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[Do psychiatric patients receive disability pension before adequate diagnostics and treatment? Evaluation of 101 psychiatric expertises done on behalf of Swiss Invalidity Insurance and the Psychiatric Outpatient Department Basel in 2002].

OBJECTIVE: a) Does the psychiatric expertise confirm the claimed psychiatric diagnoses in patients applying for a disability pension due to a psychiatric (co)morbidity? b) Had the patients received adequate psychiatric treatment before being sent for the psychiatric disability expertise? METHODS: Key data of 101 psychiatric expertises done in 2002 on behalf of the Swiss invalidity insurance/Basel were analysed. RESULTS: a) 17% did not have a psychiatric diagnosis affecting the ability to work. In 50%, the ability to work was reduced by max. 30%, i. e. the prerequisites of a pension were not met. b) Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis affecting the ability to work: 50% reported to take a specific psychotropic medication, but only in 40% of them (i. e. 20% of the patients with a psychiatric disorder) the blood level was within the therapeutic range; only 35 % reported to have "some form of psychotherapy"; only 15% had been previously hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the 101 patients applying for a disability pension had not been sufficiently diagnosed and had not received adequate psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment before the expertise.

Adult↗

Psychopathology and mental health service utilization by immigrants' children and their families.

To investigate the psychopathology of immigrants' children and psychiatric service utilization by the immigrant families, data were collected from the files of all 35 immigrant children seen over a 3-year period at the Community Mental Health Centre of the Athens University Psychiatric Department. Immigrant children were matched by age, gender and intake date with 70 Greek children. Data concerned information about the child's place of birth, current living conditions, parents' country of origin, social and economic situation, occupations and educational status, social insurance, psychiatric history, referral source, diagnostic and therapeutic services rendered, number of sessions and outcome. Utilization of services was assessed 6 months after intake. No significant differences were found regarding family's structure and parents' psychopathology. However, immigrant families had significantly worse economic situations, lower status jobs, worse housing and were usually uninsured. No significant differences were observed regarding service utilization parameters, except concerning 'cooperation with other services' No differences were found regarding frequency or type of psychiatric diagnosis. However, 91% of the immigrant group received a psychosocial diagnosis as opposed to 49% of the Greek group. Immigrant children did not present more serious or diverse psychopathology than did Greek children. Immigrant families had equal levels of service utilization as Greek families. However, it was apparent that immigrant families did not apply for help as readily as their Greek counterparts.

Adolescent↗

Repeated users of a psychiatric emergency service in a Canadian general hospital.

The authors of this study examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of repeated users of psychiatric emergency room services in a general hospital. 37.8% of all the patients (913) seen during one year had one or more visits to the emergency room in the six months preceding the index emergency room consultation. Repeaters were more likely than nonrepeaters to be unmarried, self referred and with a history of previous psychiatric treatment for a chronic psychiatric disorder. Factors affecting frequency of use of psychiatric emergency room services among different diagnostic groups were also studied. These results demonstrated the heterogeneity of the needs of the diverse diagnostic groups who over-utilize costly emergency room services. Our findings showed that in a country with universal health insurance, psychiatric emergency services also tend to reflect the gaps in the delivery of health services in the hospital and the community.

Adult↗

Quality and cost-effective management of mental health care.

Corporations have reduced their mental health care benefits by limits on coverage for such services. We report on a comprehensive mental health care program, including prevention and early intervention, hospital utilization review, and consulting psychiatrist, which has improved the quality and has significantly reduced inpatient insurance psychiatric hospitalization costs. Mental health service coverage was actually enhanced. Inpatient psychiatric hospitalization costs 12 months before and after the implementation of a concurrent psychiatric hospital utilization review program were reviewed for a major corporation. Total hospital days and average length of stay decreased by 43% whereas total inpatient psychiatric hospital charges decreased by $309,518. Total inpatient days decreased by 1045. Quality and cost-effective comprehensive psychiatric health care services can be offered by major corporations providing that such benefits are carefully designed and managed.

Chicago↗

The impact of government insurance on a psychiatric clinic.

This paper considers the impact of a state medical insurance system on the structure of psychiatric services. The tendency of the upper socioeconomic classes to use private practitioners, and the lower classes to use public clinics, is examined before and after the imposition of the medical insurance system in Quebec in 1970. Data from one public clinic reveal a significant rise in the socioeconomic status of patients after Medicare. Alternative interpretations for the change in the clinic population are explored.

Hospitals, Psychiatric↗

Prevalence and risk factors for homelessness and utilization of mental health services among 10,340 patients with serious mental illness in a large public mental health system.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the prevalence of and risk factors for homelessness among all patients treated for serious mental illnesses in a large public mental health system in a 1-year period. The use of public mental health services among homeless persons was also examined. METHOD: The study included 10,340 persons treated for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression in the San Diego County Adult Mental Health Services over a 1-year period (1999-2000). Analytic methods that adjusted for potentially confounding variables were used. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios for the factors associated with homelessness, including age, gender, ethnicity, substance use disorder, Medicaid insurance, psychiatric diagnosis, and level of functioning. Similarly, odds ratios were computed for utilization of mental health services by homeless versus not-homeless patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of homelessness was 15%. Homelessness was associated with male gender, African American ethnicity, presence of a substance use disorder, lack of Medicaid, a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and poorer functioning. Latinos and Asian Americans were less likely to be homeless. Homeless patients used more inpatient and emergency-type services and fewer outpatient-type services. CONCLUSIONS: Homelessness is a serious problem among patients with severe mental illness. Interventions focusing on potentially modifiable factors such as substance use disorders and a lack of Medicaid need to be studied in this population.

Adult↗

In search of outcomes.

Psychiatric hospitals, stung by reports of alleged abuses, are furiously trying to work their way out of an industry slump by embracing outcomes research. For them, such research may be a way to justify the value and effectiveness of their services with increasingly demanding payer groups. Although outcomes research is fairly common in medical/surgical hospitals, its existence is new to mental health.

Data Collection↗

Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS); fiscal year 1994 updates--Office of the Secretary, DoD. Notice of updated mental health per diem rates.

This notice provides for the updating of hospital-specific per diem rates for high volume providers and regional per diem rates for low volume providers; the updated cap per diem for high volume providers; and the beneficiary per diem cost-share amount for low volume providers to be used for FY 1994 under the CHAMPUS Mental Health Per Diem Payment System.

Government Agencies↗