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PubMed1953

The effects of administration of sodium iodate to man and animals.

Acute and chronic toxicity tests with sodium iodate were carried out on mice and rabbits to determine the feasibility of using sodium iodate in the place of iodide for the iodization of salt. It was found that mice tolerated single oral doses of 250 mg of sodium iodate per kg of body-weight, while rabbits tolerated twice-weekly oral doses of 10 mg per kg of body-weight for six weeks. Long-term oral administration of sodium iodate to rabbits and their offspring at a level of 1 mg per kg of body-weight twice weekly, for periods of up to one year, produced no signs of ill-health. Histological examination showed that the livers, kidneys, and retinae of these rabbits were normal. The equivalent weekly amount for a man weighing 70 kg would be 140 mg. It is therefore concluded that it would be safe to recommend the iodization of salt with sodium iodate to a level of 1 part of NaIO(3) in 20,000 parts of salt. On the basis of a weekly intake of 70 g of salt, this would provide 3.5 mg of NaIO(3), which is equivalent to 2.2 mg of iodine. Finally, the author considers that sodium iodate should be used for the iodization of salt only when the type of salt available or the environmental conditions cause excessive loss of iodine from iodide.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The formation of iodate as a reason for the decrease of efficiency of iodine containing disinfectants (author's transl)].

Methods are given to calculate the iodate equilibrium concentrations in aqueous solutions of iodine, containing additional iodide as well as the reaction times concerning the transformation of iodine to iodate. Using the results, which have been obtained evaluating in this manner solutions of triiodide (CI2 = CI- = 10(-6)--10(-1) M/l) as well as 0.03 M iodine solutions containing varying amounts of iodide (0--0.12 M/l) the following conclusions concerning the stability of iodine containing disinfecting agents can be made; 1. Below pH 6 a decrease of the disinfecting effectiveness owing to the formation of iodate can be excluded. 2. Above pH 7 the formation of iodate, whose extent depends extremely on the pH-value as well as the iodide concentration, has to be regarded very carefully. Raising the pH-value lowers the stability (iodate formation increases) while raising the iodide concentration improves the stability (iodate formation is reduced). 3. Because of the stabilizing effect of the iodide ion, provided that its concentration is high enough, the opposite effect of the pH-value can be overcompensated and as a result of this iodine containing agents can exhibit a stability sufficient for practice also in the weak alkaline range (pH less than 9).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

Four simple procedures for the assay of methdilazine in bulk drug and in tablets and syrup using potassium iodate.

Four simple, selective, accurate and reproducible procedures are described for the assay of methdilazine in bulk form and in formulations. One titrimetric and three spectrophotometric methods are based on the oxidation of the drug with potassium iodate, and determination of either excess iodate or iodine released in the reaction. In the titrimetric method (Method A) the drug is reacted with a known excess of iodate in sulphuric acid medium followed by the iodometric determination of residual oxidant. The residual oxidant is determined by reacting it with variamine blue and measuring the absorbance of the oxidised dye at 540 nm (Method B). The second spectrophotometric method (Method C) is based on the oxidation of the drug in sulphuric acid medium in the presence of chloride ions by a large excess of iodate and the iodate being reduced to iodine. The ICl(2)(-) generated in this reaction is used to iodinate 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein dye, and the red colour of the iodinated dye is measured at 525 nm. The other spectrophotometric method (Method D) also involves the oxidation of the drug in acid medium by a large excess of iodate with the liberation of iodine and its subsequent extraction with carbon tetrachloride followed by measuring the absorbance 520 nm. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of methdilazine in tablets and syrup and the results obtained in agreement with the label claim.

Drug Compounding↗
PubMed2003

Hydrothermal preparation, structures, and NLO properties of the rare earth molybdenyl iodates, RE(MoO2)(IO3)4(OH) [RE = Nd, Sm, Eu].

The reactions of RE(IO3)3 [RE = Nd, Sm, Eu] with I2O5 and MoO3 in a 1:2:2 molar ratio at 200 degrees C in aqueous media provide access to RE(MoO2)(IO3)4(OH) [RE = Nd (1), Sm (2), Eu (3)] as pure phases as determined from powder X-ray diffraction data. Single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments demonstrate that these compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the chiral and polar space group P2(1). The structures are composed of three-dimensional networks formed from eight-coordinate, square antiprismatic RE3+ cations and MoO2(OH)+ moieties that are bound by bridging iodate anions. The Mo(VI) centers are present in distorted octahedral environments composed of two cis-oxo atoms, a hydroxo group, and three bridging iodate anions arranged in a fac geometry. There are four crystallographically unique iodate anions in the structures of 1-3, one of these is actually present in the form of a IO3+1 polyhedron where a short interaction of 2.285(4) A is formed between the iodate anion and the hydroxo group bound to the Mo(VI) center. This interaction results in significant distortions of the iodate anion similar to those found in tellurites with TeO3+1 units. Two of the four iodate anions are aligned along the polar b-axis, imparting the required polarity to these compounds. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements on sieved powders of 1 show a response of 350 x alpha-quartz. Crystallographic data: 1, monoclinic, space group P2(1), a = 6.9383(5) A, b = 14.0279(9) A, c = 7.0397(5) A, beta = 114.890(1) degrees, Z = 2; 2, monoclinic, space group P2(1), a = 6.9243(6) A, b = 13.963(1) A, c = 7.0229(6) A, beta = 114.681(1) degrees, Z = 2; 3, monoclinic, space group P2(1), a = 6.9169(6) A, b = 13.943(1) A, c = 7.0170(6) A, beta = 114.542(1) degrees, Z = 2.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Structural and spectroscopic trends in actinyl iodates of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium.

Two neptunyl(VI) iodates, NpO(2)(IO(3))(2)(H(2)O) (1) and NpO(2)(IO(3))(2).H(2)O (2), have been prepared from the aqueous reactions of Np(V) in HCl with KIO(4) or H(5)IO(6) at 180 degrees C and have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Both compounds consist of two-dimensional arrangements of pentagonal bipyramidal [NpO(7)] polyhedra with axial neptunyl, NpO(2)(2+), dioxocations. In 1, the neptunium centers are bound in the equatorial plane by four bridging iodate anions and one terminal water molecule. The iodate anions link the [NpO(7)] units into corrugated sheets that interact with one another through intermolecular IO(3)(-)...IO(3)(-) interactions as also observed in UO(2)(IO(3))(2)(H(2)O). Compound 2 is isostructural with the recently reported PuO(2)(IO(3))(2).H(2)O, where oxygen atoms from bridging iodate anions occupy the five equatorial sites around the neptunyl moieties. The iodate anions occur as both mu(2)- and mu(3)-units and link the neptunyl polyhedra into sheets. Both types of iodate anions have their stereochemically active lone-pair of electrons aligned on one side of each layer creating a polar structure. Raman spectra of 1, UO(2)(IO(3))(2)(H(2)O), and PuO(2)(IO(3))(2).H(2)O show a sequential shift of the nu(1)(AnO(2)(2+)) stretch to lower wavenumber as the atomic number of the actinide is increased. Crystallographic data: 1, orthorhombic, space group Pcan, a = 7.684(2) A, b = 8.450(2) A, c = 12.493(3) A, Z = 4; 2, orthorhombic, space group Pna2(1), a = 7.314(1) A, b = 11.631(2) A, c = 9.449(2) A, Z = 4.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Power from below: enabling communities to ensure the provision of iodated salt in Kyrgyzstan.

BACKGROUND: In Kyrgyzstan, as in many countries around the world, progress in universal salt iodization has been slow because of difficulties in enforcing existing national regulations. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of community testing of the iodine content of salt in households, at local retailers, and at wholesale markets on the percentage of households using iodized salt in Naryn Oblast, a region of Kyrgyzstan. METHODS: In response to a stated community priority to address iodine deficiency in Naryn Oblast, volunteers from village health committees and personnel of Primary Health Care units living in the communities were trained in testing salt using test kits. A phased introduction of two testing components was conducted in 2002-2003 in two areas with a combined population of 160,000. The two components included testing of salt for iodine content by community members in as many households as possible (Component 1) and testing of retail salt for iodate content by community members and by retailers at wholesale markets (Component 2). Results from these two components provided the data for this study. RESULTS: For Component 1, salt testing reached 65% of households; coverage of iodized salt increased from 87.6% to 96.8% within 5 to 7 months (averages of the two areas; p < .001), mostly owing to a great decrease in the variation among settlements. For Component 2, in area 1, the percentage of households using iodated salt increased from 71.0% to 90.3% within 5 to 7 months, whereas the percentage of households using iodinated salt decreased from 18.6% to 5.6%. In area 2, the percentage of households using iodated salt increased from 65.2% to 76.2% within 5 to 7 months, with no change in the percentage of households using iodinated salt (21.7% and 20.8%). The differences between areas I and 2 are highly significant (p < .001). At 18 to 21 months, the percentage of households using iodated salt was 97.5% in area 1 and 90.2% in area 2. The intervention cost around U.S. dollars 1500. CONCLUSIONS: Testing salt in a large percentage of households is an effective, low-cost approach to increasing the percentage of households using iodized salt to satisfactory levels in a very short time. Empowering community members to check salt at retailers and retailers to check salt at wholesale markets with test kits for iodated salt can rapidly ensure almost exclusive consumption of iodated salt in households.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2004

Simultaneous determination of iodide and iodate in seawater by transient isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis with artificial seawater as the background electrolyte.

We developed capillary zone electrophoresis with transient isotachophoresis (ITP) as an on-line concentration procedure for simultaneous determination of iodide and iodate in seawater. The effective mobility of iodide was decreased by addition of 20 mM cetyltrimethylammonium chloride to an artificial seawater background electrolyte so that transient ITP functioned for both iodide and iodate. Limits of detection for iodide and iodate were 4.0 and 5.0 microg/l (as iodine) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Values of the relative standard deviation of peak area, peak height, and migration times for iodide and iodate were 2.9, 1.3, 1.0 and 2.3, 2.1, 1.0%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to simultaneous determination of iodide and iodate in seawater collected at a pond at our university.

Electrolytes↗
PubMed2005

Study on the influence of potassium iodate on the metabolism of Escherichia coli by intrinsic fluorescence.

Intrinsic fluorescence, in particular, has the advantage over the extrinsic fluorescence of an unperturbed environment during investigation, especially in complex systems such as biological cells and tissues. Potassium iodate may restrain bacteria growth as well as it acts as an additive in the salt. The influence of potassium iodate (KIO3) on the metabolism of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is investigated for the first time with the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan (Trp) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). We found that potassium iodate may restrain the growth of E. coli as a bacteriostatic agent. When the potassium iodate concentration was below 1.32 mmol/L, the intensity of tryptophan fluorescence decreased linearly whereas the NADH fluorescence did not change. When the KIO3 concentration was over 1.32 mmol/L, the fluorescence of tryptophan and NADH increased a little and their fluorescence intensity decreased when KIO3 was over 6.67 mmol/L. And the bacteria could not continue growing if the KIO3 was over 6.67 mmol/L.We could conclude that potassium iodate has great inhibiting effects on the growth of E. coli through the pathway of protein synthesis and respiratory chain.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2006

Spectrophotometric study of the reaction mechanism between DDQ as pi-acceptor and potassium iodate and flucloxacillin and dicloxacillin drugs and their determination in pure and in dosage forms.

Two simple and accurate spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of beta-lactam drugs, flucloxacillin (Fluclox) and dicloxacillin (Diclox), in pure and in different pharmaceutical preparations. The charge transfer (CT) reactions between Fluclox and Diclox as electron donors and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) pi-acceptor and potassium iodate via oxidation reduction reaction where the highly coloured complex species or the liberated iodine have been spectrophotometrically studied. The optimum experimental conditions have been studied carefully. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 2-450 microg ml(-1) for Fluclox and 10-450 microg ml(-1) for Diclox using DDQ reagent and at 50-550 microg ml(-1) for Fluclox and 50-560 microg ml(-1) for Diclox using iodate method, respectively. For more accurate results, Ringbom optimum concentration range is calculated and found to be 6-450 and 15-450 microg ml(-1) for Fluclox and Diclox using DDQ, respectively, and 65-550 and 63-560 microg ml(-1) for Fluclox and Diclox using iodine, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity is found to be 0.018 and 0.011 microg cm(-2) for DDQ method and 0.013 and 0.011 microg cm(-2) for iodate method for Fluclox and Diclox, respectively, which indicates the high sensitivity of both methods. Standard deviation (S.D.=0.01-0.80 and 0.07-0.98) and relative standard deviation (R.S.D.=0.13-0.44 and 0.11-0.82%) (n=5) for DDQ and iodate methods, respectively, refer to the high accuracy and precision of the proposed methods. These results are also confirmed by between-day precision of percent recovery of 99.87-100.2 and 99.90-100% for Fluclox and Diclox by DDQ method and 99.88-100.1 and 99.30-100.2% for Fluclox and Diclox by iodate method, respectively. These data are comparable to those obtained by British and American pharmacopoeias assay for the determination of Fluclox and Diclox in raw materials and in pharmaceutical preparations.

Benzoquinones↗
PubMed2002

Sensitive kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of iodate in iodized table salt based on its accelerating effect on the reaction of bromate with chloride ion in the presence of hydrazine.

A simple, precise, sensitive and accurate method was developed for rapid determination of trace quantities of iodate. The method is based on the accelerating effect of iodate on the reaction of bromate and chloride acid in the presence of hydrazine in acidic media. The decolorization of Methyl Orange with the reaction products was used to monitor the reaction spectrophotometrically at 525 nm. Iodate could be determined in the concentration ranges of 0.03 - 1.2 microg ml(-1). The relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations of 0.3 microg ml(-1) of iodate was 1.65%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of iodate in table salts with satisfactory results.

Bromates↗
PubMed1989

[Pathologic response of the weak damaged retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)--affected by sodium iodate (NaIO3)].

We examined the cellular responses of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damaged by sodium iodate. RPE was damaged by intravenous administration of sodium iodate, 10mg per kg body weight, in rats. This dose of the agent damaged RPE weakly. Twenty-four hours after the administration of sodium iodate, polystyrene particles were injected into the subretinal space trans-sclerally. Rats were sacrificed at 6 hours to 4 days after injection of particles. Twenty four hours after injection of sodium iodate, RPE were weakly damaged. The cell organelles were swollen and ruptured, but cell structures were not destroyed. Then particles were injected into the subretinal space, RPE did not phagocytize the particles until 24 hours after the injection of particles. After 48 hours, RPE showed proliferation. After 4 days, RPE formed thick multilayers in the subretinal space and transformed to spindle shapes, and RPE underwent metaplasia to fibroblast-like cells. However proliferation of RPE was not marked. RPE cells weakly damaged by sodium iodate showed delay in phagocytosis of the particles and decrease in proliferation and metaplasia to fibroblast-like cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Salt iodation in Kenya for national prophylaxis of iodine deficiency disorders.

This survey was conducted to monitor and evaluate the extent of salt iodation in Kenya in 1990/91. 799 salt samples were collected from 40 districts/municipalities in Kenya out of a possible 44. The samples originated from 16 different local manufacturers/packers. 35.4% of the salt samples were from a single manufacturer, and were available in all the districts/municipalities. 127 (15.9%) samples complied with the legislation of 168.5g/kg. Five samples had exceptionally high iodate--a mean of 8147.1g/kg. The mean iodate content of all samples analysed was 151 mg/kg. Uniformity of iodation was lacking as indicated by high standard deviations. Two manufacturers had iodate content complying with the minimum 168.5mg/kg required by the legislation.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Lack of genotoxicity of potassium iodate in the alkaline comet assay and in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. Comparison to potassium bromate.

Iodine could be added to the diet of human population in the form of iodide or iodate but iodate had not been adequately tested for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present study, genotoxic effects of potassium iodate were evaluated in vitro using the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay on CHO cells and compared to halogenate salt analogues potassium bromate and chlorate and also to their respective reduced forms (potassium iodide, bromide and chloride). The results showed that the comet assay failed to detect the presence of DNA damage after a treatment of cells by potassium iodate for concentrations up to 10 mM. This absence of primary DNA damage was confirmed in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. In the same way, results showed that potassium chlorate as well as potassium iodide, bromide and chloride did not induced DNA damage in the alkaline comet assay for doses up to 10 mM. By contrast, potassium bromate exposure led to an increase in both DNA damage and frequency of micronucleated cells. The repair of bromate-induced DNA damage was incomplete 24 h after the end of treatment. These results seem to indicate that potassium bromate would induce DNA damage by several mechanisms besides oxidative stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Trace analysis of bromate, chlorate, iodate, and perchlorate in natural and bottled waters.

A simple and rapid method has been developed to simultaneously measure sub-microg/L quantities of the oxyhalide anions bromate, chlorate, iodate, and perchlorate in water samples. Water samples (10 mL) are passed through barium and hydronium cartridges to remove sulfate and carbonate, respectively. The method utilizes the direct injection of 10 microL volumes of water samples into a liquid chromatography-tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Ionization is accomplished using electrospray ionization in negative mode. The method detection limits were 0.021 microg/L for perchlorate, 0.045 microg/L for bromate, 0.070 microg/L for iodate, and 0.045 microg/L for chlorate anions in water. The LC-MS/MS method described here was compared to established EPA methods 300.1 and 317.1 for bromate analysis and EPA method 314.0 for perchlorate analysis. Samples collected from sites with known contamination were split and sent to certified laboratories utilizing EPA methods for bromate and perchlorate analysis. At concentrations above the reporting limits for EPA methods, the method described here was always within 20% of the established methods, and generally within 10%. Twenty-one commercially available bottled waters were analyzed for oxyhalides. The majority of bottled waters contained detectable levels of oxyhalides, with perchlorate < or = 0.74 microg/L, bromate < or = 76 microg/L, iodate < or = 25 microg/ L, and chlorate < or = 5.8 microg/L. Perchlorate, iodate, and chlorate were detectable in nearly all natural waters tested, while bromate was only detected in treated waters. Perchlorate was found in several rivers and reservoirs where itwas not found previously using EPA 314.0 (reporting limit of 4 microg/L). This method was also applied to common detergents used for cleaning laboratory glassware and equipmentto evaluate the potential for sample contamination. Only chlorate appeared as a major oxyhalide in the detergents evaluated, with concentrations up to 517 microg/g. Drinking water treatment plants were also evaluated using this method. Significant formations of chlorate and bromate are demonstrated from hypochlorite generation and ozonation. From the limited data set provided here, it appears that perchlorate is a ubiquitous contaminant of natural waters at trace levels.

Bromates↗
PubMed2005

Oxidation of a dimethylthiourea metabolite by iodine and acidified iodate: N,N'-dimethylaminoiminomethanesulfinic acid (1).

The two major metabolites after S-oxygenation of dimethylthiourea (dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfinic acid, DMAIMSA, and dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfonic acid, DMAIMSOA) were synthesized and tested for their reactivities in the presence of mild oxidants, aqueous iodine and acidic iodate. The stoichiometry of the iodate-DMAIMSA reaction is 2IO3- + 3NHCH3(=NCH3)CSO2H + 3H2O --> 3SO4(2-) + 2I- + 3CO(NHCH3)2 + 6H+ (A). The reaction commences with immediate formation of aqueous iodine, which is produced from the reaction between the iodide product of stoichiometry (A) and reactant iodate. The instant accumulation of aqueous iodine is due to the very slow reaction of iodine with both DMAIMSA and DMAIMSOA. In excess iodate over that required for stoichiometry (A), the stoichiometry of the reaction is 4IO3- + 5NHCH3(=NCH3)CSO2H + 3H2O --> 5SO4(2-) + 2I2 + 5CO(NHCH3)2 + 6H+ (B). Even though excess DMAIMSA solutions do not afford iodine, the initial rapid formation of iodine is still observed, which reaches a peak and then decays to conform to stoichiometry (A). The maximum transient iodine concentrations obtained are directly proportional to the acid concentrations because acid catalyzes formation of iodine and retards reactions that consume iodine. The zwitterionic forms of DMAIMSA and DMAIMSOA are very stable in acid, and DMAIMSOA, especially, is very inert and unreactive in low pH environments. The predominant pathway for the oxidation of DMAIMSOA is through an initial hydrolysis reaction to yield bisulfite and dimethylurea, while the oxidation of DMAIMSA proceeds through DMAIMSOA as well as through an early heterolytic cleavage of the C-S bond to produce a highly reducing sulfoxylate species, SO2(2-), which is later rapidly oxidized to sulfate. In aerobic conditions, the sulfoxylate species reacts with molecular oxygen to produce superoxide anion radical, which in turn will form hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals which will bring with them inadvertent genotoxicity.

Acids↗
PubMed2004

Selecting iodine-enriched vegetables and the residual effect of iodate application to soil.

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to select vegetables for iodine uptake. The residual effect of iodate fertilization on the growth of and iodine uptake by spinach plants were also investigated. Six vegetables, including leafy vegetables (pakchoi [Brassica chinensis L.], spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.]), tuber vegetables (onion [Allium cepa L.]), shoot vegetables (water spinach [Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.], celery [Apium graveolens L.]), and root vegetables (carrot [Daucus carota var. sativa DC.]) were examined. Results showed that the concentrations of iodate in soil had significant effect on the biomass of edible parts of pakchoi and spinach (p<0.01), whereas the concentrations of iodate in soil had no significant effect on that of carrots, water spinach, celery, and onion. Iodine concentrations in edible parts of vegetables and the transfer factors (TFedible parts) of soil-to-edible parts of vegetables significantly increased with increasing iodine concentrations in soil (p<0.001), and iodine concentrations in edible parts and TFedible parts of spinach were much higher than those of other vegetables at any treatment. Both transfer coefficients for edible parts (TCedible parts) and for aerial parts (TCaerial parts) of vegetables changed differently with increasing iodine concentrations in the soil, and TCedible parts and TCaerial parts of spinach were higher than those of other vegetables. Therefore, spinach was considered as an efficient vegetable for iodine biofortification. Further experiment showed that there is considerable residual effect of soil fertilization with iodate.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speciation of iodide, iodine, and iodate in environmental matrixes by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using in situ chemical manipulation.

Dissolved iodine, iodide, and iodate are determined in environmental matrixes by in situ chemical manipulation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES). The method uses equipment commonly available to most laboratories involved in environmental inorganic analysis. Total dissolved iodine, iodide, and iodate are determined by ICPAES using iodine vapor generation. Total iodine is determined directly by ICPAES after filtration. Total dissolved iodide (I-) is oxidized in situ to iodine by the addition of sodium nitrite in sulfuric acid in a simplified continuous flow manifold. Iodate is determined by prereduction at the instrument before analysis by the in situ oxidation ICPAES procedure. A standard nebulizer produces the gas-liquid separation of the total iodine, which is then quantified by ICPAES at 206.16 nm. The instrument detection limit for the iodine analysis was 0.04 microgram/mL. Recoveries from seawater, saltwater, and freshwater standard reference materials ranged from 85 to 118% and averaged 98%. For samples containing both iodine and iodide, the total is determined with in situ oxidation, iodine is determined without the oxidizing reagents, and iodine is calculated from the difference. For samples containing all 3 species, pre-reduction is used and the iodine and iodide concentrations are subtracted for quantitation of iodate. The analysis is selective for these 3 species (I-, I2, and IO3). A group of 20-30 samples may be analyzed and quantitated for all 3 individual, commonly occurring iodide species in less than 1 h. The procedure is considerably faster than any other reported techniques. This method is especially well-suited to the analysis of small environmental samples.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2002

Mixed-metal uranium(VI) iodates: hydrothermal syntheses, structures, and reactivity of Rb[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(H(2)O)], A(2)[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(2)] (A = K, Rb, Cs), and K(2)[UO(2)(MoO(4))(IO(3))(2)].

The reactions of the molecular transition metal iodates A[CrO(3)(IO(3))] (A = K, Rb, Cs) with UO(3) under mild hydrothermal conditions provide access to four new, one-dimensional, uranyl chromatoiodates, Rb[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(H(2)O)] (1) and A(2)[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(2)] (A = K (2), Rb (3), Cs (4)). Under basic conditions, MoO(3), UO(3), and KIO(4) can be reacted to form K(2)[UO(2)(MoO(4))(IO(3))(2)] (5), which is isostructural with 2 and 3. The structure of 1 consists of one-dimensional[UO(2)(CrO(4))(IO(3))(H(2)O)](-) ribbons that contain uranyl moieties bound by bridging chromate and iodate anions as well as a terminal water molecule to create [UO(7)] pentagonal bipyramidal environments around the U(VI) centers. These ribbons are separated from one another by Rb(+) cations. When the iodate content is increased in the hydrothermal reactions, the terminal water molecule is replaced by a monodentate iodate anion to yield 2-4. These ribbons can be further modified by replacing tetrahedral chromate anions with MoO(4)(2)(-) anions to yield isostructural, one-dimensional [UO(2)(MoO(4))(IO(3))(2)](2)(-) ribbons. Crystallographic data: 1, triclinic, space group P(-)1, a = 7.3133(5) A, b = 8.0561(6) A, c = 8.4870(6) A, alpha = 88.740(1) degrees, beta = 87.075(1) degrees, gamma = 71.672(1) degrees, Z = 2; 2, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 11.1337(5) A, b = 7.2884(4) A, c = 15.5661(7) A, beta = 107.977(1) degrees, Z = 4; 3, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 11.3463(6) A, b = 7.3263(4) A, c = 15.9332(8) A, beta = 108.173(1) degrees, Z = 4; 4, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 7.3929(5) A, b = 8.1346(6) A, c = 22.126(2) A, beta = 90.647(1) degrees, Z = 4; 5, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 11.3717(6) A, b = 7.2903(4) A, c = 15.7122(8) A, beta = 108.167(1) degrees, Z = 4.

Journal Article↗