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PubMedDate not supplied

[Prostaglandin E2, interleukin 1 and gamma interferon production of mononuclear cells of patients with inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases].

Inflammatory joint diseases exhibit distinct pathohistological and immunological characteristics. The studies performed demonstrated that in comparison to normal controls peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented an increased percentage of monocytic cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with RA produced significantly increased amounts of prostaglandin E2 and significantly decreased amounts of interferon-gamma following mitogen stimulation with LPS or PWM respectively. The spontaneous production of interleukin 1 was found to be elevated. A significantly increased LPS induced production of prostaglandin E2 could also be observed in monocyte depleted rheumatoid peripheral cells and in peripheral cells of patients with osteoarthritis and HLAB27 associated joint diseases. Mononuclear cells from rheumatoid synovial tissue produced increased amounts of prostaglandin E2 and decreased amounts of interferon-gamma; the spontaneous prostaglandin E2 production was similar to the values obtained by mitogen stimulation which may originate from the distinct cellular composition of synovial tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Separate measurement of radial trabecular and cortical bone mineral density by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in degenerative joint disease].

Degenerative joint disease and osteoporosis, both of which tend to increase with advance in age, were thought to be essentially different mainly because of the artifactually high lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in the former unlike osteoporosis characterized by persistent decrease of BMD. To clarify the relationship between these two diseases, three-dimensional BMD of the trabecular and cortical bone was measured separately in an area of the radius relatively free of degenerative changes by peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). In addition to radiological assessment of spondylosis deformans, quantification of vertebral deformity was attempted by calculation of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, difference between maximum and minimum density divided by the mean of L1-L4. With advance in age and progress of spondylosis deformans, the standard deviation, coefficient of variation difference between the maximum and minimum density and this difference divided by the mean of L1-L4 increased, but radial trabecular bone density, cortcal density and relative cortical volume decreased, suggesting parallel advance of degenerative joint disease and osteoporosis. Sodium etidronate, an antiresorber commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis, increased mean lumbar spine BMD and markedly decreased the standard deviation, coefficient of variation, difference between the maximum and minimum density and this difference divided by the mean of L1 and L2 but maintained maximum BMD constant, decreasing vertebral deformity due to spondylosis deformans. It is conceivable that calcium release from bone on increased resorption leads to osteoporosis, and calcium entrance into cartilage, causing its hardening, disappearance and degeneration, direct contact between bones, osteoarthritis and subsequent deformity in a single sequence of events.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1981

Early, asymptomatic stage of degenerative joint disease in canine hip joints.

The early stages of degenerative joint disease were investigated in coxofemoral joints from dogs with a hereditary predisposition to hip dysplasia. Alterations observed included mild nonsuppurative synovitis, increased volume of both synovial fluid and the ligamentum teres, and focal degenerative articular cartilage lesions. On radiologic examination, subluxation of the femoral head was seen, but only in the most severely affected joints. Synovial inflammation with increased synovial fluid and ligament volumes were indicators of early degenerative joint disease in dogs. These changes seemed to coincide with, or perhaps to precede, microscopic evidence for articular cartilage degeneration and occurred before radiologic abnormalities were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

99Tc(m) nanocolloid scintigraphy: a reliable way to detect active joint disease in patients with peripheral joint pain.

We evaluated 99Tc(m) nanocolloid (NC) scintigraphy as a method for identifying patients with active joint disease in a group with peripheral joint pain of varying aetiology. Fifty-nine patients with peripheral joint pain were divided into two groups: those with clinical signs of active joint inflammation and those without objective signs. Thirty-four patients clinically diagnosed as having active joint disease had a total of 117 joints (95 large and 22 small) involved. 99Tc(m) NC identified 96 (79 large and 17 small) of these joints. Twenty-five patients were negative clinically. Twenty-two of these were scan negative. The other three had a total of 11 scan positive joints. The correlation coefficient between clinical and scan findings was 0.79. There was no significant difference shown between clinical evaluation and scintigraphy (z=-1.64, P = 0.1004). 99Tc(m) NC proved to be an effective method for identifying patients with active peripheral joint disease from among a group with arthralgia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Psoriatic arthritis: outcome of disease subsets and relationship of joint disease to nail and skin disease.

Subgroups of PsA have been described but their relationship to the mode of onset of arthritis, to DIP joint disease and to nail and skin disease remains controversial. Therefore, the pattern of disease was documented in 100 patients with PsA in whom the mode of onset was known. The patients were divided into six subgroups: monoarthritis; DIP joint disease only; oligoarthritis; polyarthritis; spondyloarthropathy and arthritis mutilans. Sixty-four patients changed pattern. Nail disease (67% of total) was more common in patients with DIP joint disease (27% of total) and was significantly associated with adjacent DIP joint disease. Skin and nail disease severity did not correlate with joint severity, joint activity or functional status, nor differ between subgroups. Therefore, the mode of onset does not predict outcome in the majority. The topographic association of nail disease and involvement of the adjacent DIP joints suggests a common local inflammatory mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Exfoliative cytology interpretation of synovial fluid in joint disease.

Criteria for the specific diagnoses of the several arthritides, on the basis of exfoliative cytology examination of fluids aspirated from diseased joints, were derived from examinations of 126 specimens of synovial fluid. They were screened cytologically and wholly on the basis of the cytological findings were classified into seven groups: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, traumatic arthritis, gouty arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, pigmented villonodualr synovitis, and septic arthritis. The cytological features of each group appeared relatively constant and reproducible. Subsequent comparison of the clinical and cytological diagnoses showed excellent correlation.

Arthritis↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnostic imaging of inflammatory rheumatic joint diseases. Part I: peripheral joints].

The options for peripheral joint imaging in inflammatory joint diseases have increased markedly over the last few years. High-frequency ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in particular appear to have a large potential in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication of these diseases. However, the new methods have still to be fully validated. In clinical practice, it is essential to use a validated method, generally conventional radiography, as the first "basic" imaging modality. As newer methods may provide significant additional information, it is also very important that the value of these is evaluated in scientific studies. This article reviews current knowledge of conventional radiography, computer tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of peripheral joints in inflammatory joint diseases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Diagnostic accuracy of TMJ vibration analysis for internal derangement and/or degenerative joint disease.

Lower joint arthrography and videofluoroscopy were used to diagnose 297 joints from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. The surface vibrations of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were recorded by electrovibratography and a parameter set was derived through frequency analysis. Total vibration energies were used as the primary separating threshold for abnormal joints. The following conditions were statistically discriminated by multi-variate analyses: I) meniscal displacement with reduction; II) meniscal displacement with a partial disk reduction; III) meniscal displacement without reduction; and IV) degenerative joint disease and/or perforation of the disk. Using the total vibration energy as a threshold, the diagnostic sensitivity for the abnormal joints was 82%, while the diagnostic specificity for the joints with no evidence of internal derangement was 75%. Discriminant analysis for the above-mentioned four conditions revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of 79.0%, 85.7%, 77.1% and 76.3% for conditions I, II, III and IV, respectively. The diagnostic specificity was 76.2%, 79.9%, 59.0% and 77.9% for conditions I, II, III and IV, respectively. It was concluded that vibration analysis of the TMJ could be clinically useful as a screening examination for TMD patients.

Discriminant Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Histomorphometric analysis of osteopenia associated with endemic osteoarthritis (Mseleni joint disease).

Mseleni Joint Disease (MJD), a polyarticular osteoarthritis of uncertain etiology is endemic among the Tonga-Zulu tribe. The traditional diet is deficient in calcium, and palm wine (2-4% alcohol) is drunk widely. Patients with MJD are reported to be more osteopenic than those without. Iliac bone biopsies of 19 arthritic patients were examined by routine histomorphometry and revealed decreased trabecular bone volume (p less than 0.0005), increased resorption surfaces (p less than 0.01), decreased bone formation rate at the BMU (p less than 0.01) level and increased mineralization lag time (p less than 0.01). Six of the 19 patients (31.6%) had features of osteomalacia and six (31.6%) signs of osteoblast failure. The most likely cause of the bone disorder is calcium deficiency, but inanition, inactivity and alcohol abuse may have contributed. Although the joint disorder may have contributed to the bone disorder, the converse is unlikely the case.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of tolmetin on the chronic pain and decreased functional capacity associated with degenerative joint disease.

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is a common disorder characterized by chronic pain and limitation of activity, for which treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is often useful. The anti-inflammatory activity of the NSAID tolmetin sodium has been well described, being comparable in efficacy to indomethacin and effective for the relief of the acute and chronic symptoms that accompany DJD. To examine specifically the effect of tolmetin in controlling the pain and functional limitation in DJD of the spine, tolmetin was tested against placebo in a double-blind, two-segment, crossover study. Twenty-six patients (mean age, 62.5 years; range, 42-79 years) received three weeks of tolmetin 1,200 mg/d and three weeks of placebo. The results showed that tolmetin provided significantly greater relief of symptoms than placebo in virtually all measurements of joint pain and stiffness: tenderness, pain at rest, pain on motion, intensity of joint pain (P less than 0.001), and duration of morning stiffness (P = 0.002). Statistically significant improvement was noted in two of the three measures of cervical range of motion (P less than or equal to 0.01) and in all assessments of daily living activities (P = 0.001 in four parameters; P = 0.02 in a fifth parameter). Global evaluations of response to treatment by both patients and investigator also demonstrated significant effects (P less than or equal to 0.002). Significantly more placebo patients (13 of 26) than tolmetin patients (two of 26) found the medication ineffective and discontinued treatment prematurely (P = 0.01). No serious or limiting adverse reactions were seen during placebo or tolmetin therapy. The most frequently reported side effects on both therapies were gastrointestinal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗