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PubMed1976

On the regularities of distribution of Hypoderma bovis De Geer larvae parasitizing cattle herds in different parts of the range of this warble fly.

The type and parameters of the distribution of the second and third instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis in cattle herds in Czechoslovakia (54 herds, 7233 head), Mongolia (20 herds, 1809 head) and the USSR (48 herds, 4978 head) were studied. A statistical analysis showed a) that in the majority of cases negative binomial distribution serves as a model of the distribution of larvae with sufficient reliability; b) that the regularity of dependence of the distribution exponent k of the negative binomial distribution on the incidence of infestation remains constant in different parts of the range of this warble fly. The latter fact indicates that the regulatory systems limiting the population numbers of this warble fly are associated with host-parasite relationships and do not depend on a complex of conditions specific for various natural zones. In order to understand the regulatory processes in parasite populations it is necessary to study equally the regulatory mechanisms operating primarily on the level of specimens as well as the regulatory systems operating on the level of populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

On the regularities of distribution of Hypoderma bovis De Geer larvae parasitizine cattle herds in different parts of the range of this warble fly.

The type and parameters of the distribution of the second and third instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis in cattle herds in Czechoslovakia (54 herds, 7233 head), Mongolia (20 herds, 1809 head) and the USSR (48 herds, 4978 head) were studied. A statistical analysis showed a) that in the majority of cases negative binomial distribution serves as a model of the distribution of larvae with sufficient reliability; b) that the regularity of dependence of the distribution exponent k of the negative binomial distribution on the incidence of infestation remains constant in different parts of the range of thes warble fly. The latter fact indicates that the regulatory systems limiting the population numbers of this warble fly are associated with host-parasite relationships and do not depend on a complex of conditions specific for various natural zones. In order to understand the regulatory processes in parasite populations it is necessary to study equally the regulatory mechanisms operating primarily on the level of specimens as well as the regulatory systems operating on the level of populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of bovine hypodermosis on various health indicators of milk in first-calvers].

The effect of the last developmental phase of the warble fly (Hypoderma bovis de Greer) larvas was studied as exerted on some health indices of milk in 20 experimental (treated) and 18 control (untreated) first-calvers of the Pinzgau breed at two localities of an area affected by bovine hypodermosis in the period from May to June, 1975. The preparation Hypocid, at a dose of 15 ml per 100 kg of body weight, was applied externally in the lumbosacral region to the experimental animals in November, 1974. Throughout the experimental period (61 days) the milk was repeatedly examined bacteriologically and cytologically, the content of chlorides and the milk electric conductivity were determined. In none of the followed health indices of milk were significant differences in the values obtained from experimental and control first-calvers proved statistically.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

[Comparative evolution of blood antibodies in cattle infested with hypodermosis and treated with different insecticides (author's transl)].

Immunological response to hypodermosis is studied by a passive hemagglutination method in three groups of cattle naturally infested during the spring of 1972. In the autumn, one group was treated with fenthion and another with niclofolan, a drug generally used for distomatosis, but also efficient in hypodermosis and free from side-effects. The third group served as a control. Two kinds of immunological response are observed after use of the insecticide. In the group treated with fenthion, there is a rapid drop in antibodies during the 3 days following treatment; this increases for the next 2 months up to a very low level, which is stable for 3 months (fig. 3, 4, 5). During the same period, antibodies in the control group increase regularly to reach a maximum in April or May (fig. 1, 2). The immunological response of the host is closely related to the antigenic stimulation of the larvae. In the group treated with niclofolan, the slow drop in antibodies suggests that there is a parallel drop in the number of larvae during the month following treatment. A study of the other group shows that larvae are affected in the 24 hours following fenthion administration. This agent, as well as all organophosphorous compounds, are well-known to act efficiently on larvae and have anaphylactic-type side-effects on the host. The massive degradation of larvae should have induced an important antigenic reaction, but no increase in the antibodies of the host is observed; there is a even rapid drop in the number of larvae immediately after treatment. This fact is investigated further by experiments on guinea pig: the role of antigen-antibody complexes is studied by passive anaphylaxis. It appears that shock reactions, following use of organophosphorous insecticides, have a true-hyper-sensitivity origin, and are increased by the intrinsic toxicity of the first instar larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Histological tissue study of cattly harboring the Hypoderma lineatum parasite (De Vill.) (Diptera-Oestriform) (author's transl)].

The migrating larvae of H. lineatum throughout the submucosal connective tissue of the oesophagus of cattle induce an acute inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study is to investigate histopathological tissue changes. Connective tissue damage is produced by the inflammatory reaction, but mostly by larval proteolytic enzymes. Fibrous proteins and matrix are all largely affected. Around the larvae there are 3 concentric levels of degradation. The external one is characterized by vascular response. No tissue component is destroyed, but the collagen fibers dissociate into fibrils. In the 2 internal levels (B, C) the fibrils lying along the larvae progressively degrade, splitting into large then small fragments. The elastic fibers are differently affected, but also show breaking and thinness. Finally, the matrix increases, metabhromatic reactions appear, and many mononuclear cells and granulocytes invade this injured area. Fibrin network generally present in inflammatory reaction is not found around the larvae except posteriorly in the regenerative zone. All the changes in the fibrous proteic structures of connective tissue facilitate larval migration. Repair in the larval pathway commences shortly after the passage of the larvae. Necrotic tissues are rapidly destroyed by larval enzymes and tissular and cellular enzymes, macrophages and granulocytes are abundant. The respective importance of larval enzymes and cellular enzymes in the necrotic phase is analyzed. This study, carried out between October and March, also shows an increase of inflammatory reaction and tissular degradation. The immune response of the host and the nutritional habits of the larvae are probably involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Insect juvenile hormone mimics against the short-nosed cattle louse, Haematopinus eurysternus Denny (Anoplura), and their effect on warbles of Hypoderma sp. Latr. (Diptera:Oestridae).

Insect juvenile hormone mimics (IJH) at 0.1 and 0.01% were used as sprays for control of the short-nosed cattle louse, Haematopinus eurysternus Denny, on 11 heavily infested Hereford cows. A significant reduction of lice occurred although eradication was achieved in only one case. Severe reactions, apparently associated with the death or failure of complete development of cattle grub larvae, Hypoderma sp. Latr., were seen in the IJH-treated cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Myiasis presenting as cellulitis of the cheek.

A case of myiasis due to the northern cattle grub (Hypoderma bovis) in a 2 1/2-year-old girl presenting as cellulitis of the cheek and periorbital cellulitis is detailed in this report. A literature review of similar cases reported over the past five years is included.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1979

[Problems of the ectoparasite control in the Mongolian People's Republic].

The co-operation between G.D.R. and M.P.R. in the field of control of ectoparasites in farm animals is described. The problems under the specific conditions of the M.P.R. in the control of the principal parasitoses of economic importance such as hypodermosis, mange, tick infestations, oestrosis, vermipsyllosis, gasterophilosis and wohlfahrtiosis are analysed. The successfully applied hypodermosis control program represents the base for further systematic, state-directed strategic measures in controlling of ectoparasitoses.

Animals↗