Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Iec”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Cloning and expression of mouse peroxiredoxin I in IEC-6 Cells.

AIM: To clone and express mouse peroxiredoxin I in IEC-6 cells. METHODS: Total RNAs were isolated from cultured IEC-6 cells, and the coding region of peroxiredoxin I was amplified by RT-PCR. After it was cloned into T-vector and sequenced, pSG5 was used to transiently express peroxiredoxin I in IEC-6 by liposome-mediated transfection, and the expression of peroxiredoxin I was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: A DNA fragment about 750 bp was amplified from total RNAs of IEC-6 cells using specific primers of peroxiredoxin I. The sequencing confirmed the coding region was successfully cloned into T-vector, which was completely coincident with the sequence in GeneBank. After the EcoRI-BamHI fragment of T-vector containing peroxiredoxin I was inserted into pSG5, the recombinant plasmid was transferred to IEC-6 cells. RT-PCR assay showed that a DNA fragment of 930 bp could be amplified, which indicated the transcription of pSG5-Prx. Western blot confirmed the expression of peroxiredoxin I in IEC-6 cells. CONCLUSION: Mouse peroxiredoxin I can be successfully expressed in IEC-6 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

IEC-18, a nontransformed small intestinal cell line for studying epithelial permeability.

Small intestinal epithelium is leaky and allows permeation of hydrophilic molecules of various sizes. Passively absorbed hydrophilic permeability probes have been shown to permeate across intestinal epithelium mainly through the paracellular pathways. In this study we introduce microporous filter-grown IEC-18 epithelial cells, a nontransformed small intestinal cell line, as a in vitro model of intestinal epithelium for the study of epithelial permeability. IEC-18 cells, originally derived from native rat ileal crypts, form confluent epithelium when grown on hydrated collagen-coated Millicell-CM permeable inserts (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.). With scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the presence of tight junctions and desmosomes between cells and the development of microvilli at the apical surface were confirmed. Immunofluorescent labeling of ZO-1 proteins and desmoplakins verified the presence of tight-junctional proteins (ZO-1) and desmosomes in the intercellular junctions of confluent IEC-18 epithelium. The net electrical resistance of IEC-18 epithelium (28 omega-cm2) was similar to resistance values obtained from small intestinal tissue with (50 to 100 omega-cm2) or without (20 to 45 omega-cm2) muscularis and serosal layers. Assessment of mannitol and dextran permeation revealed early "maturation" of paracellular pathway, with increasing restriction of permeation to both probes through day 4. Resistance across IEC-18 epithelium also reached plateau levels between 4 and 7 days. Permeability studies with various probes indicate that cross-sectional diameter rather than molecular weight of the probe is the important determinant of permeation rate. IEC-18 epithelium selectively restricted the permeation of probes proportional to probe size; permeation of larger probes such as albumin was negligible. We conclude that cultured IEC-18 epithelial cells, because of their native crypt origin, similarity in resistance to small intestinal epithelia, retention of ability to differentiate into villus-like enterocytes, and permeability characteristics, are a useful model of intestinal epithelium for the study of permeability and paracellular transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Transforming growth factor-beta and IL-1 beta act in synergy to enhance IL-6 secretion by the intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6.

Intestinal epithelial cells are a potentially important source for a number of cytokines that may modulate the immune response at the intestinal mucosa. We have recently begun to study the mechanisms that regulate IL-6 production by intestinal epithelial cells using the nontransformed crypt-like rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 as a model. Culture of the IEC-6 cells with human rIL-1 beta resulted in an enhanced secretion of IL-6 by the cells. RT-PCR analysis of IL-1 beta-treated cells showed an enhanced level of IL-6 mRNA at 4 h, suggesting that IL-1 beta enhanced IL-6 gene expression. In a previous study, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) was also found to enhance IL-6 secretion by the IEC-6 cells and because both IL-1 beta and TGF-beta may be present in inflamed mucosal tissue, the effect of adding both cytokines together was next investigated. Culture of the IEC-6 cells with both TGF-beta 1 and IL-1 beta resulted in a synergistic enhancement of IL-6 secretion that was seen even at high levels of both TGF-beta and IL-1 beta. IL-6 mRNA levels from cells treated with both TGF-beta 1 and IL-1 beta were also determined to be enhanced when compared to that of cells treated with IL-1 beta or TGF-beta 1 only, as determined by RT-PCR analysis. Pretreatment of the IEC-6 cells with TGF-beta 1 for 2 or 3 days before addition of the IL-1 beta induced the IEC-6 cells to differentiate and become more sensitive to stimulation by IL-1 beta. Subsequent experiments determined that TGF-beta enhanced the capacity of the IEC-6 cells to bind labeled IL-1 beta indicating that TGF-beta may have enhanced the expression of IL-1 receptors on the cells. These results suggest that the intestinal epithelial cell may represent an important source of IL-6 in inflammatory responses at the intestinal mucosa and that TGF-beta could potentiate this function.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cambodia. Programmatic approach to IEC on reproductive health.

Various UNFPA-funded population programs are now in place in six provinces and the capital and some more are in the pipeline. The ones currently being implemented include projects on maternal and child health and birth spacing, national population census, improvement of family health of displaced persons, and socio-economic research. Those in the pipeline are population education in the school system, gender and population issues, and population and environment. All the programs mentioned have implications for information, education and communication (IEC). To implement these programs effectively, UNFPA and the government realized the need for IEC support. To provide a coherent, integrated and holistic approach to the provision of IEC support to all the UNFPA-funded population activities, a programmatic approach to IEC was developed with the assistance of CST adviser on population communication, Mr. Francisco Roque. The IEC program will basically support the government policy of providing voluntary birth spacing services as a means to promote better maternal and child health through IECM activities; and to provide adequate information to selected target groups required to bring about desired behavioral changes in responsible reproductive decision-making and lifestyle. The target groups to be reached include: service providers and health workers, policymakers and administrators, women of reproductive age, men, and the adolescents aged 15-19 as well as teachers and trainers. The IEC interventions hope to create awareness of the benefits of birth spacing, introduce population concepts in curricula and appropriate health/teaching materials in selected medical schools and secondary schools, reduce misconceptions, provide proper counseling, and sustain government's interest and commitment to the population program.

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Identification of vitamin D-stimulated alkaline phosphatase in IEC-6 cells, a rat small intestine crypt cell line.

The IEC-6 cell line was derived from newborn rat small intestinal crypts and maintains characteristics of nontransformed crypt epithelial cells. We have reported that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a differentiation marker for intestinal epithelial cells, is regulated in IEC-6 cells by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we determined that the ALP in IEC-6 cells is the liver/bone/kidney ALP (LALP) isoenzyme and not the mature enterocyte form. Levamisole, a specific blocker for LALP, blocked the ALP activity of IEC-6 cells. Kinetic studies showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases Vm values of ALP in IEC-6 cells while Km values remain the same. Northern analysis of LALP mRNA levels in IEC-6 cells indicated that 10(-7) M 1,25(OH)2D3 acts by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity at the gene expression level.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

Prostaglandins and activation of AC/cAMP prevents anoikis in IEC-18.

Recent data indicates that chronic inflammation of the intestine such as Crohn's or ulcerative colitis puts those individuals at heightened risk for colorectal adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examine the effect of the inflammatory mediator PGE(2) and associated signalling on detachment-induced cell death (anoikis) in intestinal epithelial cells. Treatment of detached IEC-18 with 0.01-0.05 microM PGE(2) increased cell viability as well as induced aggregation. As EP4 prostaglandin receptors on IEC are coupled to adenylate cyclase, we next treated cells with agents that promote cAMP signalling (Forskolin, dbcAMP, and etazolate), all of which promoted IEC aggregation as well as survival. We next treated detached IECs with specific inhibitors of adenylate cyclase or PKA, which accelerated anoikis. To explore the mechanism of cell-cell adhesion, we next treated detached IECs with an anti-E-cadherin blocking antibody which dispersed aggregates induced by dbcAMP, and an adenovirus expressing a dominant negative E-cadherin (EcadDeltaEC) prevented aggregate formation. Interestingly EcadDeltaEC prevented aggregation of IEC induced by dbcAMP but did not significantly reduce viability. This suggests that cAMP signalling is important in both aggregate formation and promoting viability but these are distinct events. Taken together, these data support a mechanism whereby elevated PGE(2) levels characteristic of colitis prevent anoikis by activating an AC-, cAMP-, and PKA-dependent signalling pathway. The delay of apoptosis by PGE(2) may be one mechanism by which inflammation may contribute to carcinogenesis.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1998

Interactions between peripheral blood CD8 T lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells (iEC).

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are primarily CD8 cells and most of them have a CD28- phenotype, the phenotype of effector cytotoxic T cells. We asked whether the predominance of CD8+CD28- T cells in the gut may result from peripheral blood T cells preferentially migrating to the iIEL compartment and adhering to iEC. Compared with CD4 cells, adhesion of resting CD8+ T cells to iEC cell lines was significantly higher. Adhesion could be blocked with a MoAb to gp180, a molecule expressed on iEC which is known to interact with CD8/lck. No significant difference in the level of adhesion was observed between CD8+CD28+ and CD8+CD28- T cells. Thus CD8 cells may preferentially migrate to the iIEL compartment, but loss of CD28 expression could occur in situ after migration. Consistent with this hypothesis, the CD8+CD28- cells became enriched after co-culturing T cells with iEC cell lines and primary iEC. Induction of the CD8+CD28- phenotype in cord blood and adult T cells was observed in co-cultures with iEC and also with mitogens and superantigens. In the latter case, CD28 down-modulation was seen specifically in the Vbeta subset targeted by the superantigen, indicating that loss of CD28 expression is a direct result of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation. The combined results suggest that CD8+CD28- T cells are antigen experienced T cells, and that they may have a survival advantage in the presence of gut epithelial cells in vitro. This may contribute to the predominance of CD8+CD28- T cells in the iIEL compartment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Progress on isolation and short-term ex-vivo culture of highly purified non-apoptotic human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC).

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) form the largest surface of the human body and are of pivotal importance to digest and absorb nutrients. Furthermore these cells play a critical role shielding the organism against microorganisms and toxins present in the intestinal lumen. It is therefore not surprising that a large group of researchers take great interest in the study of these cells. However, to date it is a challenge to purify viable primary human intestinal epithelial cells and it has been even more fastidious to maintain IEC in culture ex-vivo as IEC undergo apoptosis within hours due to loss of cell anchorage ('anoikis') following the isolation process. Over recent years the authors aimed to continuously improve the isolation technique for primary IEC, allowing a simple, effective and rapid isolation of highly purified non-apoptotic human IEC. In this study the newly improved method is presented and applied to establish ex-vivo cultures of highly purified, fully viable primary IEC displaying important functional properties, making these cells amenable for ex-vivo research on primary human intestinal epithelial cells.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IEC interventions for health: a 20 year retrospective on dichotomies and directions.

In January 1997, the World Health Organization's Family Planning and Population Unit (WHO/FPP) commissioned a retrospective qualitative study of 20 years of experience in information, education, and communication (IEC) as it had been applied to public health initiatives globally. The purpose of the study, which relied on a literature search, a field survey, and in-depth interviews, was to examine lessons learned from two decades of experience in applying IEC interventions in support of public health in order to improve the integration of reproductive health services through IEC initiatives. While the focus of the study was on ways in which IEC can support reproductive health strategies, the discourse surrounding this effort pointed to a number of generic issues of interest or concern to all health education, communication, and promotion practitioners. An analysis and synthesis of "best practices" as perceived by IEC program managers, field implementers, donors, and evaluators revealed significant dichotomies and differences of opinion that have emerged in the field of IEC in recent years and helped to identify several areas for future operations research. This article articulates those divergent opinions, cites major areas for further research, and highlights a strategic approach to partnerships aimed at improving the delivery of health and communication programs.

Communication↗
PubMed1999

Both (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids stimulate wound healing in the rat intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6.

The control of proliferation and epithelial restitution are processes that are poorly understood. The effects of (n-3), (n-6) and trans fatty acids on proliferation of subconfluent IEC-6 cultures and restitution of wounded IEC-6 monolayers were investigated. Incorporation of supplemented fatty acids into cellular phospholipid was also assessed. Sulforhodamine B protein dye binding assay was utilized to assess the proliferative effects of fatty acids on growth of IEC-6 cultures. Incorporation of supplemental fatty acids into cellular phospholipid was examined by thin-layer chromatography combined with gas chromatography. The modulation of epithelial restitution was examined by razor blade wounding confluent IEC-6 monolayers grown in media supplemented with various fatty acids. Inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis by indomethacin during the wounding assay was also assessed. Both (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids significantly inhibited growth of this intestinal epithelial cell model at concentrations above 125 micromol/L. The trans fatty acid, linoelaidate 18:2(n-6)trans, inhibited growth of IEC-6 cells at concentrations above 250 micromol/L. Another trans fatty acid, elaidate 18:1(n-9)trans, was well-tolerated at concentrations as high as 500 micromol/L. Eicosapentanoic 20:5(n-3), linoleic 18:2(n-6), alpha-linolenic 18:3(n-3), gamma-linolenic 18:3(n-6) and arachidonic 20:4(n-6) acids all significantly enhanced cellular migration in the IEC-6 model of wound healing. Eicosapentanoate, linoleate, alpha-linolenate, gamma-linolenate and arachidonate are all capable of improving reconstitution of epithelial integrity following mucosal injury. Inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis reduced the enhancement of restitution by n-6 fatty acids back to control levels.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

RhoA stimulates IEC-6 cell proliferation by increasing polyamine-dependent Cdk2 activity.

Although RhoA plays an important role in cell proliferation and in Ras transformation in fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells, its role in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is unknown. In a previous study (Ray RM, Zimmerman BJ, McCormack SA, Patel TB, and Johnson LR. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 276: C684-C691, 1999), we showed that polyamine depletion [dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment] strongly inhibits the proliferation of IEC. In this report, we examined the effect of RhoA on IEC-6 cell proliferation and whether polyamine depletion inhibits cell proliferation in the presence of constitutively active RhoA. Constitutively active RhoA and vector-transfected IEC-6 cell lines were grown in the presence or absence of DFMO, which causes polyamine depletion by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, the first rate-limiting step in polyamine synthesis. Constitutively active RhoA significantly increased the rate of cell proliferation. These cells also lost contact inhibition and formed conspicuous foci when they were fully confluent. Decreased p21Waf1/Cip1 expression and increased cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk2) mRNA levels and activity accompanied the increased proliferation. The inhibition of p21Waf1/Cip1 was independent of p53. There was no activation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in the RhoA-transfected cell line. Polyamine depletion totally prevented the effect of activated RhoA on IEC-6 cell proliferation, focus formation, and Cdk2 expression. The stability of mRNA and protein for Cdk2 and p21Waf1/Cip1 in V14-RhoA cells was not significantly different from that of vector-transfected cells. In conclusion, RhoA activation decreased p21Waf1/Cip1 expression and increased basal and serum-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, Cdk2 expression, Cdk2 protein, and Cdk2 activity, leading to the stimulation of IEC proliferation and transformation. Polyamine depletion totally prevented RhoA's effect on proliferation by decreasing Cdk2 expression and activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

PDX-1 induces differentiation of intestinal epithelioid IEC-6 into insulin-producing cells.

A homeodomain containing transcription factor PDX-1 can induce beta-cell-specific gene expressions in some non-beta-cells and may therefore be useful for future diabetes gene/cell therapy. Among the potential target organs or tissues for transcription factor-mediated induction of beta-cell-like differentiation are the intestinal epithelial cells. They have certain merits over other tissues and organs in terms of accessibility for gene delivery and of similarity in developmental background to the pancreatic primordium. In this study, we used an intestinal epithelium-derived cell line, IEC-6 cells, and investigated the possible effects of PDX-1 expression in those cells. By exogenous expression of the PDX-1 gene, IEC-6 cells started expressing multiple beta-cell-specific genes such as amylin, glucokinase, and Nkx6.1, which were not found in the original IEC-6 cells. Insulin gene expression, which was missing initially even in the PDX-1-transfected IEC-6 cells, became detectable when the cells were transplanted under the renal capsule of a rat. When the PDX-1(+) IEC-6 cells were kept in vitro, treatment with betacellulin could also confer insulin gene expression to them. Although insulin secretory granules became visible by electron microscopy, they were secreted regardless of glucose concentration. The in vivo or in vitro inductions of the insulin gene expression were not observed in the PDX-1(-) IEC-6 cells. Thus, our present observations demonstrate the potency of intestinal epithelial cells as a tool for diabetes gene/cell therapy and provide further support for the potency of PDX-1 in driving beta-cell-like differentiation in non-beta-cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Polarized secretion of IL-6 by IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells: differential effects of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) can exist as polarized cells and are capable of secreting interleukin-6 (IL-6), yet it has not been determined if this IL-6 is secreted in a polarized fashion. Using the non-transformed rat IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line grown on microporous membrane inserts, we have determined that these cells were capable of secreting IL-6 preferentially to the basal surface when stimulated basally with IL-1 beta. In contrast, stimulation of the cells with TNF-alpha resulted in an equal level of IL-6 secretion to the apical and basal surfaces, regardless of whether the cells were stimulated by the apical or basal route. Experiments designed to test the permeability of the IEC-6 cell layer to apically added sodium fluorescein confirmed that neither IL-1 beta nor TNF-alpha altered the integrity of the cell layer after three days. These results suggest that IEC may have the capacity to secret IL-6 in different patterns depending upon the stimulation received. This would allow communication between the IEC and lamina propria cells via basal secretion and rapid communication between IEC via apical secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Modulation of proliferation, second messenger levels, and morphotype expression of the rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 by fermented milk.

Trophic effects of milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Bifidobacterium sp., or the combination of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (yogurt) were studied on the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line. Incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities, cyclic AMP production, and differentiation of levels of the IEC-6 strain were evaluated between the 15th and 30th passage in culture. All fermented and unfermented milks enhanced trophic responses of IEC-6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the corresponding milks, supernatant fractions were more effective in stimulating mitochondrial dehydrogenase response. Fermented milk supernatants were also more effective than the corresponding unfermented fractions. Increases in DNA synthesis and cyclic AMP confirmed the activation observed with mitochondrial dehydrogenase. Yogurt induced the more trophic response with an increased number of the more differentiated cell morphotype. Fermentation with L. casei also demonstrated an important trophic adaptation of IEC-6 cells. Milk processing by lactic acid bacteria enhanced trophic and proliferation responses of intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. These results suggested that IEC-6 cells could represent an accurate and easy in vitro model for testing the trophic quality of various nutrients and for an optimization of physiological digestive functions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of Astragalus injection in promoting IEC-6 cell differentiation through activating ornithine decarboxylase].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Astragalus injection (AI) in repairing mucous membrane by observing its effects on the proliferation, differentiation, migration as well as on intracellular content of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamine in rat's small intestinal crypt-like cell line (IEC-6) in vitro. METHODS: AI was added in the IEC-6 cells after they had been cultured for 24 hours. Twelve hours after adding AI, the cells were collected to test the ODC mRNA level, ODC protein, ODC activity and the intracellular content of putrescine. Twenty-four hours after adding AI, the condition of cell proliferation and differentiation was observed. Another group of IEC-6 cells were injured after being cultured for 72 hours, and AI was added, the cell migration was observed at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after medication. RESULTS: AI could inhibit IEC-6 cell proliferation, promote the cell differentiation, but with no apparent effect on injured IEC-6 cell migratin. AI of 62.5-250 micrograms/ml concentration could increase the ODC mRNA level, as compared with control, the difference was significant (P < 0.05-0.01). ODC activity and intracellular content of putrescine could be gradually increased by AI in a dose-dependant manner. No effect of AI was shown on ODC protein in various dosage of AI groups. CONCLUSION: AI could promote IEC-6 cell differentiation by means of inducing the ODC activity and biosynthesis of polyamine, but without significant effect on cell migration.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Perceived sufficiency and usefulness of IEC materials and methods related to HIV/AIDS among high school youth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

This study was conducted to assess the perceived sufficiency and usefulness of HIV/AIDS information, education and communication (IEC) messages and materials as well as to identify preferences for IEC sources and methods. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussions. A total of 901 students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, participated in the study. Over three quarters of the respondents believed in the usefulness of IEC. IEC materials were perceived to be useful in increasing knowledge about HIV/AIDS by 456 (51%), to influence attitude by 357 (40%) and to acquire safer sexual practices by 382 (42%) of the respondents. None of the information sources and messages available for high school students highly satisfied the sufficiency indicators. Even though no single information source was highly preferred, radio and television ranked top. Life skills training was the most desired intervention by the students. IEC on HIV/AIDS was able to acquaint students with the disease rather than equipping them with knowledge and skill needed in their daily life. Therefore, appropriate and mutually reinforcing IEC messages with emphasis on life skill training are recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

The impact of an IEC campaign on tuberculosis awareness and health seeking behaviour in Delhi, India.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of an intensive IEC campaign regarding the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme launched by the Government of Delhi on awareness generation among the general population and improvement in self-reporting by symptomatic cases in Delhi, India. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. RESULTS: A pilot study wherein 1008 persons selected by systematic random sampling from the general population and 1012 patients selected from symptomatic cases reporting to DOTS centres were interviewed. Among the general population, 716 (71.0%) had been exposed to one or more IEC message through the media. The core message regarding symptoms, diagnosis, treatment centre and free treatment was recalled correctly by 144 (14.3%), 449 (44.5%), 659 (65.4%) and 900 (89.2%), respectively. In the post IEC period, a significant increase (P < 0.01) was seen in individuals self-reporting with symptoms to DOTS centres: the media message reportedly encouraged 36.3% of these to self-report. Prior to the IEC campaign only 49 (9.8%) patients had chosen a DOTS centre as first source of treatment, which increased significantly (P < 0.0001) to 104 (20.4%) post IEC. CONCLUSION: The IEC campaign launched by the Government of Delhi has been effective in raising awareness and improving self-reporting, but it requires intensification with suitable modification to reach all sectors.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Immune effector cell (IEC)-mediated protection from HSV-1 retinitis occurs in the brain.

Following uniocular anterior chamber inoculation of the KOS strain of HSV-1 into euthymic BALB/c mice, virus spreads from the injected eye to the brain and from the brain to the optic nerve and retina of the uninjected eye resulting in retinitis. Adoptive transfer of HSV-1-specific immune effector cells (IEC) within 24 h of anterior chamber inoculation of virus prevents retinitis. To determine where protection occurs, mice were injected with HSV-1 via the anterior chamber route, and fluorescently-labeled HSV-1-specific-IEC or ovalbumin-specific-lymph node cells were adoptively transferred intravenously. The eyes and brains of these mice were sectioned and examined for virus-infected cells and for fluorescently-labeled adoptively transferred cells. None of the mice in the group receiving an adoptive transfer of virus-specific IEC had evidence of virus infection of the ipsilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), whereas the ipsilateral SCN of all of the mice in the control groups were virus-positive by day 5 P.I. Since virus spreads from the ipsilateral SCN to the contralateral optic nerve and retina to cause retinitis in the uninoculated eye, the results of these studies suggest IEC-mediated protection from HSV-1 retinitis occurs proximal to the ipsilateral SCN. Furthermore, since only HSV-1-specific IEC conferred protection and only these cells were observed in the brain, protection and trafficking of cells after adoptive transfer was virus-specific.

Adoptive Transfer↗