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PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing the use of hydrogel dressings to lanolin ointment with lactating mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of hydrogel dressings for the prevention and treatment of nipple soreness in lactating women as compared with the common intervention of lanolin ointment. The hypothesis was as follows: Participants using hydrogel dressings as a preventive measure for nipple soreness will experience greater pain relief and a lower rate of nipple wounds as compared with the control group. The secondary hypothesis was that the reduction of nipple soreness in the treatment group would produce a longer duration of breastfeeding as compared with the control group. DESIGN: A multicentered, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating a sample of 106 lactating mothers. SETTING: Study sites were the University of Alabama Medical Center at Birmingham (an inner-city teaching hospital) and Northeast Health System (a community hospital in Beverly, Massachusetts). PARTICIPANTS: Participants were older than age 18, fluent in English, and had an operational telephone in the residence. Other inclusion criteria were singleton, vaginal deliveries; no prior breastfeeding experience; and written informed consent. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to either the lanolin ointment or the hydrogel dressings group and received instructions specific to their assignment. All participants received breastfeeding education provided by a board-certified lactation consultant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: During the initial 12 study days, participants identified pain intensity using a numeric pain intensity scale and verbal descriptor scale. Subjective data were collected via self-reported skin assessments of the bilateral breasts, nipples, and areolae. Breastfeeding duration was established by a follow-up telephone call at 2 months. RESULTS: The hydrogel dressings group had significantly greater reduction in pain score mean values at baseline, on study Day 10, and on study Day 12 in comparison to the control group. Participants using the hydrogel dressings discontinued treatment sooner than participants in the lanolin ointment group. The lanolin ointment group had eight breast infections, whereas the hydrogel dressings group had none. CONCLUSION: Hydrogel dressings are a safe, available treatment that provided more effective pain management for nipple soreness than the common intervention of lanolin ointment.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2001

A retrospective analysis of contact allergy to lanolin.

BACKGROUND: Lanolin is often stated to be an important sensitizer but some of the available literature is based on the analysis of high-risk patients. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the frequency of contact allergy to lanolin (wool alcohols) in a central London teaching hospital patch-test population. METHODS: Review of 24,449 patients recorded on our database during 1982--96 who were tested with a standard series containing 30% wool alcohols. RESULTS: The mean annual rate of sensitivity to this allergen was 1.7%. The wool alcohols-allergic group contained a higher proportion of females (P < 0.05), and the mean age of both males and females (48.4 and 49.2 years) was higher than that of non-wool alcohols-allergic patients (41.4 and 35.9 years; P < 0.0005). There was no difference in atopic eczema status between these groups. The highest prevalence of allergy to wool alcohols was among patients with lower leg dermatitis (6.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI 4.46--7.54), followed by those with anogenital dermatitis (3.23%; 95% CI 1.81--4.65). There was an unexplained decline in the rate of positive patch tests to Amerchol L-101. However, some patients who reacted to this were negative with wool alcohols, so it may be a useful additional test reagent. The mean rates of allergy to Eucerin (0.65% per annum) and 50% hydrogenated lanolin in petrolatum (1% per annum) were low, and we no longer use these as test reagents. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates that lanolin sensitization has remained at a relatively low and constant rate even in a high-risk population (i.e. patients with recent or active eczema).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Lanolin with reduced sensitizing potential. A preliminary note.

The allergens of lanolin appear to lie in the content of natural free fatty alcohols rather than in the total alcohols as hitherto supposed. The detectable incidence of allergy is increased by the simultaneous presence of detergent. Amongst selected lanolin-sensitive skin patients, removal of both free fatty alcohols and detergent from lanolin reduces the incidence of detectable hypersensitivity by 96%. Methods are described for determining free fatty alcohols and detergent in lanolin, and for removing them.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1984

An attempt to isolate and identify allergens in lanolin.

One sensitizer, a sterol, has previously been reported to be present in lanolin. In this study, a related substance, a sterol, with a molecular weight of 424 has been isolated. A few sensitive subjects did not react to this substance. Lanolin probably contains several sensitizers. Sensitization to lanolin in guinea pigs seems previously to have failed. In this study, a methanol extract of a lanolin preparation containing large amounts of sterols sensitized guinea pigs.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

The effect of breast milk and lanolin on sore nipples.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of rubbing breast milk versus lanolin in the treatment of symptoms of sore nipples. METHODS: We carried out this randomized clinical trial on 225 mothers with sore nipples in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from April 2001 for 2 years. We randomly divided the patients into 3 groups. The first group rubbed the hind milk on their nipples at the end of each breast-feeding session, and the second group used lanolin locally on the nipple 3 times a day, and cleaned the nipple with a wet cloth before infant feeding. The third group did not use anything (control group). We corrected the breast-feeding technique of all mothers throughout the study. After the first visit, we reexamined the patient on the third, fifth, seventh and tenth days. We obtained information with interviewing and physical examination by using a questionnaire. We based the sore nipple improvement on absence of irritation according to mothers opinions. We analyzed the obtained information using the SPSS version 11.5 software, and the used tests were Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The first group (breast milk users) included 78 patients, the second group (lanolin users) included 74 patients, and the third group (control group) included 73 patients. The 3 groups were similar in gravidity, delivery method, pre-delivery breast feeding education, the beginning time of the first breast feeding, prior success breast feeding experiences, detergent agents usage for nipples, use of formula, and pacifier. Clinical manifestations, such as appearance time of symptoms, irritation and breast wound were not significantly different. The healing time was different in these 3 groups (p=0.038) according to the mean ranking in the groups. The healing time in the lanolin group was longer than the breast milk group (p=0.029) and the control group (p=0.028). No side effects were noted during the study. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, due to the better healing of the sore nipple with breast milk, its availability, without payment and side effect, breast milk is recommended for the treatment of sore nipples.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of lanolin alcohol films and kinetics of triamcinolone acetonide release.

The film-forming potential of lanolin alcohol was evaluated. Inclusion of ethylcellulose in lanolin alcohol improved film integrity. The hardness and modulus of elasticity of these lanolin alcohol-ethylcellulose films were improved by incorporating propylene glycol or cetyl alcohol. Triamcinolone acetonide release from selected film compositions was investigated. The data were analyzed from the viewpoint of the first-order kinetic theory and the release from a planar system having a homogeneous or granular matrix. The results suggest that the drug release follows a diffusion-controlled matrix model and a square root of time release profile. The release rate constants were proportional to drug concentration. Drug release was maximal from a system containing the drug in a near-saturated solution.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Loss of lanolin patch-test positivity.

Thirty-seven patients who had shown a relevant positive patch-test response to lanolin within the previous 5 years were retested. Only 41% demonstrated persistence of the positive patch test to lanolin. Analysis according to age, sex, atopic status, interval between patch testings, strength of the original response and the number of concurrent reactions, were not associated with the persistence of the lanolin response.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lanolin as a treatment option for ringtail in transgenic rats.

Ringtail is a condition characterized by dry skin and annular constrictions that sometimes result in loss of portions of the tail. This condition most commonly affects preweanling rats, and low relative humidity is thought to be a principal cause. The use of transgenic rats in our facility has been increasing since 2002, and we recently diagnosed several litters from transgenic Fischer 344 rats (Rattus norvegicus) with ringtail. Treatment was necessary to maintain the health and integrity of the tails to allow genotyping. Lanolin ointment was chosen because it is a nontoxic, inexpensive, effective moisturizer used for treating human skin conditions. We examined 5 litters comprising 37 pups total, ranging in age from 7 to 17 days at the time of presentation. Animals in 3 litters were randomly assigned to a treatment or nontreatment group, and all animals in the remaining 2 litters were treated. Lanolin was applied to the tails of treatment groups once daily for 6 d. Treatment was tolerated well by pups and no animals were rejected by the dams. After treatment, tail condition was scored from 0 to 3, with 0 representing a tail normal in appearance, and 3 representing severe disease. Chi square testing showed marginal statistical significance, with a trend for a higher percentage of treated rats having healthier tails on day 7 compared to untreated pups. The Pearson correlation between treatment and tail condition scores was significant. Results indicate that lanolin was an efficacious treatment option for ringtail.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Trace level determination of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in lanolin using gel permeation chromatography followed by dual gas chromatography and gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric confirmation.

A methodology for multi-class pesticide determination at trace level in lanolin is presented. Gel permeation chromatography on a Bio-Beads SX-3 column followed by a dual GC chromatographic determination has been developed. The effluent of the analytical column (50% diphenyl-methyl- or 14% cyanopropyl-phenylpolysiloxane) was split into an electron-capture and a nitrogen-phosphorus detection system. The chromatographic system was optimised for 28 pesticides commonly used to control sheep pests and corresponding to organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyretroid classes. Identification has been carried out by gas chromatography coupled to negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Recoveries ranged from 72 to 94% and the detection limits from 20 to 97 ng/g depending on the pesticide class, the RSDs were below 10%. Finally, the developed analytical methodology has been successfully applied to the determination of pesticides in several lanolin samples.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2002

Complete characterisation of lanolin steryl esters by sub-ambient pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron impact and chemical ionisation modes.

Steryl esters occurring in lanolin have been characterised by sub-ambient pressure gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Electron impact and chemical ionisation modes with different reagent gases have been evaluated in order to carry out unambiguous peak identification. Steryl esters with different sterol (i.e. cholesterol, lanosterol and dihydrolanosterol) and acid moieties either according to carbon number (i.e C10-C23) or isomeric forms (i.e. normal, iso and anteiso) have been identified. Identification of the sterol and acid moieties has been carried out by means of the mass spectral information obtained in the electron impact, chemical ionisation mode either in the positive or negative modes using methane, isobutane and ammonia as reagent gases. Isomeric identification has been achieved by chromatographic retention parameters (i.e. entire-chain length and fractional-chain length) and by the free fatty acid profile also present in lanolin.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1981

Lanolin of reduced sensitizing potential.

Confirmation has been obtained that reducing the content of natural free alcohols in lanolin to below 3%, particularly in the absence of detergent residues, reduces the incidence of positive patch test reactions amongst selected lanolin-sensitive skin patients by 99.3%. Only one reaction out of 149 subjects was recorded.

Alcohols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medilan: a hypoallergenic lanolin for emollient therapy.

Lanolin has been used for thousands of years for its emollient properties. For the past two decades it has had an ill-deserved reputation as an important sensitizer. Medilan is an ultra-purified hypoallergenic medical grade lanolin that has been shown to cause almost zero sensitization. As well as its occlusive properties it has also been shown to penetrate the skin and help to store water in the stratum corneum. The hypoallergenic nature of Medilan combined with its soothing and hydrating properties make it a valuable ingredient in emollient preparations used to treat eczema and other dry skin conditions.

Dermatitis↗
PubMed2003

A double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of pure lanolin versus ammonium lactate 12% cream for the treatment of moderate to severe foot xerosis.

Xerotic skin is a pattern of reaction to a variety of disorders (eg, winter xerosis, hereditary ichthyosis) with abnormalities of desquamation in common. The trial described in this article was a double-blind randomized-comparison clinical trial investigating the effect of pure lanolin versus ammonium lactate 12% cream in treating moderate to severe foot xerosis. Xerosis was clinically assessed at baseline visit, and designated sites were reevaluated after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of therapy. Ninety-two patients were enrolled; 41 of these were excluded from analysis (25 were lost to follow-up, 8 were noncompliant, 1 was discharged from study because of an adverse event after visit 1, and 7 were noncompliant after visit 2). Although there was significant improvement in xerosis scores for both treatment groups after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, no differences were statistically significant. Used twice daily for 4 weeks, pure lanolin and ammonium lactate cream were both effective in treating moderate to severe xerosis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simplified extraction and cleanup for multiresidue determination of pesticides in lanolin.

In the proposed method, a light petroleum solution of lanolin (wool fat) is adsorbed on diatomaceous earth in an Extrelut column, and the pesticides are eluted with acetonitrile saturated with light petroleum. After evaporation to a small volume, the extract is subjected to solid-phase extraction (SPE) on a C-18 column. The acetonitrile eluate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is taken up in light petroleum. Organophosphorus pesticides are determined by temperature-programmed gas chromatography (GC) on a wide-bore column using a flame photometric detector in the phosphorus mode. Organochlorine pesticides are determined after miniaturized Florisil cleanup by classic GC on an OV-17/QF-1 packed column, using an electron capture detector. This procedure is more rapid and straightforward than the time-consuming AOAC extraction method, 29.014. Cleanup was better and the results obtained were comparable. Recoveries for 13 organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, frequently found in lanolin, ranged from 80 to 90%.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1983

Temperature-frequency equivalence of the viscoelastic properties of anhydrous lanolin USP.

Methods of data analysis novel to pharmaceutical semisolids have been applied to the dynamic mechanical data obtained for anhydrous lanolin USP. It was found that the viscoelastic parameters determined over a wide range of temperatures and shear frequencies could be superposed. Elastic moduli (G') and viscous moduli (G") obtained at low temperatures (T) and frequencies (nu), were equivalent to moduli obtained at high T and nu. Empirical shifts of modulus versus shear frequency data obtained at different temperatures were used to produce G' and G" versus nu master curves (complete log modulus versus log frequency behavior at a constant temperature). A method of reduced variables, in conjunction with an Arrhenius-type relation, proved useful in calculating the energy of activation for the structural processes involved in a major mechanical transition.

Elasticity↗
PubMed1984

In vitro release of salicylic acid from lanolin alcohols-ethylcellulose films.

Lanolin alcohols-ethylcellulose films were investigated as a potential drug delivery system for the controlled release of salicylic acid. The effects of changes in film composition, drug concentration, drug solubility, and stirrer speed on the in vitro release of salicylic acid have been examined. The drug release has been found to obey a diffusion-controlled matrix model and square root of time release profile both in the suspension and solution cases.

Alcohols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraction and clean-up procedure for analysis of organochlorine pesticide residues in ethoxylated lanolin.

In the present study an evaluation was made of a method for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in ethoxylated lanolin. Samples were homogenized with Celite, transferred to chromatographic columns, prepacked with silica gel deactivated to 10%. The pesticide elution was processed with n-hexane-dichloromethane and the concentrated eluate was analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). The composition of the elution solvent was a significant factor for the recovery of the pesticides. Mean recoveries obtained for fortified samples ranged from 87 to 94% for p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT. Optimization of the experimental conditions resulted in a small-scale method that combines extraction and cleanup in a single step.

Animals↗