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PubMed1975

The role of urinary indican as a predictor of bacterial colonization in the human jejunum.

To evaluate the role of urinary indican excretion and several common absorptive tests as predictors of bacterial colonization in the human jejunum, we analyzed the relationship between indican excretion and quantitative jejunal cultures, tryptophan absorption, enteric protein loss, fecal nitrogen excretion, D-xylose and lactose tolerance tests, and B12 and fat absorption in 40 subjects. Indican excretion correlated poorly with jejunal colony counts (r = 0.22). Neither tryptophan load or absorption, nor nitrogen excretion were related to indicanuria, but there was a modest correlation between enteric protein loss and urinary indican values (r = 0.54). Lactose tolerance tests and D-xylose, B12 and fat absorption showed no predictive value for identifying patients with high colony counts. Compared to quantitative small bowel culture, none of the tests studied provided suitable methods for screening for bacterial contamination of the human jejunum.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

Diurnal variation in the excretion of indican in rats fed saccharin containing diet.

The administration of a diet containing 7.5% saccharin ad libitum to adult male rats for 1 month increased the daily excretion of indican. The maximum urinary excretion of saccharin which occurred during the night (2000-0800 h), was associated with a reduced renal elimination of indican. This resulted in proportionately greater renal excretion of indican during the day, which has been shown previously to be the time of maximum distension of the urinary bladder in rats fed a saccharin containing diet. Thus the physiological and biochemical changes produced by high dietary levels of saccharin, i.e. saturation of renal tubular secretion, increased excretion of indican and bladder distension are inter-related such as to maximize the possible interaction of the bladder epithelium with endogenous substrates of renal tubular secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Determination of indican and tryptophan in normal and uraemic patients by high-performance liquid chromatography with a new electrochemical detector.

A simple analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of indican and tryptophan in biological fluids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a new electrochemical detector consisting of a tubular anode obtained by moulding graphitized carbon black and polyethylene. The hydrodynamic voltammetry of these compounds has been carried out and it has been found that, by operating in isocratic conditions with phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)-methanol (93:7), the reported compounds can be determined directly. The procedure can be applied for the determination of the free compounds on ultrafiltered serum as well as of their total content on serum deproteinized with methanol. Levels of both compounds in normal and uraemic patients have been measured and the relative ratios between free and total content yield a useful marker for patients with renal disease. The limits of quantitation of indican and tryptophan in serum were 5 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. The within-day assay coefficient of variation for total indican and tryptophan ranged from 3.0 to 3.6% and from 3.8 to 4.1%, respectively. The day-to-day assay coefficient of variation for total indican and tryptophan ranged from 3.4 to 3.7% and from 4.6 to 5.0%, respectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1975

Increase in urinary indican excretion in pancreatic steatorrhoea following replacement therapy.

Urinary indican excretion was studied in 5 patients with steatorrhoea of pancreatic origin, 4 patients with steatorrhoea due to other causes, and 5 normal subjects. Treatment with pancreatic extract resulted in an immediate increase in indican excretion to above the normal range in patients with steatorrhoea due to pancreatic insufficiency. Administration of pancreatic extract did not result in a rise in the patients with steatorrhoea not due to pancreatic insufficiency, or in the normal subjects. In one patient with pancreatic insufficiency maintained on a low protein diet, the rise in indican excretion on replacement therapy was much slower and did not reach as high a level as in the patients on a normal protein diet. The possible mechanisms underlying these observations are discussed. It is suggested that the finding of a low indican excretion in the presence of steatorrhoea and its rise to above normal on pancreatic enzyme therapy is strongly suggestive of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beta-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of indican from leaves of Polygonum tinctorium.

In this article, a HPLC method to identify and quantify the dyes and the indigo precursors produced in Polygonum tinctorium is described. Using this technique, indican has been positively identified in extracts of P. tinctorium. Our work with two cultivars of P. tinctorium has confirmed that the quantity of indican is dependent on the cultivars, harvest period, and age of the leaves. Two enzymes, Novozym 188 (cellobiase) and Novarom G (beta-glucosidase), are compared on the basis of their activities to hydrolyze the indican at several pH values. We observed that Novarom G is more active than Novozym 188 whatever the pH and that optimum pH of both enzymes for indican hydrolysis is 3. Liberated indoxyl can be oxidized in alkaline media and transformed into indigo and indirubin.

Catalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of age on serum tryptophan and urine indican in adults given a tryptophan load test.

An oral load of L-tryptophan (490 mumol/kg) was administered to 25 men and 25 women between the ages of 30 and 80 years. Blood samples were drawn before the load and at 2-h intervals for 6 h after the load. Urine samples were collected for 5 days. Fasting serum tryptophan levels averaged 79.5 mumol/l (+/- 12.9 s.d.). Peak serum tryptophan levels (911-1002 mumol/l) occurred 2 h after the load. Urinary indican excretion on the day of the load averaged 6.4 mumol/24h/kg of body weight (+/- 2.8 s.d.). The concentration of tryptophan in serum, the amount of indican excreted in urine, and the indican:creatinine ratio in urine depended on the age of the subjects. The findings are discussed in relation to previous reports on effects of age on tryptophan pharmacokinetics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indican, ethereal and other forms of S eliminated in 24 hours urine by elderly Indian subjects.

Average daily excretion of Indican in urine of 42 healthy elderly men, av. age 69.9 +/- 5.0 years, (60 observations) was 60.7 +/- 17.4 mg/24 hrs. This is slightly higher than reported values for younger subjects. Average ethereal S elimination by Indian subjects has varied from 72-150 mg/day. Indican is the chief ethereal S eliminated in urine. Other forms of S excreted by elderly subjects were: Inorganic S 720 +/- 150 mg; Ethereal S 74 +/- 22 mg. Indican in them was 53.8 +/- 17.4 mg. This shows that the remaining 20 mg or about 1/4 of the ethereal S is eliminated in urine in other forms. Relationship with age, diet, common disorders along with findings in literature etc. are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary indican in healthy Indian subjects.

Forty normal subjects have been taken for the present study. The mean Indican excretion was 40.45 mg/24 hrs. The mean jejunal count was 1.96 x 10(3) +/- 5.39 x 10(3) organisms/ml and 40% of the jejunal aspirates were sterile. Wide range of bacteria were cultured bu the coliform organisms were obtained in only 16.6%. There was a significant correlation between Indican excretion and total bacterial count (P less than .01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urinary excretion of indican in progressive myoclonus epilepsy without Lafora bodies. The effect of sodium valproate.

Increased urinary excretion of indican was detected in earlier studies of patients with the form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) where no Lafora bodies are present in the brain and other tissues. Since then, all PME patients have been given sodium valproate and/or clonazepam. In a series of 10 patients now examined the mean excretion was on the same level as that of other epileptic and non-epileptic neurological patients (53 +/- 27 mg/g creatinine). Alternate reduction of the two drugs in one patient over a period of 24 days increased the excretion up to the high level measured earlier (96 mg/g creatinine) and caused marked worsening of the clinical condition while no remarkable changes were observed in another PME patient who received her normal medication. The highest values ever measured were found in one PME patient just before his death. In two patients who had no medication the excretion was also high but returned to the normal level during medication with sodium valproate. It is unknown at the moment whether this change is due to the improved clinical condition of the patients or to the compound itself.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urinary excresion of indican during recovery from malnutrition].

Most indican excreted in the urine comes from the degradation of tryptophan through the action of microorganisms dwelling within the intestinal lumen. Based on this knowledge, the excretion of this compound was investigated during the recovery process of 19 malnourished infants; thus, attempts were made to recognize indirectly whether quantitative modifications take place in the intestinal flora as the state of nutrition is re-established. The results do not suggest the presence of an important variation of the bacterial content within the intestine of these children, at least during the first four weeks of their recovery.

Analysis of Variance↗