in the base of the anterior maxillary alveolus. When analyzed by the age at lip repair and the surgeon who performed lip repair, early lip repair produced a greater bone-remodeling effect than did late lip repair, and variation in the surgeon who performed lip repair had an insignificant impact on dentofacial morphology after adjusting for covariates.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bipedicled axial cross-lip flap for correction of major vermilion deficiency after cleft lip repair.

Vermilion irregularities are common secondary deformities after cleft lip repair. Particularly severe in bilateral clefts, vermilion deficiency attracts considerable attention and detracts from an otherwise excellent lip repair. Minor and moderate vermilion deficits can be corrected with upper lip advancement, rotation flaps, tongue flaps, or grafts. Major defects defy correction with local flaps, because of an absolute shortage of upper-lip tissue. A technique is described for correction of large absolute tissue deficits of the upper-lip vermillion using a bipedicled lower to upper cross-lip visor flap. A lower lip wet vermilion/mucosal flap is based bilaterally near the commissures on the coronary arteries and transferred to a releasing incision at the wet/dry vermilion border of the upper lip. The commissural pedicles are divided and inset at a second stage 10 days later to complete the transfer. The procedure provides ample bulk and lining for major upper-lip vermilion augmentation and tubercle reconstruction without disturbing the obicularis oris muscular oral sphincter. In addition it balances the lips and allows for feeding. The technique is illustrated in two patients with major upper-lip vermilion defects after repair of bilateral cleft lips.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

No effect of lip bumper therapy on the pressure from the lower lip on the lower incisors.

The pressures from the lower lip on the lower incisors were measured at the midline between the central incisors and between the left lateral incisor and canine. The measurements were made with the lip at rest and during swallowing of water in 24 boys and 40 girls aged 9-15 years. The children were divided into four groups, two treated with a lip bumper with and without an oral shield, and two with a lingual arch with and without springs for proclination of the lower incisors. Recordings of the pressures were made before the start of the treatment, and 3 and 8 months after the use of the appliance, as well as 4 months after the removal of the lip bumper or lingual arch. The treatment with a lip bumper did not change the pressure from the lip on the lower incisors at rest. The pressure at the midline during swallowing was also unaffected by the lip bumper therapy, but the pressure between the lateral incisor and canine increased. Thus, lip bumper therapy did not lead to decreased pressure from the lip on the incisors. Proclination of the lower incisors with a lingual arch resulted in an increase of the pressure from the lip at rest. Thus, no adaptation of the lower lip to the proclination occurred. After relapse of the proclination the pressure from the lip decreased to a value no different from that before the start of the treatment.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1997

Effect of lip adhesion on labial height in two-stage repair of unilateral complete cleft lip.

A lip-adhesion procedure before definitive repair of unilateral complete cleft lip has been widely used but rarely analyzed over the past 25 years. This report is a quantitative prospective assessment of one possible benefit of lip adhesion, an increased vertical height of the cleft labial elements. Lip adhesion was performed on 43 consecutive infants with unilateral complete cleft of the primary palate. Markings for rotation-advancement repair were placed before lip adhesion and again at the time of the complete nasolabial correction. Using a standardized caliper, anthropometric measurements of the vertical height of the medial and lateral lip elements were made from these markings. The relative increase in vertical height of the medial and lateral labial segments during the mean interoperative interval of 3.2 months was calculated. Analysis of these measurements revealed a small disproportionate increase in vertical lip height of the cleft side compared with the normal side after lip adhesion. Discrepancy of the lateral lip height between the cleft and noncleft sides decreased from 3.0 to 2.7 mm (10 percent, p = 0.05), and the prolabial or medial height discrepancy decreased from 3.4 to 2.8 mm (17 percent, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis of infants whose adhesion was done either at a young age, without premaxillary orthopedics, or with an intact secondary palate, revealed no statistically significant improvement in the labial height measures. It is arguable whether the small relative increase in height of the medial and lateral cleft elements justifies lip adhesion before definitive repair of unilateral complete cleft lip.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative analysis of lip appearance after V-Y lip augmentation.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyze the changes in the 3-dimensional appearance of the lips after V-Y lip advancement for lip augmentation. DESIGN: A retrospective single-blinded study of patients who had a V-Y lip augmentation from January 1999 to December 2001. Standardized anterior and lateral preoperative and postoperative digital photographs of patients were analyzed using digital imaging software to quantify postoperative changes. RESULTS: There were statistically significant increases in the vertical height of the upper red lip (75%) and in the area of the upper red lip (66%). The upper and lower lip projection increased by approximately 40%. The vertical distance from the apex to the trough of Cupid's bow increased by 56.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The V-Y lip advancement for lip augmentation increases the parameters that characterize the fullness of the upper lip and enhances the vermilion "pout" and projection of the upper and lower lip. It also increases the curvature of Cupid's bow.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Nasal deformity and microform cleft lip in parents of patients with cleft lip.

OBJECTIVE: To describe subtle nasal deformities and microform cleft lips in parents whose children have complete cleft lip deformities. DESIGN: Clinical analyses of three parents whose children had complete cleft lips. Subtle nasal deformities and microform cleft lips were identified. SETTING: An institutional general hospital: Manuel Gea González Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic in Mexico City, Mexico. PATIENTS: The study first examined the parents of all complete and incomplete cleft lip-palate patients who were seen from March 1994 to February 1997 by the authors (n = 1000). We identified three patients, each of whom had one parent who showed signs of subtle nasal deformity and microform cleft lip. INTERVENTIONS: None for the parents. Interventions in the children with cleft lips and palates were known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Qualitative photographic analyses were performed. Nostril symmetry, septal deviation, nasal floor position, and orbicularis oris malinsertions were carefully examined. RESULTS: Three of the evaluated parents had one alar cartilage caudally displaced and a deviated septum. One parent's nasal floor was depressed. Two parents also had evidence of a minimal orbicularis oris muscle fissure located in the upper lip. CONCLUSION: Genetic evaluations of children with complete and incomplete cleft lips might also include thorough evaluation of their parents. Although small in size, this study of three case histories identified nasal and lip deformities in the patients' parents.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The relationship of lip strength and lip sealing in MFT.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lip sealing and lip power, and the effect of button pull exercise on lip posture and lip power. 91 patients who had barely acquired lip sealing had received button pull exercise. They were evaluated for lip power and lip seal before and after oral myofunctional treatment. In spite of contrary postures of lip between the Button Pull Group and the Non-Button Pull Group no significant difference for lip strength was found at the first examination. The lip strength of the Button Pull Group had increased twice as much after a half-year and decreased thereafter. 25% of the Button Pull Group acquired complete lip sealing after the treatment, 41% did incompletely and 31% did not change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effects of lip repair on maxillary growth and facial soft tissue development in patients with a complete unilateral cleft of lip, alveolus and palate.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between lip repair and inhibition of maxillary growth, and to investigate the characteristics of upper lip in patients with complete unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs and photographs (anterior-posterior and profile) were taken for 3 groups of patients: (1) 35 complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate cases in whom only a labioplasty was performed as infants; (2) 47 cases who had both lip and palate repaired; and (3) 37 non-cleft peers as controls. RESULTS: There was maxillary retrusion in groups (1) and (2). Surface area and height of the upper lip was reduced in both these groups when compared with the normal controls. CONCLUSION: Lip repair is a most important factor in the restraint of maxillary growth in patients with complete unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate. And height and projection of the upper lip are reduced following lip repair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Secondary unilateral cleft lip repair: combining rotation-advancement principles with a cross-lip muscle-vermilion flap.

Any lip without a complete philtral complex looks unnatural. This important anatomical entity can be recovered in many lips primarily closed with straight-line or Mirault-Blair-Brown-McDowell procedure. In these patients, combining a rotation-advancement upper lip revision with tubercle reconstruction using a cross-lip vermilion-orbicularis oris muscle flap results in a rotation-advancement scar ideally located in the skin of the upper lip and no scar in the skin of the lower lip. The tubercle is reconstructed as a unit from lower lip vermilion and muscle. The scar in the lower lip is restricted to the vermillion and therefore becomes extremely subtle and difficult to detect. The many scars resulting from a standard Abbe flap are avoided. Even patients with lip deformities considered too mild for a standard Abbe flap no longer need be denied lip revision when the cupid's bow is deficient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Alpha-tocopherol levels in mothers of children with cleft lip or with cleft lip and palate].

OBJECTIVES: Environmental factors may play equally critical role as genes in facial embryogenesis. It was suggested that cleft palate occurring in association with cleft lip may result from environmental factors that affect development of both the lip and the palate. Cleft lip forms from the third through seventh week of embryonic development. During these period fetal nutrition is histotrophic, pressure of oxygen is low, genes for antioxidant enzymes are supressed and alpha-tocopherol play an essential role in the fetal tissues antioxidant capacity. Cleft palate forms from the fifth through twelfth weeks of gestation, when hemonutrition and antioxidant enzymes are developing, and hypothetical deficiency of tocopherol is not so crucial. AIM: The goal of the study was to investigate concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in women who gave birth to a child with cleft lip and mothers of children with cleft lip and palate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples from 31 healthy mothers of children with isolated cleft lip (CL) and 29 healthy mothers of children with isolated cleft lip and palate (CLP) were collected. Fasting plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography. Kolmologorov-Smirnov test with Lilefors correction and k-means cluster analysis were applied to determine differences between the groups of women. RESULTS: We found that alpha-tocopherol concentrations were lower in CL compared to CLP, but the difference did not achieve level of statistical significantly (medians: 15.8 micromol/L vs. 20.0 micromol/L; p = 0.066). There were identified three clusters of alpha-tocopherol concentrations: 14.0 micromol/L (19CL+8CLP), 19.6 micromol/L (8CL+13CLP), and 21.1 micromol/L (4CL+8CLP). The distribution of results to the clusters was dependent on type of the orofacial cleft (chi squared = 6.95 with 2 degrees of freedom, p = 0,031). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis for environmental risk factors should be performed separately for cleft lip and cleft lip and palate because these two conditions appear to be etiologically distinct. The role of a higher periconceptional intake of alpha-tocopherol in reduction of risk of giving birth to a child with cleft lip requires further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of soft-tissue expansion on lip repair and midfacial growth in a rabbit cleft lip model.

Midfacial hypoplasia following primary cleft lip repair is a common clinical correlate. Recent experimental work has suggested that increased lip pressure following an undermined lip repair may contribute to midfacial growth inhibition. Soft-tissue expansion has been used to generate additional soft tissue for reconstruction in the cranial region. The use of this technique in the labial region may allow lip repair to be performed with less tension (pressure) and thus facilitate midfacial growth. To test this hypothesis, 40 4-week-old rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Two groups had surgically created lip and alveolar defects. Ipsilateral labial tissue expanders were placed in all four groups. One cleft and one normal group underwent expansion. The other two groups served as a control. The expanders were removed at 4 weeks, and an undermined lip repair was performed in both cleft groups. Findings revealed that soft-tissue expansion increased labial surface area significantly by approximately 96% (p < 0.001). Labial soft-tissue expansion alone had no effect on midfacial growth during the observation period. In contrast, cleft animals undergoing tissue expansion exhibited significantly reduced (p < 0.05) postoperative lip pressure and increased midfacial growth compared with cleft animals without expansion through 36 weeks of age. Results suggest that preoperative tissue expansion reduced postoperative lip pressure and improved midfacial growth in a rabbit cleft lip model.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between lip pressure following lip repair and craniofacial growth: an experimental study in beagles.

In the present study with beagles, various states of lip pressure (decreased and increased) following surgical creation of the lip and palatal defects and subsequent lip repair were found to be significantly related to craniofacial growth aberrations and disproportions. These aberrations are discussed in terms of an imbalanced functional skeletal-soft-tissue matrix. Significantly elevated lip pressure following lip repair in group III animals was found to be more detrimental to craniofacial growth than decreased lip pressure resulting from the surgical creation of a defect left unrepaired. Results of the study present, for the first time, documented evidence of a significant relationship between lip pressure following lip repair and craniofacial growth. Caution should be employed in extending these conclusions to the clinical setting, yet the findings underscore the need for well-controlled clinical studies designed to assess the influence of cleft lip repair on craniofacial growth.

Alveoloplasty↗