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PubMed1987

Comparison of leukocytes labeled with indium-111-2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide and indium-111 oxine for abscess detection.

Indium-111 leukocyte scanning has evolved into a practical and highly accurate method for the identification of infectious and inflammatory processes. The most commonly used agent for labeling leukocytes has been [111In]oxine. We have investigated a newer agent, 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (Merc) at our institution which unlike oxine, allows us to label leukocytes in plasma, using a simple kit procedure. Of the 92 consecutive patients referred for detection or localization of an infectious process, autologous leukocytes of 55 patients were labeled with [111In]Merc, while those of the remaining 37 patients were labeled with [111In]oxine. The sensitivities for Merc and oxine procedures were 87% and 92%, respectively, while the respective specificities were 100% and 92%. We conclude that the [111In]Merc-labeled leukocytes are equally effective as [111In]oxine-labeled leukocytes in detecting infectious processes. The use of [111In]Merc is advantageous over [111In]oxine for white blood cell labeling because of its easier preparation.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Contribution of contaminant indium-114m/indium-114 to indium-111 oxine blood dosimetry.

Indium-114m and 114In appear as contaminants in commercial preparations of [111In]oxine at a level of about 0.05% at time of calibration (TOC). The contribution of these contaminants to the radiation absorbed dose from [111In]oxine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte imaging procedures has been evaluated. When the absorbed dose from these contaminants is expressed as a percent of the 111In dose to the same organ from a given procedure, the contaminants contribute an additional 0.16 to 12% of the 111In dose, and in one case, that of the spleen from [111In]oxine labeled erythrocytes, they contribute an additional 33%. Commercial samples of aqueous-based [111In]oxine contain levels of 114mIn/114In sufficient to result in a mild to moderate increase in the absorbed radiation dose to the patient. Strict quality control procedures must be maintained by suppliers to prevent higher contamination levels. It is advisable to avoid using 111In products of this nature later than about 3 days after the time of calibration.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1980

Indium-114m in dual-nuclide studies with Cr-51: comparison with indium-111.

Simultaneously radioassay of In-111 and In-114m, each in the presence of Cr-51, has been investigated. Presented here are data demonstrating the efficacy of using In-114m in a dual radioassay with Cr-51, a radiolabel currently used in many cellular research applications. In-111 (T1/2, 2.81 days) has recently received attention in clinical studies, but has less than satisfactory physical characteristics for animal studies involving two emitters or long-term recirculation. Indium-114m (T1/2, 50.1 days) permits long-term in vivo and in vitro monitoring, so that dual-nuclide studies on cell recirculation can be performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Indium-111 activity concentration in tissue samples after intravenous injection of indium-111-DTPA-D-Phe-1-octreotide.

METHODS: Indium-111 activity concentrations in human tumor and normal tissue samples were determined at 24, 48 and 120 hr after i.v. injection of 111In-DTPA-D-Phe-1-octreotide. Fourteen patients were included in the study. Seven patients had medullary thyroid carcinoma, four had midgut carcinoid tumors, two had endocrine pancreatic tumors and one had chronic pancreatitis. RESULTS: For midgut carcinoids, the tumor-to-blood ratio was 51:220, for medullary thyroid carcinoma 4:39, and for two endocrine pancreatic tumors 6 and 1500. Tumor-to-muscle ratios varied between 1 and 1200 and tumor-to-fat between 2 and 1500 depending on tumor type. CONCLUSION: The sometimes extremely high tumor-to-normal tissue ratios present the possibility for use of radiolabeled octreotide for radiation therapy of somatostatin receptor positive tumors.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Internalization of indium-111 into human neuroendocrine tumor cells after incubation with indium-111-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide.

UNLABELLED: Neuroendocrine tumor cells frequently overexpress somatostatin receptors at their cell surfaces. To evaluate the possibility of using the somatostatin analog 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide for radiation therapy, we studied the binding and subsequent internalization of 111In into three types of cultured human neuroendocrine tumor cells. METHODS: Primary cultures of gastric carcinoid, midgut carcinoid and glucagonoma cells were incubated with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide and cell-surface bound, internalized and released 111In activity was measured. Electron microscopic autoradiography was also performed. RESULTS: All three cell types specifically (80%-95%) bound 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide and internalized 111In. After 1 hr pulse incubation with 111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide, there was an initial decrease in intracellular 111In to about 50% during the subsequent 6-hr incubation. Almost no further release was observed during the remaining 18-42 hr studied. Autoradiography showed that the internalized 111In was found in the cytoplasm and nucleus in the midgut carcinoid cells. CONCLUSION: Indium-111 DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide might be useful for radiation therapy of patients with surgically incurable tumors having high somatostatin receptor densities.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1998

Radioimmunodetection of medullary thyroid carcinoma using indium-111 bivalent hapten and anti-CEA x anti-DTPA-indium bispecific antibody.

UNLABELLED: Pretargeting labeled bivalent hapten with bispecific antibodies has proven feasible in the clinic, and our earlier results have suggested the technique may be very sensitive for detecting small recurrences and metastases. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an example where this technique may be the most useful since local recurrences and isolated metastases are removed surgically when detected, and thyrocalcitonin provides a specific and sensitive tumor marker. In our current study, we evaluated pretargeted immunoscintigraphy in a larger number of MTC patients. METHODS: Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) x anti-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) indium bispecific antibody and 111In-labeled bivalent DTPA hapten were administered sequentially (4-5 days apart) to 44 patients with elevated circulating calcitonin after resection of primary MTC. Immunoscintigraphy was performed 2, 5 and 24 hr after hapten injection and, when necessary, at longer time intervals. When available, a handheld gamma probe was used during surgery. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had known tumor sites before immunoscintigraphy. Tumors were imaged in 12 (80%) of these patients, including 3 with liver metastases. Five unknown tumor sites were detected. For the 29 patients with occult disease, immunoscintigraphy detected high-activity uptake sites in 21 patients (72%), including 5 in the liver. Twelve were confirmed by surgery, 1 by guided morphologic imaging and 1 by venous catheterization. There were 2 false-positive patients. The other 5 patients have not yet been confirmed. All detected liver metastases were high-activity uptake areas. Radioimmunoguided surgery was used in 14 patients. It was considered helpful by the surgeon in 12 patients, including 4 patients where it determined the resection of small, not palpable nor visible, tumor-involved lymph nodes. Surgical resection resulted in a significant decrease (8 patients) or normalization (1 patient) of circulating calcitonin and CEA. CONCLUSION: This technique affords high sensitivity and specificity for detecting small tumor lesions including liver metastases. Its use for immunoscintigraphy and guided surgery should improve the therapeutic management of recurrent MTC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Reactions of Elemental Indium and Indium(I) Bromide with Nickel-Bromine Bonds: Structure of (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(Ph(3)P)Ni-InBr(2)(O=PPh(3)).

The reactions of elemental indium and In(I)Br with the carbonyl-free organonickel complexes (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PR(3))Ni-Br (R = CH(3), C(6)H(5)) have been studied in some detail. Either redox reactions to yield the ionic products [(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PR(3))(2)Ni][InBr(4)] (2a,b) occurred or the Ni-In bound systems (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PPh(3))Ni-InBr(2)(OPPh(3)) (3a) and [(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PPh(3))Ni](2)InBr (4) were obtained in good yields. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and mass spectrometry. A short Ni-In bond of 244.65(9) pm was found for 3a. Single crystal data for (eta(5)-C(5)H(5))(PPh(3))Ni-InBr(2)(OPPh(3)).THF (3a): triclinic, P1 with a = 1124.9(3), b = 1353.2(4), c = 1476.4(4) pm, alpha = 94.74(2) degrees, beta = 101.78(2) degrees, gamma = 109.64(1) degrees, V = 2044(1) x 10(6) pm(3), Z = 2, R = 0.053 (R(w) = 0.063).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Indium-indium pair correlation and surface segregation in InGaAs alloys

In-In pair correlations and In surface segregation in In xGa 1-xAs alloys are studied by first-principles total-energy calculations. By calculating the substitution energy of a single In atom, we find that the near-surface energetics explains the observed In segregation on InGaAs(001)-beta2(2x4) surfaces. Indium surface segregation further enhances the In site selectivity, thus the long-range ordering. We find that the [110] and [001] In-In pair correlations are repulsive and nearly isotropic in bulk but are highly anisotropic near the (001) surface. The sign of the [110] In-In interaction energies vs the distance from the surface is oscillatory. These findings explain the recent puzzling cross-sectional x-STM results.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Preparation and immunoreactivity of high specific activity indium-111-DTPA labeled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) using ultrapure indium-111.

The preparation of high-specific activity 111In-DTPA-MoAb without increasing the number of DTPA molecules per Ab was investigated. Instant thin layer chromatography was used to assay the relationship between labeling efficiencies and specific activities. With ultrapurified 111In, the specific activity of the radiolabeled MoAb approached the expected theoretic maximum of 100 muCi/microgram. The bioactivity of such high-specific activity preparation showed no degradation as measured by in vitro cell binding assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cell labelling and cell damage with indium-111 acetylacetone-an alternative to indium 111 oxine.

The labelling of HeLa S3 cells with 111In acetylacetone (111In-acac) was studied together with cell damage, measured by the reduction in colony-forming ability of labelled cells. Using 2 X 10(5) cells/ml in Hepes saline buffer at pH 7.6 incubated with 7.4-185 kBq (0.2-5.0 microCi)/ml 111In-acac, containing 0.19% acetylacetone for 15 minutes at room temperature, 60-80% 111In was bound to the cells. The cell binding was linear with activity and resulted in an exponential reduction in colony forming ability and a D0 of 26 kBq (0.7 microCi)/2 X 10(5) cells. Radiation was shown to be the major cause of cell damage. It is concluded that 111In-acac is preferable to 111In oxine because it is soluble in physiological buffers, which eliminates the use of ethanol; it is quick and easy to prepare; and compared with previous results using HeLa S3 cells labelled with 111In oxine, 111In-acac gives much more reproducible results and is no more toxic. Clinically 111In-acac was shown to give similar results to 111In oxine.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1991

Detection of subacute infectious foci with indium-111-labeled autologous leukocytes and indium-111-labeled human nonspecific immunoglobulin G: a prospective comparative study.

In 35 patients suspected of an infectious focus, the outcome of scintigraphy with 111In-labeled autologous leukocytes (WBC) and 111In-labeled human nonspecific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was evaluated in a prospective comparative study. Clinical, roentgenologic and microbiologic findings were considered to be proof of the presence of infection or inflammation. In this group of patients with mainly subacute infections, 111In-IgG scintigraphy performed significantly better than 111In-WBC scintigraphy, especially in infections of the locomotor system, but also in various soft-tissue infections. Both techniques showed disappointing results in patients with disseminated yersinia infection and in some patients with tuberculosis. Overall sensitivity and specificity was 74% and 100% for 111In-IgG scintigraphy and 52% and 78% for 111In-WBC scintigraphy, respectively.

Bacterial Infections↗