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PubMed1991

A comparative study of the ileal conduit, Kock pouch and modified Indiana pouch.

Between July 1986 and July 1988, 55 urinary diversion procedures were performed: 18 ileal conduits, 12 Kock pouches and 25 Indiana pouches. The different forms of urinary diversion were compared for patient selection, operative technical demands, postoperative complications, perioperative renal function, and short-term followup including re-hospitalizations, revisions, and pouch function. Patient selection was the same for the ileal conduit and Indiana pouch patients. Kock pouch patients were more highly selected for youth and health status. The operative technical demands of the ileal conduit and Indiana pouch were similar. The average operative time and blood loss for cystectomy and ileal conduit was 5:27 hours and 1290 cc's versus 5:30 hours and 1201 cc's for the Indiana pouch group. Postoperative complications and changes in renal function were similar among all three groups except for an increase in urinary anastomotic leaks in heavily irradiated ileal conduit patients. The ileal conduit patients required no re-hospitalizations or revisions; the Indiana pouch group had four re-hospitalizations and no revisions; the Kock pouch group had nine re-hospitalizations and three revisions. The day and night-time continence rate was 100% in both the Indiana and Kock pouch groups. The Indiana pouch has similar technical demands as the ileal conduit, has similar postoperative complications as the ileal conduit or Kock pouch, and functions well with a low revision rate. We conclude that the modified Indiana pouch can be just as safely and effectively accomplished in any patient requiring an ileal conduit.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of infant mortality to the availability of obstetrical care in Indiana.

BACKGROUND: Projects that are currently under way in Indiana to improve access to obstetrical care have not addressed the availability of these services in nonmetropolitan areas. This study was designed to identify all physicians who were providing obstetrical services in every county throughout the state to determine if there is a correlation between the availability of these services and the infant mortality rate in nonmetropolitan counties. METHODS: A state-wide physician profile maintained by the Indiana Academy of Family Physicians was cross-referenced with a telephone survey of all hospitals in the state to identify those physicians providing obstetrical services within each county in Indiana. The number of physicians in each county was then compared with the number of births per year by mothers from that county to determine whether nonmetropolitan counties had sufficient physicians to provide obstetrical services. Finally, these findings were compared with the most recent infant mortality rate for each nonmetropolitan county. RESULTS: A total of 610 family physicians, 311 obstetricians, and 75 general practitioners were providing obstetrical care in Indiana. There were 10 counties that did not have a physician who delivered babies practicing in that county. Thirty-two counties had more women who needed obstetrical care than the current number of physicians could serve. There was a negative correlation between physician availability and infant mortality in Indiana's nonmetropolitan counties (r = -.38; P less than .02). CONCLUSIONS: Access to care for pregnant patients is a major problem in rural Indiana and hampers Indiana's ability to reduce its current infant mortality rate.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1995

[Postoperative complications of self-catheterizable continent urinary diversions (Kock, Indiana, and appendiceal Mainz pouch) and patient care].

A self-catheterizable continent urinary reservoir has become one of the major options for urinary diversion in patients with invasive bladder cancer or other pelvic malignancies. We performed the Kock pouch, the Indiana pouch and the appendiceal Mainz pouch in 124, 51 and 4 patients with the mean followup periods of 50, 33, and 10 months, respectively. In the Kock pouch, the efferent and afferent nipple valve malfunction was seen in 16.7 and 21.3 percent each, requiring repair surgery, such as fixation of the efferent nipple to the pouch wall, reconstruction of an isoperistaltic nipple valve in the former, and removal of the Dacron fabric collar or re-anastomosis of the ureter to the pouch using LeDuc technique in the latter. In the Indiana pouch, stomal stenosis, an hourglass-like pouch deformity, difficult catheterization occurred in 3, 2 and 2 patients, respectively. Among the 4 patients with the appendiceal Mainz pouch, there were no major late postoperative complications except for mild stenosis of the conduit, handled with bougienage. As a whole, surgical revisions, related to urinary diversion, was done in 20.3, 10.6, 0 percent in the Kock, Indiana, Mainz pouch patients, respectively. Stone formation, mostly multiple and recurrent, occurred in 27.8, 6.4, 0 percent in the Kock, Indiana, Mainz pouch, respectively. Most of the stones were removed endoscopically via a stoma or by percutaneous approach. Acidosis was seen in 3 patients in both the Kock and Indiana pouch, and 3 patients with the Kock pouch suffered from symptomatic choleithiasis. At the time of the latest observation, continence was achieved in 90.2, 93.0, and 100 percent, whereas excretory urograms showed normal collecting systems in 64.5, 90.4, and 100 percent in the Kock, Indiana, and Mainz pouch, respectively. In conclusion, the Kock pouch, performed by an original method using unabsorbable polyester fabric collars and metallic staples, has an intolerably high rate of late complications, and either the modified Indiana pouch with ileal patch or the appendiceal Mainz pouch using the umbilicus as a stoma is recommended for a self-catheterization continent urinary diversion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparative inhibition of cellular transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes New Jersey and Indiana: role of each viral leader RNA.

We compared the ability of the leader RNAs of the New Jersey and Indiana serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus to inhibit transcription in infected host cells. The level of cellular RNA synthesis in cells infected with either serotype was drastically reduced by 5 h after infection. Studies with UV-inactivated virus demonstrated that shutoff of cellular RNA synthesis directly correlated with the ability of the infecting virus to transcribe its plus-stranded leader RNA. Although both serotypes inhibited cellular RNA synthesis, the Indiana serotype reduced synthesis to lower levels. In addition, an examination of the kinetics of leader RNA synthesis in vivo indicated that up to four times more leader RNA was produced in cells infected with the Indiana serotype than in those infected with the New Jersey serotype. However, in vivo studies also suggested that the leader RNA of the New Jersey serotype was a more efficient RNA inhibitor than was the Indiana serotype leader RNA. Although up to 2,900 copies of the leader RNA per cell could be detected in infected cells, only 550 copies of the Indiana and 100 copies of the New Jersey leader RNAs per cell were present in infected cells that were demonstrating 50% of the maximal inhibition of RNA synthesis. In an in vitro system, leader RNAs of both serotypes inhibited DNA-dependent transcription of the adenovirus late promoter and adenovirus-associated RNA genes, but the New Jersey serotype leader was also a better inhibitor in this reconstituted system. Data from the dose response of inhibition by each leader suggest that polymerase III transcription was more sensitive to inhibition by viral leaders than was polymerase II transcription. Polyadenylated viral mRNAs and the NS and N gene starts transcribed by both serotypes did not significantly inhibit transcription at levels at which the corresponding leader RNAs were inhibitory. Overall, our results strongly suggest a role for the plus-stranded leader RNAs of the New Jersey and Indiana serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus in inhibiting cellular transcription in vivo. We discuss differences in the nucleotide sequences of the two leader RNAs in relation to their differences in biological activity and to potential regulatory sequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Healthy cities: the Indiana model of community development in public health.

While the Institute of Medicine's Report on The Future of Public Health provokes debate on public health issues in the United States, the Healthy Cities movement is one approach to addressing many of these issues. Healthy Cities Indiana began in 1988 and adapts the European and Canadian healthy cities experience within the sociopolitical context of Indiana and the United States. Six Indiana cities are collaborating with Indiana University School of Nursing and the Indiana Public Health Association in a process of urban health promotion. The overall healthy cities process is presented including: city commitment, formation of healthy city committee, community leadership development, city action, provision of data-based information to policy makers, and action research and evaluation. Each step in the healthy cities process is described, highlighting examples from the Indiana experience, including an analysis of selected data describing the cities. The facilitators of a healthy city provide support to city leaders in other cities interested in becoming involved in the healthy cities process. Implications of healthy cities for health educators and other health professionals are suggested.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indiana infant-toddler dental care survey.

The purpose of this project was to survey Indiana dentists concerning dental care for Indiana infants and toddlers. Dental care issues covered were the age for a child's first dental visit, frequency of rampant or nursing caries cases examined, and dental referral sources for infants and toddlers. The survey also helped determine the dentist's perception of parents' attitudes toward services recommended by the dentist. A twelve question survey was mailed to 2006 general and pediatric dentists in the State of Indiana. The results of the survey were: 1. A large percentage of Indiana dental practitioners do not recommend the first dental visit or examine children for their dental visit until the child is more than one year of age. 2. A majority of Indiana dental practitioners see children with nursing caries or rampant caries on a monthly basis. 3. The majority of Indiana dental practitioners refer children with nursing caries to pediatric dentists for treatment. 4. Although the full treatment plan may undergo some modification based on various parental concerns, a majority of practitioners do not experience difficulty in obtaining treatment plan acceptance for nursing or rampant caries cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Echinococcus multilocularis identified in Indiana, Ohio, and east-central Illinois.

Echinococcus multilocularis was identified in a coyote in Indiana in January 1990. Subsequently, 300 wild canids (red foxes, gray foxes, coyotes) were collected from Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, and Kentucky and examined for this parasite. Of these, 41 (13.7%) were infected with E. multilocularis. Infected animals were from northern and central Indiana, northwestern Ohio, and east-central Illinois. Twenty-nine of 162 (17.9%) animals from northern and central Indiana were positive, versus 0 of 83 from southern Indiana. Infected animals from northern and central Indiana included 16 of 71 (22.5%) red foxes and 13 of 70 (18.6%) coyotes. In Ohio, 6 of 22 (27.3%) red foxes were infected, and in Illinois, 6 of 17 (35.3%) coyotes were positive. Mean intensity of infection for red foxes was 372 worms (range, 2-3, 640), and for coyotes, 6,579 worms (range, 1-52,000). These findings constitute new state and distribution records for E. multilocularis and a significant range extension for this parasite species in central North America.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Indiana Youth Access Project: a model for responding to the HIV risk behaviors of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth in the heartland.

The Indiana Youth Access Project (IYAP) is supported by the Special Projects of National Significance Program, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration. The IYAP is a model HIV care program being developed at the Indiana Youth Group, Inc. (IYG) in conjunction with the Indiana State Department of Health and Indiana University. Previous studies indicate that gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth are at increased risk of acquiring HIV because of the stigmatization and social marginalization they experience as a result of their sexual identities. During the course of the first 3 years of the demonstration, the program has served 418 young people, including nine who are HIV infected. The IYAP targets the special needs of this special population by confronting institutional barriers which limit these young people's access to HIV care services, assisting them in building stronger peer support networks, and providing them with professional case management and related services. The model builds upon the successful peer-support program established at IYG by incorporating a unique set of health, mental health, and social case-management services provided by trained professionals. In addition, the program incorporates an extensive peer-counselor training and outreach program which targets street youth and other at-risk young people. The program has provided education and training workshops on the special needs of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth to thousands of health care, education, and social service professionals both in central Indiana and around the nation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Comparative overwintering physiology of Alaska and Indiana populations of the beetle Cucujus clavipes (Fabricius): roles of antifreeze proteins, polyols, dehydration and diapause.

The beetle Cucujus clavipes is found in North America over a broad latitudinal range from North Carolina (latitude approximately 35 degrees N) to near tree line in the Brooks Range in Alaska (latitude, approximately 67 degrees 30' N). The cold adaptations of populations from northern Indiana (approximately 41 degrees 45' N) and Alaska were compared and, as expected, the supercooling points (the temperatures at which they froze) of these freeze-avoiding insects were significantly lower in Alaska insects. Both populations produce glycerol, but the concentrations in Alaska larvae were much higher than in Indiana insects (approximately 2.2 and 0.5 mol l(-1), respectively). In addition, both populations produce antifreeze proteins. Interestingly, in the autumn both populations have the same approximate level of hemolymph thermal hysteresis, indicative of antifreeze protein activity, suggesting that they synthesize similar amounts of antifreeze protein. A major difference is that the Alaska larvae undergo extreme dehydration in winter wherein water content decreases from 63-65% body water (1.70-1.85 g H2O g(-1) dry mass) in summer to 28-40% body water (0.40-0.68 g H2O g(-1) dry mass) in winter. These 2.5-4.6-fold reductions in body water greatly increase the concentrations of antifreeze in the Alaska insects. Glycerol concentrations would increase to 7-10 mol l(-1) while thermal hysteresis increased to nearly 13 degrees C (the highest ever measured in any organism) in concentrated hemolymph. By contrast, Indiana larvae do not desiccate in winter. The Alaska population also undergoes a diapause while insects from Indiana do not. The result of these, and likely additional, adaptations is that while the mean winter supercooling points of Indiana larvae were approximately -23 degrees C, those of Alaska larvae were -35 to -42 degrees C, and at certain times Alaska C. clavipes did not freeze when cooled to -80 degrees C.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

Dentists' participation and children's use of services in the Indiana dental Medicaid program and SCHIP: assessing the impact of increased fees and administrative changes.

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a study to evaluate whether administrative changes, including higher fee schedules for dental services in the Indiana dental Medicaid program and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), were associated with improved dentist participation and utilization of dental services by children. METHODS: The authors evaluated dentists' participation and children's use of services for the two years before fees were increased to 100 percent of the 75th percentile of usual and customary fees, compared with two years after the increase. They obtained administrative data from the Indiana Department of Family and Social Services Administration and the Indiana Department of Public Health to determine participation rates and service use. RESULTS: The number of dentists seeing a Medicaid-enrolled child increased from 770 in fiscal year (FY) 1997 to 1,096 in FY 2000. The number of Medicaid-enrolled children with any dental visit increased from 68,717 (18 percent) to 147,878 (32 percent), with little difference between children enrolled through the Medicaid-SCHIP and traditional Medicaid programs by FY 2000. The mean number of visits per child per year and the mean number of procedures per child per year remained relatively constant. The cost per enrolled child increased from dollars 1.70 to dollars 6.70 per month, while the cost per child with a visit increased from dollars 9 to dollars 21 per month. CONCLUSION: The increase in fees and changes in administration of the Indiana dental Medicaid program were positively associated with improved dentist participation and children's use of dental services. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Changes beyond increasing fees to 100 percent of the 75th percentile may be needed if Medicaid-enrolled children are to have access to dental care commensurate with their lower oral health status and greater need for services. Sustained fee increases also are important. As of 2003, no increase in dental fees had occurred in the Indiana Medicaid program since the increase in FY 1998.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia odocoilei DNA in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) collected in Indiana.

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, first reported in Indiana in 1987, has now been detected in more than half of Indiana's counties. The first case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (human anaplasmosis) in Indiana was reported in 2002. We now report the detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia odocoilei (Emerson and Wright 1968) in I. scapularis ticks collected in northern Indiana. Using polymerase chain reaction analysis, 41 of 193 adult ticks (21.2%) collected from deer were positive for A. phagocytophylum, and 22 (11.4%) were positive for Babesia sp. Restriction fragment analysis of 12, and sequencing of another five of the amplified products identified these parasites as B. odocoilei. Five ticks (2.6%) were coinfected. Eight of 68 questing adult ticks (11.8%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum; seven (10.3%) were positive for Babesia sp. Six of the latter seven positive samples were determined to be B. odocoilei by restriction fragment analysis and sequencing of two samples. None of 39 pools of nymphs was positive for Babesia sp. Three of 15 ticks (20%) collected from a dog were positive for A. phagocytophilum and three ticks (20%) were positive for Babesia sp. One was confirmed as B. odocoilei. One tick was coinfected. This is the first report of the presence of these two agents in ticks in Indiana.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum↗
PubMed1987

Seroconversion rates to Jamestown Canyon virus among six populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Indiana.

The annual seroconversion of fawns, yearlings, and adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Jamestown Canyon virus (California group) was followed at six Indiana sites from 1981 through 1984. In all, sera from 1,642 deer (515 fawns, 618 yearlings, and 509 adults) were tested for neutralizing antibody to three California serogroup viruses: Jamestown Canyon, La Crosse, and trivittatus. Virtually all deer with specific neutralizing antibody showed evidence of a prior infection with Jamestown Canyon virus; only three deer showed evidence of a prior infection with only La Crosse virus and none showed evidence of an infection with only trivittatus virus. While there were no significant differences in antibody prevalence to Jamestown Canyon virus between yearling and adult deer at any site, fawns had significantly lower antibody prevalences than either of the two older age groups. Significant differences in antibody prevalence were found between northern versus southern populations of white-tailed deer in Indiana, however, no significant differences were found among the four northern populations or between the two southern populations. The mean antibody prevalences in the two southern fawn, yearling, and adult populations were 15%, 38%, and 41% respectively, while the prevalences in the four northern fawn, yearling, and adult populations were 5%, 67%, and 67% respectively. These different prevalences (northern vs. southern) correlate with the higher Jamestown Canyon virus antibody prevalence in human residents of northern Indiana (2-15%) compared to residents of southern Indiana (less than 2%) found in other studies. The significantly lower prevalence of antibody to Jamestown Canyon virus in fawns is attributed to maternal antibody protecting them from a primary infection their first summer. Yearling deer showed high rates of seroconversion following their second summer of life. These results suggest that infection of white-tailed deer in Indiana with Jamestown Canyon virus is a common phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Long-term complications related to the modified Indiana pouch.

OBJECTIVES: To describe a single-institution, single-surgeon experience with 125 modified Indiana pouches performed during a period of 14 years and their long-term complications. The modified Indiana pouch is a widely accepted and often used form of continent urinary diversion. Few studies have established the long-term complication rates associated with the procedure. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 129 modified Indiana pouches constructed from March 1985 to August 1998 was performed, and the long-term complications and reoperation rates were tabulated. RESULTS: Complete information was obtained for 125 of the 129 charts, with a mean follow-up of 41.1 months (range 3 to 127). Complications occurred in 112 patients (89.6%; several patients had more than one complication), with a mean onset of 20.4 months (range 1 to 125) postoperatively. Seventy-three complications (58.4%) were due to the efferent limb, of which incontinence (defined as any leakage) was the most common (35 [28.0%]), followed by stomal stenosis in 19 (15.2%) and difficult catheterization in 12 (9.6%). Of the 26 pouch-related problems (21.8%) that occurred, the most common were stones in 13 (10.4%), perioperative leaks in 5 (4.0%), and perforations in 4 (3.2%). Ureteral anastomotic strictures were seen in 9 (7.2%). Other complications included gallstones in 32 (25.6%), kidney stones in 8 (6.4%), and small bowel obstruction in 6 (4.8%). Reoperation was performed in 65 patients (52.0%; several patients with more than one reoperation). Twenty-six (20.8%) of the patients required an open operation, and 39 (31.2%) received minimally invasive (percutaneous, endoscopic, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) procedures. Sixty percent of the reoperations were minimally invasive. Reoperation was due to stomal stenosis in 18 (14.4%), pouch stones in 13 (10.4%), ureteral strictures in 9 (7.2%), and parastomal hernias in 6 (4.8%). Small bowel obstruction required reoperation in 5 patients (4.0%). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, long-term complications of the modified Indiana pouch were mostly related to the efferent limb, and reoperations were usually due to stomal stenosis. Our data suggest that with longer follow-up, the complication and reoperation rates of the modified Indiana pouch appear to be higher than previously reported.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1996

Identification of a set of proteins (C' and C) encoded by the bicistronic P gene of the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus and analysis of their effect on transcription by the viral RNA polymerase.

Previous work (C.F. Spiropoulou and S.T. Nichol, 1993, J. Virol. 67, 3103-3110) has demonstrated the existence in cells infected with the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) of two small carboxy-coterminal proteins encoded by the P mRNA. These proteins have been named C' and C. We are interested in studying the function of these proteins in the virus life cycle. Toward this end, we have cloned the ORF encoding the potential C' protein of the Indiana serotype as a histidine-tagged fusion protein, purified the expressed protein from Escherichia coli, and used the fusion protein as an immunogen to raise antiserum in a rabbit. We have used this anti-C' protein serum to demonstrate that both of the predicted C' and C proteins are synthesized in cells infected with the Indiana serotype of VSV. In addition we have localized a portion of these proteins to nucleocapsids isolated from infected cells, suggesting that they may play a role in RNA synthesis. Reconstitution of the viral polymerase activity by expressing the L and P protein subunits with or without the C proteins failed to demonstrate any effect of the presence of these latter proteins on reconstituted transcription using purified nucleocapsids as templates. However, we have been able to show a dramatic stimulation of the polymerase activity in purified virions by the addition of purified C' protein to in vitro transcription reactions. Both the level and the fidelity of mRNA synthesis are stimulated by this protein. Evidence for the specificity of this effect comes from the fact that stimulation appears to be serotype specific; C' protein of the Indiana serotype stimulates transcription by purified Indiana serotype virions but has a minimal effect on transcription by purified virions of the New Jersey serotype. We are continuing our studies to determine the mechanism of this stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Spread of Ixodes scapularis (Acari:Ixodidae) in Indiana: collections of adults in 1991-1994 and description of a Borrelia burgdorferi-infected population.

Collection records for the adult black legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, in Indiana for the period 1991-1994 are presented and a new, established population of Borrelia burgdorferi-infected I. scapularis is described. The number of I. scapularis adults collected in Indiana increased progressively from 19 in 1991 to > 200 in 1994, and the number of Indiana counties reporting at least 1 adult increased from 13 to 29. Also, during this period, 4 countries in northwestern Indiana yielded > 10 specimens each, and B. burgdorferi-infected ticks were collected in 2 of these counties. An established population of I. scapularis, as evidenced by the presence of questing larvae, nymphs, and adults, was discovered in Jasper County in 1993. Twelve of 39 adults (31%) and 4 of 44 nymphs (9%) collected with cloth drags were infected with B. burgdorferi. Three of 49 (6%) white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, collected from the site were also infected with B. burgdorferi. We believe that this focus was established at least 8 yr ago, and that a tick originating from this focus was responsible for a case of Lyme disease reported from this county in 1985.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Infection rates of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) and prevalence of E. chaffeensis-reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer in southern Indiana, 1997.

To monitor the percentage and stability of Ehrlichia chaffeensis-infected ticks in southern Indiana over time, pools of Amblyomma americanum (L.) ticks were screened for infection in southern Indiana for a 2nd time. Nested polymerase chain reaction (with 6% DMSO included only in the 2nd reaction) was performed on 920 ticks in pools of 5 individuals from 9 sites (5 sites previously examined and 4 new ones) in 6 counties. The average minimum infection rate for all sites for 1997 was 1.6%, lower than that of 4.9% previously observed for 1995. However, when only the 5 sites that were positive for infected ticks in 1995 were reexamined, the average minimum infection rate was even more disparate (1.4% in 1997 and 5.1% in 1995). To correlate the presence of infected ticks with the presence of exposed deer, which serve as a reservoir, dried blood samples collected from hunter-killed deer at 2 locations in southern Indiana were tested for E. chaffeensis-reactive antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescent assay. Antibodies were detected in 45 and 47% of 98 samples examined from the 2 stations. These data provide support to our previous report of a population of E. chaffeensis-infected A. americanum in southern Indiana and the high proportion of deer previously exposed to E. chaffeensis suggests a stable maintenance of E. chaffeensis in this tick-vertebrate zoonotic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Reconstitution of infectivity and transcriptase activity of homologous and heterologous viruses: vesicular stomatitis (Indiana serotype), Chandipura, vesicular stomatitis (New Jersey serotype), and Cocal viruses.

RNA TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN RECONSTITUTED FROM FRACTIONATED COMPONENTS OF FOUR RHABDOVIRUSES: vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (Indiana serotype), Cocal, VSV (New Jersey), and Chandipura viruses. Heterologous reconstitution of transcription has been observed between template and enzyme fractions of VSV Indiana and Cocal viruses but not to any significant extent between components of the other two viruses with VSV Indiana template or enzyme. Homologous reconstitution of infectivity has been obtained for each virus from their respective parts as well as heterologous reconstitution between Cocal and VSV Indiana components.

Arboviruses↗
PubMed1975

An experiment in health careers recruitment: a summer program at Indiana University.

During the summer of 1973, the Indiana University Division of Optometry, via a Special Project Grant from the National Institutes of Health, conducted its first Summer Institute in the Health Related Professions for High School and College Students. Twenty-seven high school students and twenty-nine college students were brought to Indiana University for intensive sessions in career awareness, curriculum and financial counseling, and academic coursework. Assisted by the staffs of Indiana Health Careers, Inc. and the Indiana University Coordinators for School Science, the Institute awakened new interests and goals, relative to the health career prospectus, within the trainees. As a direct consequence of the summer program, four participants in the college institute were matriculated into schools of medicine, pharmacy, and optometry during the semester following the culmination of the Institute; ten more are participating in the followup program for continued guidance and counseling, seeking 1974 entrance into health professions schools and colleges. This experiment in health professions recruitment for minority, disadvantaged, and low-income students proved to be a viable method of increasing the manpower pool of health professionals.

Academies and Institutes↗